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To solve the problem of data scarcity in IoT image recognition tasks, an EI-based generative data augmentation system is designed in this paper. The system adopts hybrid architecture, and edge server and cloud data center participate in computing together, which is logically divided into the training phase and running phase. The training phase completes data augmentation of source data and training of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), while the running phase processes information through the pretrained CNNs, and completes iteration of the CNNs through expert review and self-learning mechanism. It is worth mentioning that a generative data augmentation model, an Effective Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (E-DCGAN), has been proposed in the system. The experiments show that E-DCGAN is superior to the baseline model in image generation and data augmentation in both agricultural and medical fields. Compared with the baseline model, the FID values were reduced by 4.73% and 19.59%. Meanwhile, the use of E-DCGAN for data augmentation can significantly improve the image classification model (VGG19, AlexNet, ResNet50), and the average accuracy of agricultural and medical classification results has increased by 0.96% and 1.27% over the baseline.

BACKGROUND Compared with open mesh repair, transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) hernioplasty results in less chronic postoperative inguinal pain and faster postoperative recovery. However, it may still lead to rare but serious complications. Here we report a case of intestinal volvulus with recurrent abdominal pain as the only clinical symptom, which occurred 3 mo after TAPP repair for bilateral inguinal hernia. CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old male patient underwent laparoscopic TAPP for bilateral inguinal hernias. After the operation, he experienced recurring pain in his lower right abdomen around the surgical area, which was relieved after symptomatic treatment. Three months after the surgery, the abdominal pain became severe and was aggravated over time. The whirlpool sign of the mesentery was seen on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Laparoscopic exploration confirmed that a barb of the V-Loc™ suture penetrated the peritoneum, which caused the adhesion of the small intestinal wall to the site of peritoneal injury, forming intestinal volvulus. Since there was no closed-loop obstruction or intestinal ischemia, recurrent abdominal pain became the only clinical manifestation in this case. After laparoscopic lysis of adhesions and reduction of intestinal volvulus, the patient recovered and was discharged. CONCLUSION The possibility of intestinal volvulus should be considered in patients who experience recurrent abdominal pain following TAPP surgery during which barbed V-Loc sutures are used for closing the peritoneum. Contrast-enhanced CT and active laparoscopic exploration can confirm the diagnosis and prevent serious complications.

Objective: Vitrification prevents ice formation within the high concentration of cryoprotectant agents and allows the cells and extracellular milieu to solidify into a glass-like state. This study aimed to provide objective information on the available data regarding singleton births comparing embryo vitrification with fresh embryo transfers. Methods: PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for studies conducted up to 2017. Low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), preterm birth (PTB), very PTB, small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age, perinatal mortality, cesarean section, and preeclampsia were measured. Results: The search returned 220 articles, and 13 of these met the inclusion criteria. A significantly lower risk of SGA birth was observed in the vitrified embryo transfer group than in the fresh transfer group. Conversely, a higher risk of very PTB, VLBW, large size for gestational age, and perinatal mortality was observed more frequently in the vitrified embryo transfer group. Conclusions: Vitrified embryo transfer was associated with the improved outcome of neonates regarding the SGA rate compared with fresh embryo transfer, but included a higher risk of very PTB, VLBW, large size for gestational age, and perinatal mortality. Caution should be exercised in interpreting these findings given the low level of evidence of the studies.

There is a multipath effect caused by multireflections between the plasma and the vehicle surface, and there are coupling characteristics between array antennas. These two errors will seriously affect the quality of navigation signal. To solve the mutual coupling of uniform linear array (ULA) of plasma, a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm based on mutual coupling correction is proposed. The algorithm is based on the special structure of mutual coupling matrix (MCM) of ULA and combines spatial smoothing algorithms. It solves a quadratic optimization problem under the linear constraint and utilizes peak search technology to obtain DOA. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation results. Numerical simulation is applied in this article to analyze the influence of array antenna from the plasma. In addition, array antenna is calibrated with the mutual coupling calibration information estimated by the algorithm. The result of antenna calibration validates the correctness of the simulation conclusion.

