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2. BaHf 0.05 Ti 0.95 O 3 Ceramics from Sol–Gel and Solid-State Processes: Application to the Modelling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters.

Author

Brault, Damien, Boy, Philippe, Levassort, Franck, Poulin-Vittrant, Guylaine, Bantignies, Claire, Hoang, Thien, and Bavencoffe, Maxime

Subjects
SOL-gel processes, LEAD zirconate titanate, PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics, SOL-gel materials, PIEZOELECTRIC materials, CERAMICS
Abstract

A typical piezoelectric energy harvester is a bimorph cantilever with two layers of piezoelectric material on both sides of a flexible substrate. Piezoelectric layers of lead-based materials, typically lead zirconate titanate, have been mainly used due to their outstanding piezoelectric properties. However, due to lead toxicity and environmental problems, there is a need to replace them with environmentally benign materials. Here, our main efforts were focused on the preparation of hafnium-doped barium titanate (BaHfxTi1−xO3; BHT) sol–gel materials. The original process developed makes it possible to obtain a highly concentrated sol without strong organic complexing agents. Sol aging and concentration can be controlled to obtain a time-stable sol for a few months at room temperature, with desired viscosity and colloidal sizes. Densified bulk materials obtained from this optimized sol are compared with a solid-state synthesis, and both show good electromechanical properties: their thickness coupling factor kt values are around 53% and 47%, respectively, and their converse piezoelectric coefficient d 33 ∗ values are around 420 and 330 pm/V, respectively. According to the electromechanical properties, the theoretical behavior in a bimorph configuration can be simulated to predict the resonance and anti-resonance frequencies and the corresponding output power values to help to design the final device. In the present case, the bimorph configuration based on BHT sol–gel material is designed to harvest ambient vibrations at low frequency (<200 Hz). It gives a maximum normalized volumetric power density of 0.03 µW/mm3/Hz/g2 at 154 Hz under an acceleration of 0.05 m/s2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. High-Frequency Linear Array (20 MHz) Based on Lead-Free BCTZ Crystal

Author

Bantignies, Claire, Rouffaud, Remi, Buse, Gabriel, Veber, Philippe, Cabane, Hugues, Borta-Boyon, Ana, Thi, Mai Pham, Mauchamp, Pascal, Lejeune, A., Maglione, Mario, Colin, Laurent, Bale, Antoine, Flesch, Martin, and Levassort, Franck

Abstract

Centimeter-sized BaTiO3-based crystals grown by top-seeded solution growth from the BaTiO3–CaTiO3–BaZrO3 system were used to process a high-frequency (HF) lead-free linear array. Piezoelectric plates with (110)pc cut within 1° accuracy were used to manufacture two 1–3 piezo-composites with thicknesses of 270 and $78 \mu \text{m}$ for resonant frequencies in air of 10 and 30 MHz, respectively. The electromechanical characterization of the BCTZ crystal plates and the 10-MHz piezocomposite yielded the thickness coupling factors of 40% and 50%, respectively. We quantified the electromechanical performance of the second piezocomposite (30 MHz) according to the reduction in the pillar sizes during the fabrication process. The dimensions of the piezocomposite at 30 MHz were sufficient for a 128-element array with a 70- $\mu \text{m}$ element pitch and a 1.5-mm elevation aperture. The transducer stack (backing, matching layers, lens, and electrical components) was tuned with the characteristics of the lead-free materials to deliver optimal bandwidth and sensitivity. The probe was connected to a real-time HF 128-channel echographic system for acoustic characterization (electroacoustic response and radiation pattern) and to acquire high-resolution in vivo images of human skin. The center frequency of the experimental probe was 20 MHz, and the fractional bandwidth at −6 dB was 41%. Skin images were compared against those obtained with a lead-based 20-MHz commercial imaging probe. Despite significant differences in sensitivity between elements, in vivo images obtained with a BCTZ-based probe convincingly demonstrated the potential of integrating this piezoelectric material in an imaging probe.

Published
2024
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4. Large Matrix Array Aperture for 3D Vascular Imaging Capture

Author

Colas, Quorentin, primary, Bantignies, Claire, additional, Perroteau, Marie, additional, Porcher, Nicolas, additional, Vassal, Steeven, additional, Guerif, Benjamin, additional, Kim, Taehoon, additional, Bosch, Johan G., additional, de Jong, Nico, additional, Verweij, Martin D., additional, Pertijs, Michiel A. P., additional, Ferin, Guillaume, additional, and Flesch, Martin, additional

Published
2022
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5. Texturation of lead-free BaTiO3 based piezoelectric ceramics

