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Introduction This aim of this study was to delineate current clinical scenarios of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDN) and associated anxiety and depression among patients in Mainland China, and to report current therapy and clinical practices. Methods A total of 1547 participants were enrolled in the study between 14 June 2018 and 11 November 2019. Recruitment was conducted using a multilevel sampling method. Participants’ demographics, medical histories, glucose parameters, Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire (DN4) scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) scores, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) scores and therapies were recorded. Results The male-to-female ratio was 1.09:1 (807:740), and the mean age at onset was 61.28 ± 11.23 years. The mean DN4 score (± standard deviation) was 4.91 ± 1.88. The frequencies of DN4 sub-item phenotypes were: numbness, 81%; tingling, 68.71%; pins and needles, 62.90%; burning, 53.59%; hypoaesthesia to touch, 50.16%; electronic shocks, 43.31%; hypoaesthesia to pinprick, 37.94%; brushing, 37.82%; painful cold, 29.61%; and itching, 25.86%. Age, diabetic duration, depression history, PHQ-9 score and GAD-7 score were identified as risk factors for VAS pain score. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was a protective factor for VAS pain score. For all participants currently diagnosed with PDN and for those previously diagnosed PDN, fasting blood glucose (FBG) was a risk factor for VAS; there was no association between FBG and VAS pain score for PDN diagnosed within 3 months prior to recruitment. Utilisation rate of opium therapies among enrolled participants was 0.71% , contradiction of first-line guideline recommendation for pain relief accounted for 9.43% (33/350) and contradiction of second-line guideline recommendation for opium dosage form was 0.57% (2/350). Conclusion Moderate to severe neuropathic pain in PDN was identified in 73.11% of participants. Age, diabetic duration, depression history, PHQ-9 score, GAD-7 score and FBG were risk factors for VAS pain scores. PAD was protective factor. The majority of pain relief therapies prescribed were in accordance with guidelines. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03520608, retrospectively registered, 2018-05-11. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40122-021-00281-w.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare in China, and the prevalence previously reported may be biased. Currently, few studies that have investigated the prevalence of MS in China based on the latest diagnostic criteria.Through a population-based survey from August 8, 2021 to December 31, 2021, we calculated the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in 18,676,605 residents of Guangzhou, China. MS patients were identified through the health insurance system of the Guangzhou Health Insurance Bureau, and we surveyed 17 large tertiary hospitals using a case-finding approach. All MS patients were diagnosed according to the 2017 McDonald criteria.A total of 143 patients in the resident population of Guangzhou were diagnosed with MS, with a crude prevalence of 0.77 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-0.90), and the prevalence was higher in in females (1.14/100,000) than in males (0.44/100,000). The age-adjusted prevalence was 0.92 per 100,000 (95% CI: 0.77-1.10). The prevalence peaked at the age of 25-29 years (2.86/100,000) for both males and females (1.44/100,000 and 4.42/100,000, respectively).This is the first study to report the prevalence of MS in Guangzhou, China, according to the criteria. Our study shows that the prevalence of MS in Guangzhou is lower than that in other cities in China.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in the dysfunction of upper and lower motor neurons. Biomarkers in fluid have been used to monitor the disease and its progression. Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is an inflammation modulator, which is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We here took this study to evaluate the predictive value of MFG-E8 in ALS. This study consisted of 19 patients with ALS and 15 healthy controls. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from all participants and tested for the levels of MFG-E8, neurofilament light (NFL), and heavy chain (NFH). The correlations between MFG-E8 and NFL, NFH, ALS severity, cognitive status, and forced vital capacity (FVC) were analyzed. We found that MFG-E8 performs well in distinguishing ALS from controls, with relatively higher level of MFG-E8 in ALS subjects, than controls. Moreover, MFG-E8 negatively correlated with the revised ALS function rating scale (ALS-FRS), but not with the levels of NFL and NFH, disease duration, progression rate, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and FVC. The study proved that CSF MFG-E8 helps distinguish ALS from controls. However, the protein in CSF negatively predicted disease severity.

Objectives To explore the practical method of endoscopic triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection immediately after endoscopic surgery and combined with endoscopic dilation (ED) in the management of stenosis after esophageal cancer surgery based on their efficacy and safety. Methods A comprehensive search was performed in electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for possible controlled studies. Meta-analyses of the included studies were completed using Reviewer Manager software and were reported based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results Eight randomized studies and five controlled studies containing 575 patients were obtained. In five studies (n=282), TA injected after surgery reduced the risk of stenosis (risk difference [RD] =−0.51, 95% CI [−0.64, −0.39], P

A well-defined heterogeneous palladium catalyst, graphene oxide grafted with PdCl 2 , was prepared and found to be an effective catalyst for the C–C, C–N coupling of hetero aryl sulfonates with aryl boronic acids, terminal alkynes, amines, respectively, leading to the desired coupling products in moderate to excellent yields. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, TEM, XPS and ICP. It is worthy noting that this catalyst offers a number of advantages such as high stability and negligible metal leaching. It also retains good activity for at least five successive runs without any additional activation treatment, showing a better performance than the well-known commercial Pd/C catalysts. This approach would be very useful from a practical viewpoint.

A well-defined heterogeneous palladium catalyst, supported on biomacromolecule, natural wool fibre, was found to be an effective catalyst for the C–C/C–N coupling of pyrimidin-2-yl sulfonates with arylboronic acids, terminal alkynes or anilines, giving the desired coupling products in good to high yields. The catalyst was characterized by XPS, IR, SEM and ICP. More importantly, the easy experimental handling catalyst is stable, shows negligible metal leaching, and can be reused for at least 10 successive runs. Undoubtedly, a wide scope of reactant, insensitive to the electron effects and the excellent coupling yields make these catalyst systems potentially useful in organic synthesis.

A well-defined heterogeneous palladium catalyst, supported on biomacromolecule, natural wool fibre, was found to be an effective catalyst for the C–C/C–N coupling of pyrimidin-2-yl sulfonates with arylboronic acids, terminal alkynes or anilines, giving the desired coupling products in good to high yields. The catalyst was characterized by XPS, IR, SEM and ICP. More importantly, the easy experimental handling catalyst is stable, shows negligible metal leaching, and can be reused for at least 10 successive runs. Undoubtedly, a wide scope of reactant, insensitive to the electron effects and the excellent coupling yields make these catalyst systems potentially useful in organic synthesis.