The application of deep learning methods to diagnose diseases has become a new research topic in the medical field. In the field of medicine, skin disease is one of the most common diseases, and its visual representation is more prominent compared with the other types of diseases. Accordingly, the use of deep learning methods for skin disease image recognition is of great significance and has attracted the attention of researchers. In this study, we review 45 research efforts on the identification of skin disease by using deep learning technology since 2016. We analyze these studies from the aspects of disease type, data set, data processing technology, data augmentation technology, model for skin disease image recognition, deep learning framework, evaluation indicators, and model performance. Moreover, we summarize the traditional and machine learning-based skin disease diagnosis and treatment methods. We also analyze the current progress in this field and predict four directions that may become the research topic in the future. Our results show that the skin disease image recognition method based on deep learning is better than those of dermatologists and other computer-aided treatment methods in skin disease diagnosis, especially the multi deep learning model fusion method has the best recognition effect.

Crop disease diagnosis is an essential step in crop disease treatment and is a hot issue in agricultural research. However, in agricultural production, identifying only coarse-grained diseases of crops is insufficient because treatment methods are different in different grades of even the same disease. Inappropriate treatments are not only ineffective in treating diseases but also affect crop yield and food safety. We combine IoT technology with deep learning to build an IoT system for crop fine-grained disease identification. This system can automatically detect crop diseases and send diagnostic results to farmers. We propose a multidimensional feature compensation residual neural network (MDFC-ResNet) model for fine-grained disease identification in the system. MDFC-ResNet identifies from three dimensions, namely, species, coarse-grained disease, and fine-grained disease and sets up a compensation layer that uses a compensation algorithm to fuse multidimensional recognition results. Experiments show that the MDFC-ResNet neural network has better recognition effect and is more instructive in actual agricultural production activities than other popular deep learning models.

This paper proposes an electronically reconfigurable multimode orbital angular momentum (OAM) patch array antenna using single pole double throw radio frequency switch that can complete dynamic switching of three modes (−1,0,1) at 2.4 GHz. As a new type of multiplexing technology, the application value of OAM technology in radar imaging and wireless communication has been continuously verified. Considering that many theoretical algorithms are proposed, a multimode vortex antenna that meets the experimental requirements should be developed. The proposed antenna consists of RF switch, programmable microcontroller, phase-shifted feed network, and $2\times2$ rectangular array. Different feeder networks were selected by controlling the RF switch to generate vortex beams with different modes. The proposed antenna was numerically simulated and physically produced. The feasibility of the design was verified through experiments. The simulation and design results are basically the same. The proposed scheme has simple structure, easy to design and deploy, and has important significance in the design of many mode vortex antenna applications in communication and radar imaging.

Porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) biologic patch has been used in inguinal hernia repair. However, there are little data available to assess the long-term effect after repair. This study aimed to explore the long-term effect of SIS patch in open inguinal hernia repair. Sevent-six patients with unilateral inguinal hernia were treated with Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair using SIS patch (Beijing Datsing Bio-Tech Co., Ltd.) and Surgisis patch (COOK, USA) in Tianjin Union Medical Center and China-Japan Friendship Hospital. In the trial, the long-term efficacy of the treatment group and the control group were compared. A total of 66 patients in both groups received long-term follow-up (> 5 years) after surgery, with a follow-up rate of 86.8%. During the follow-up period, there was one case of recurrence, one case of chronic pain in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in terms of recurrence, chronic pain, foreign body sensation and infection between the two groups of patients. After long-term observations, it has been found that the porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) biological patch is safe and effective for inguinal hernia Lichtenstein repair, and has a low recurrence rate and complication rate.