Author

Marchet, Pascal, Prato, Angel, Levassort, Franck, Bantignies, Claire, Borta-Boyon, Ana, Hladky, Anne-Christine, IRCER - Axe 3 : organisation structurale multiéchelle des matériaux (IRCER-AXE3), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GREMAN (matériaux, microélectronique, acoustique et nanotechnologies) (GREMAN - UMR 7347), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vermon S.A., Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Acoustique - IEMN, Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES [France], Acoustique - IEMN (ACOUSTIQUE - IEMN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]
Abstract

oral invité; International audience; Piezoelectric ceramics have been integrated for a long time in a widerange of devices, particularly in ultrasonic applications (sonar systems,medical imaging...) and most of them use Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) materials.However, due to health care and environmental problems, lead contentmust be reduced in such applications. Among the few lead-freematerials families which can be considered for the replacement of PZT,BaTiO3 appear as interesting because of its piezoelectric properties atroom temperature and capacity to be modulated by doping, even ifCurie temperature is not very high (120°C).However, ceramics are generally limited by their isotropic nature. Forthis reason, texturing process was developed in order toimprove/optimize their electromechanical properties. The aim of thepresent study is thus to obtain textured BaTiO3 based materials byusing the templated grain growth process (TGG) and to measure theirpiezoelectric properties.Doped and undoped BaTiO3 powders were prepared by classical solidstate route while BaTiO3 templates were elaborated by a molten saltsprocess. Green ceramics were then obtained by tapecasting of a slurrycontaining templates and matrix particles dispersed in theappropriated solvent. After drying, green sheet was cut, stacked,pressed and then sintered at the appropriated temperature, in order toobtain thick or thin samples. This process allowed obtaining highlyorientedmaterials (texturation degree 70% to 90%). Piezoelectricproperties were investigated, for doped and undoped samples, and fordifferent sintering parameters. Some samples appears as veryinteresting for piezoelectric applications with d33* higher than 300 pC/N, against 180 pC/N for BaTiO3 ceramics obtained by classical way.

Published
2020

6. Numerical and experimental study of thinned-bulk piezoelectric harvesters

Author

Hoang, Thien, Bavencoffe, Maxime, Férin, Guillaume, Levassort, Franck, Bantignies, Claire, Nguyen-Dinh, An, Lethiecq, Marc, Poulin-Vittrant, Guylaine, Vermon S.A., GREMAN (matériaux, microélectronique, acoustique et nanotechnologies) (GREMAN - UMR 7347), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Poulin-Vittrant, Guylaine, Université de Tours-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience; Bulk piezoelectric cantilever beams are mostly assembled under serial bimorph topologies where the piezoelectric material is laminated around an inner shim material. The two PZT layers exhibit an individual thickness ranging from few tens to hundreds of micrometers according to the targeted application and its miniaturization requests. Designing such devices becomes a challenge and one needs FEM (finite element model) to properly define material thicknesses and overall piezoelectric energy harvester geometries. Unfortunately, bulk piezoelectric material are characterized using thicker samples which provide results slightly different from the actual characteristics of thinned-bulk piezoelectric materials. Previous works have addressed an approach to study the thin piezoelectric material layer relying on the electrical admittance analysis. Then, the effective coefficients of thinned-bulk piezoelectric material are identified and entered in a 3D FEM of the PZT layer. The electrical admittance is calculated, showing a good agreement with the experimental measurements.

Published
2019

7. Parametric study of a thin piezoelectric cantilever for energy harvesting applications

Author

Hoang, Thien, Ferin, Guillaume, Rosinski, Bogdan, Bantignies, Claire, LeKhanh, Hung, Nguyen-Dinh, A., Poulin-Vittrant, Guylaine, Levassort, Franck, Bavencoffe, Maxime, GREMAN (matériaux, microélectronique, acoustique et nanotechnologies) (GREMAN - UMR 7347), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vermon S.A., and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

15. 1-3 Piezocomposites Based on Super-Cell Structuring for Transducer Applications

Author

Rouffaud, Rémi, Levassort, Franck, Lethiecq, Marc, Pham Thi, Mai, Hladky, Anne-Christine, Bantignies, Claire, GREMAN (matériaux, microélectronique, acoustique et nanotechnologies) (GREMAN - UMR 7347), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES [France], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), THALES, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Transducer, Numerical modeling, Piezoelectricity, Composite, Fabrication method, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; —In ultrasound transducers, the most popular fabrication method for 1-3 piezocomposites is the « dice and fill » method where lateral periodicity p is introduced and leads to the occurrence of lateral modes. These spurious modes can drastically damage the performance of the device if they appear near its thickness (h) mode, thus limiting the operational frequency range. In order to overcome the previous limitations while maintaining a good electromechanical efficiency for the 1-3 piezocomposites, a new fabrication method based on lamination is proposed. The piezocomposite is partially regular with a super-cell structure composed of five piezoelectric rods and two different pitches in one direction. The chosen cell shape allows numerical modeling to be performed (ATILA software). This study is made in the frequency range 0.4-1.3 MHz. Experimental results (electroacoustic responses in water) confirm those obtained with the numerical simulations, showing that the super-cell composite can be used in a larger range of frequencies than regular composites, while keeping similar sensitivity and bandwidth.

Published
2015
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21. 40 MHz piezo-composite linear array and integration in a high resolution system.

Author

Bantignies, Claire, Mauchamp, Pascal, Dufait, Remi, Levassort, Franck, Mateo, Tony, Gregoire, Jean-Marc, and Ossant, Frederic

Abstract

Evolution of high resolution ultrasonic imaging is widely dependent on the development of efficient high frequency piezoelectric transducers. Nowadays, efforts are focused on the fabrication of linear arrays in the 40–50 MHz frequency range for dermatology, ophthalmology and small animals imaging. At these frequencies, technological aspects are predominant at several stages of the array fabrication due to typical dimensions of the constitutive elements (few tens of micrometers). Moreover, the development of the imaging system and associated beamforming specifically adapted is of primary interest to optimize the use of the corresponding array and consequently image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2011
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