With the rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence, data analysis and mining are becoming more and more widely used in animal husbandry. In this paper, a large number of multi-source cattle electronic medical record data are collected and used the data analysis and mining technology to realize the intelligent diagnosis system for cattle diseases. Firstly, the text preprocessing technology is used to remove the repetition on the cattle electronic medical record data, remove the stop words, word segmentation etc. the data is divided into a training set and a test set. The classifier is then constructed using a support vector machine (SVM) to classify the selected symptom words. Finally, the Apriori algorithm is used to correlate the specific disease name and the probability of the disease, giving the corresponding treatment plan. The system can treat the diseases in time, reduce the losses of herders effectively and realize the development of scientific intelligence in animal husbandry.

In this paper, an array antenna for generating multi-mode orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves and having electrically controlled mode reconfigurable function is proposed. The proposed antenna is based on a reconfigurable feed network (RFN) consisting of multiple PIN diodes as reconfigurable switches, a direct current (dc) control board and a 2 × 4 radial uniform circular array. By controlling the coding sequence of the corresponding PIN diode dc bias voltage on the RFN using a programmable microcontroller, the OAM modes generated by the proposed antenna can be dynamically reconfigured between l = 0, ±1, and ±2. Moreover, the OAM beams can be generated in a wide frequency band of 5.5-6.1 GHz and 5.65-6.1GHz for l = ± 1, ±2 modes and l = 0 mode, respectively. The prototype of the proposed antenna is simulated and fabricated to validate the proposed design. Both far-field and near-field experiments were performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed design. The results of the numerical simulation and measurement have good agreement with each other.

With the rapid development of information technology, the application field of city positioning technology is more and more extensive. Traditional indoor positioning technology has shortcomings in positioning accuracy, equipment cost, security and so on. Visible light indoor positioning technology can effectively solve the above problems. This paper presents an Adaptive boosting- Bayes (A-Bayes) localization algorithm. In this algorithm, three tilted photodetectors and one horizontal PD are used as receivers to measure the received optical power of each PD and set up a fingerprint database. The Adaboost strong classifier is used to divide the test space into two regions: the center and the edge. In the online positioning stage, for the measured received optical power, the region to which it belongs is first determined, and then the Bayesian matching algorithm is used to match the regions to complete the positioning. The experimental results show that in the test space of, and the overall average positioning error is 9.27 cm. Compared with the traditional indoor positioning algorithm, the positioning error of the proposed algorithm is smaller; Compared with the traditional multi lamp location algorithm, the algorithm proposed in this paper avoids the interference between multi light source symbols, and the equipment is simpler; Compared with the traditional fingerprint matching algorithm, the proposed algorithm has faster positioning speed.

Because the direct background light generated by the sun is strong, its strong background light power is much higher than the LED’s power, and the signal is completely submerged in the background noise, causing communication interruption. To solve the above problems, this paper establishes a visible light communication system between LED traffic lights and vehicles under strong background light, and introduces the power inversion algorithm into the system to suppress the influence of strong background light, then analyzes and compares the bit error rate of the systems under different signal-to-interference ratio. The simulation results show that the power inversion using the 3-element receiving array can generate a null of about -70dB in the direction of strong background light, so that the noise value of the output is significantly reduced, the signal gain remains unchanged. When the signal interference ratio of system is -15, the BER is 10-4, which can supply the need of communication.

With the rapid development of information technology, there is a growing demand for people in indoor location services.This paper proposes a novel high-precision indoor three-dimensional positioning algorithm for single light emitting diode (LED). By using three tilted photodetectors (PD)and one horizontal PD as receivers.Calculating the ratio of received optical power of the three tilted PDs to the horizontal PD respectively. According to the relationship of position between the PDs and the tilt angle, azimuth angle, placement angle of the tilted PD and other parameters, establish a mathematical relationship between the received optical power ratio and the receiver's three-dimensional coordinates, calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the receiver at any position. The simulation results show that in the positioning area of 1 × 1 × 1.5 m3, when the inclination angle α is 25°, the azimuth angle difference θ is 90°, the placement angle ω1=0°, ω2=90°, ω3=180°, the distance r between the horizontal PD center and the tilted PD center is 1 cm, the positioning accuracy is better, the point with the positioning error within 3 cm accounts for 84 % of the total test points, and the average positioning error is 2.52 cm. Compared with the traditional indoor positioning technology, the cost of the positioning technology used in this paper is greatly reduced, the positioning accuracy is significantly improved,and can get three-dimensional coordinates.

Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Ti,Zr)O3 (PMnN-PZT) powders were synthesized by a hybrid method of sol-gel and ultrasonic atomization. The study shows that the resulting powder is pure, homogeneous and possesses a reasonably fine particle size. It is also believed to be applicable to other materials that can be processed via the technique.

The effects of SiO2 additives on microstructure, piezoelectric and mechanical properties were investigated for Pb0.98Sr0.02(Mn1/3Sb2/3)0.05Zro.48Ti0.47O3 (PMS-PZT) ternary system close to the morphotropic phase boundary. Piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and electromechanical coupling factor (Kp) considerably deteriorated with the substitution of SiO2 increased. On the other hand, the mechanical quality factor (Qm) increased, the maximum value was 1800. Fracture strength of 1.0 wt% SiO2 added the specimens reached to 106.54 MPa which was about 1.4 times higher than pure PMS-PZT ceramic. The rapid improvement of fracture strength probably due to the decrease of grain size, pore distribute and the second phase (redundant Si4+ ions) segregating on the grain boundary which enhanced the bond energy of grain boundary. The optimized concentration of SiO2 doped PMS-PZT ceramics was 0.4 wt% for high power application: d33 = 300 PC/N, Kp = 0.51, Qm = 1500, tand = 0.32% and the fracture strength was 88.5MPa.

This paper aims at the determination of the effects of strontium addition on the microstructural evolution and the piezoelectric properties for Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMnN-PZT) ceramics. The Sr content was chosen in the range of 2-8 mol%. These materials were prepared by the solid phase reaction of the oxides. It was found, from the experimental results, the tetragonality of the PMnN-PZT lattice and the Curie temperature decreased with Sr content; in the meantime, dielectric constant increased greatly. Dielectric constant (er) and planar coupling factor (Kp) was proven to be dependent on sintering temperature. P-E curves of PMnN-PZT system exhibited some “pinched” shape instead of the normal square-like P-E loops, illustrating presence of the oxygen vacancies by reason of the preferable substitution of the B-sites ion.

Previous studies have demonstrated that hydrogen-rich saline (HS) protects against bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Mitochondria, which are targets of excessive reactive oxygen species and central mediators of apoptosis, have a pivotal role in hepatic injury during obstructive jaundice (OJ); however, the implications of HS in the hepatic mitochondria of BDL mice remain unknown. The present study investigated the hypothesis that HS could reduce OJ‑induced liver injury through the protection of mitochondrial structure and function, as well as inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three experimental groups: Sham operation group, BDL injury with normal saline (NS) treatment group, and BDL‑injury with HS treatment group. Mitochondrial damage and apoptotic parameters were determined 3 days post‑BDL injury and treatment. The results demonstrated that mitochondria isolated from the livers of NS-treated BDL mice exhibited increased mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and oxidative damage. In addition, liver samples from NS‑treated BDL mice exhibited significant increases in B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein expression, caspase activities, and hepatocyte apoptosis compared with livers from sham‑operated controls. Notably, treatment with HS reduced the levels of these markers and alleviated morphological defects in the mitochondria following injury. In addition, HS markedly increased the antioxidant potential of mitochondria, as evidenced by elevated adenosine triphosphate levels, mitochondrial respiratory function, and increased levels of active Bcl‑2. In conclusion, HS attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction, and inhibits mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in the livers of BDL mice.

The frequency, temperature, tetragonality and aging degree dependences of the hysteresis loops in Pb[(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.95(Mn1/3Nb2/3)0.05]O3 (PMnN-PZT) ceramics have been investigated. The polarization-field hysteresis curves show some double loop at room temperature or higher frequencies, whereas they display normal square-like loops at 200° or frequencies lower than 10 mHz. It is also found that a smaller tetragonality of the specimen leads to the normal loop when the measurement is performed at 200°. A small A.C disturbing field can change the double loop to normal one. Critical ferroelectric features such as coercive field, polarization, and internal bias field show strong frequency, temperature or aging degree dependences. The close relations between the P-E loops and the above situations indicate that the defect dipoles pin the switching of the regular dipoles, resulting in the double loop of the P-E curve. It is suggested that there exists a typical relaxation time corresponding to the reori...

The frequency and temperature dependences of the hysteresis loops in Pb[(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.95(Mn1/3Nb2/3)0.05]O3 ceramics have been investigated. The polarization-field hysteresis curves show ‘pinched’ shapes at room temperature and higher frequencies, whereas they display normal square-like loops at 200uC and frequencies lower than 10 mHz. Critical ferroelectric features such as the coercive field, polarization and internal bias field show a strong frequency or temperature dependence. The close relations between the P –E loops and the applied frequency and temperature indicate that the defect dipolar moment may change its magnitude with variation of the frequency or temperature. Comparing with the intrinsic depinning procedure induced by the changes in the distribution of defect dipoles, we provide new evidence for an extrinsic depinning mechanism of the defect dipoles in the bulk ceramics.

The use of lead zirconate titanate ceramics for high power application must have superior mechanical properties, the composition Pb0.98Sr0.02(Mn1/3Sb2/3)0.05Zro.48Ti0.47O3 + x wt% SiO2 (x = 0-1.0) have been studied for this purpose. The microstructures were observed to study the improvement of mechanical properties by SEM and TEM. The nano-scale secondary phase of SiO2 and PbSiO3 were observed on the grain boundary and the twinned ZrO2 was found surrounded by PMS-PZT perovskite phase. The mechanism to the occurrence of twinned ZrO2 and its content increased with increasing Si concentration are discussed in the paper. The occurrence of the nonferroelectric phase such as ZrO2, SiO2 and PbSiO3 on the grain boundary should be the main reason for great improvement of fracture strength.

Hepatic lymphangiomas, malformations of the liver lymphatic system, are extremely rare conditions in adults. A 41-year-old man presented with right upper abdominal pain for 6 months was introduced in this report. Ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a giant cystictumor with a pedunculatedextrahepatic growth pattern. Due to diagnostic uncertainty, a partial hepatectomy was performed and pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of solitary hepatic lymphangioma. In this article, we reviewed the clinical and pathology features, preoperative diagnostic challenges, and treatments of hepaticlymphangiomas.

To assess the effect of Klotho gene transduction on the progression of hypertension and heart damage in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs).An adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying full-length mouse Klotho cDNA (rAAV.mKL) was constructed for in vivo expression of Klotho. Three different groups of male SHRs and a control group of sex and age-matched Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (5 rats per group) were used. The experimental groups of SHRs received an IV injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), rAAV.mKL and rAAV.EGFP, respectively. The control group only received equal-volume of PBS. The whole study has spanned 12 weeks. Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin were measured with ELISA. The weight of whole heart was measured to calculate the heart weight index (HWI). EGFP expression of heart frozen sections was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Expression of mRNA and protein of Klotho, IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and p-Akt were determined with RT-PCR, immunohistochemical analysis, and Western blotting. Hypertrophic myocardial cell and collagen fiber were observed by histological examination following Haematoxylin-Eosin and Masson staining.Transduction of rAAV.mKL can significantly prevent the increase of blood pressure in SHRs. Compared with the control group, the levels of Klotho mRNA and protein have both increased, and the plasma levels of IGF-1, insulin and glucose were elevated, whereas the expression of phosphor-Akt (also called Protein Kinase B, PKB) was decreased in the rAAV.mKL group. Furthermore, a decrease of hypertrophic myocardial cells and collagen fibers was noticed in the rAAV.mKL group compared with the control group.The Klotho gene can attenuate the progression of hypertension and abolishes myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. The protective effect observed in the rAAV.mKL group of SHRs may be attributed to increased Klotho protein and suppression of insulin and IGF-1 signaling pathways through inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.

A miniaturized and high stopband rejection bandpass filter(BPF) with three finite transmission zeros is presented in this paper. The BPF with a central frequency of 3.2 GHz and 200 MHz bandwidth is implemented in a novel distributed stripline configuration using LTCC (low-temperature-cofired ceramic) technology. A distinct feature of this filter is excellent out-of-band attenuation performance. The lower skirt of the passband is very steep. There is 34.6dB attenuation at 3.0 GHz, the input/output VSWR is less than 1.4. We employ Z-shape layer to produce the lower 2 transmission zeros. By properly controlling the cross-coupling between the second and the fourth resonator, transmission zero in higher skirt of the passband will be generated. Measurement results of mass production are shown to match well with the electromagnetic simulation, which validate the proposed structure. The overall size of the filter is 4.8mm×4.2mm×1.5 mm.

A miniaturized and high stopband rejection bandpass filter(BPF) with three finite transmission zeros is presented in this paper. The BPF with a central frequency of 3.4 GHz and 200 MHz bandwidth is implemented in a novel distributed stripline configuration using LTCC (low-temperature-cofired ceramic) technology. A distinct feature of this filter is excellent out-of-band attenuation performance. The lower skirt of the passband is very steep. There is 36.5dB attenuation at 3.2 GHz, the input/output VSWR is less than 1.4. We employ Z-shape layer to produce the lower 2 transmission zeros. By properly controlling the cross-coupling between the second and the fourth resonator, transmission zero in higher skirt of the passband will be generated. Measurement results of mass production are shown to match well with the electromagnetic simulation, which validate the proposed structure. The overall size of the filter is 4.8mm×4.2mm×1.5 mm.

A low-temperature-cofired ceramic (LTCC) bandpass filter with low insertion loss and high image rejection is presented for super heterodyne microwave receiver within 6.5–7.1GHz band. By improving the filter cell structure, two transmission zeros can be generated to achieve wide-band image suppression from cascading filter cells. The presented method provides the design flexibility of locating these transmission zeros distributed in the lower and upper stopbands. To reduce insertion loss and size of the filter, a miniaturized LTCC three-stage bandpass filter with two transmission zeros in lower stopband has been implemented for experimental demonstration. The measured insertion loss is less than 1.0 dB at 6.8GHz, the measured image rejection from 5 to 5.6GHz is more than 42dB, the input/output VSWR is less than 1.5. The size of the miniaturized filter is only 2.5mm×2mm×1.2mm. The process yield of the LTCC filter is more than 90%.

This letter outlines the design and manufacture of a miniaturized bandpass filter realized by low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology for bluetooth applications. The bandpass filter with a central frequency of 2450 MHz and a 100 MHz passband is designed as a three-dimensional (3-D) structure based on lumped components. Experimental measurements were compared with modeling. The insertion losses in the passband (100 MHz) were less than 1.2 dB and the attenuation was more than 20 dB in the stop band. The area occupied by the filter is 1.6times0.8times0.6 mm3.

This paper presents a new compact 90deg hybrid coupler using multi-layer technology. In order to reduce an intrinsic circuit area of the hybrid coupler, a compact meandered line configuration and a new multi-layer structure design have been adopted. The configuration and structural dimensions of the multi-layer structure were designed and investigated through detailed 3-D electro-magnetic simulations. The measured insertion loss is less than 0.4 dB, and the phase imbalance is less than 3 degree with the frequency range from 380 MHz to 520 MHz. The overall dimension is as small as 16.5 mm times 12.2 mm times 1.66 mm.