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3. Non-Conditional and Conditional Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma Per Millimeter-By-Millimeter in Thickness in 8034 Patients.

Author

Sener, Hidayet, Bansal, Rolika, Catapano, Thomas, Shields, Jerry A., and Shields, Carol L.

Subjects
*OVERALL survival, *REGRESSION analysis, *METASTASIS, *MELANOMA, *PROGNOSIS, *UVEA cancer
Abstract

PurposeMethodsResultsConclusionTo determine the impact of uveal melanoma thickness on patient survival from the date of presentation and at specific time intervals following metastasis-free survival.In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated data from 8034 consecutive uveal melanoma patients diagnosed at a tertiary care ocular oncology center between May 1972 and August 2007. The patients were categorized on the basis of tumor thickness (per each 1-mm increment) and evaluated for non-conditional survival (from date of presentation) and conditional survival (with 3-years, 5-years, and 10-years of metastasis-free survival) on the cumulative incidence of melanoma-related metastasis at 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25- and 30-years.For the entire cohort, Non-conditional incidence of metastasis at 5-, 10-, 15-, and 30-years was 8%, 11%, 12%, and 12%. Conditional cumulative incidence of metastasis with 5-year and 10-year metastasis-free survival revealed 30-year incidence of metastasis at 10% and 8%, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that each 1-mm increase in tumor thickness was associated with a significant (p < .05) increase in the risk of metastasis [HR: 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05–1.11) for non-conditional survival, HR: 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03–1.11) for 3-year metastasis-free survival, HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03–1.15) for 5-year metastasis-free survival, and HR: 1.17 (95% CI: 1.05–1.30) for 10-year metastasis-free survival].In this study, we emphasize that increasing the thickness of uveal melanoma at presentation demonstrates a poorer ultimate prognosis. However, those with longer metastasis-free intervals were found to have a lower risk of ultimate metastatic disease, highlighting the importance of conditional and non-conditional survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Metastasis‐free survival of uveal melanoma by tumour size category based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification in 1001 cases.

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Sener, Hidayet, Ganguly, Arupa, Shields, Jerry A., and Shields, Carol L.

Subjects
*UVEA, *CYTOGENETICS, *MELANOMA, *TUMORS, *GENOMES, *UVEA cancer
Abstract

Background Methods Results Conclusion Uveal melanoma (UM) can be classified by tumour size category and by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) groups (cytogenetic‐based, 4‐category prognostic classification into Groups A‐D). This study was conducted to assess impact on metastasis‐free survival (MFS) in UM by tumour size category based on correlation with TCGA classification.Retrospective analysis of 1001 cases categorised as small (0.0–3.0 mm), medium (3.1–8.0 mm) and large (≥8.1 mm), grouped by TCGA classification.Of 1001 cases, TCGA Groups (A/B/C/D) included small (n = 270, 75%/11%/13%/1%), medium (n = 503, 46%/14%/27%/13%) and large (n = 228, 23%/19%/38%/20%) UM. The 5‐and 10‐year Kaplan–Meier MFS for small UM revealed Group A (98%, 98%), Group B (100%, 100%), Group C (86%, NA) and Group D (100%, NA). For medium UM, the values dropped with Group A (95%, 93%), Group B (90%, 90%), Group C (68%, 38%), and Group D (44%, NA). For large UM, the values dropped further with Group A (94%, 86%), Group B (85%, NA), Group C (40%, 28%), and Group D (23%, NA). Additionally, a comparison (small vs. medium vs. large tumour size category) revealed TCGA low‐risk grouping (Groups A or B) in 86% vs. 60% vs. 58% cases with UM.By tumour size category, favourable cytogenetics (Groups A or B) is found in 86% of small tumours, 60% of medium tumours, and 58% of large tumours. The MFS at 10 years for favourable cytogenetics was 98% for small tumours, 92% for medium tumours, and 54% for large tumours. Tumour size category can serve as a surrogate for TCGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. The symphony of humility and healing - Susan Day

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Schwab, Ivan, Hsu-Winges, Charlene, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Health, Louisiana State University, American Academy of Ophthalmology
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Ivan. Schwab, Charlene. Hsu-Winges, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar An interesting fact is that no one knows who invented music. No one knows who sang the first song, [...]

Published
2023

9. A multi-dimensional reality: Carol Lally Shields

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Women physicians -- Appreciation, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar 'The question isn't who's going to let me; it's who is going to stop me .' - Ayn Rand The legendary woman who [...]

Published
2023

10. Backpacking through the pinnacles of ophthalmology - The journey of Bharti Lavingia

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Bhagat, Purvi, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Lavingia, Bharti -- Appreciation, Ophthalmologists -- Appreciation -- Biography, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Purvi. Bhagat, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar ' Everyone wants to live on top of the mountain, but all the happiness and growth occurs while you are climbing [...]

Published
2023

11. Silent tears and the loud mimic

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Marem, Christy, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Visual acuity -- Analysis, Eye -- Medical examination, Eyelids -- Inflammation, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Christy. Marem, Santosh. Honavar A 57-year-old gentleman presented with a bilateral (OU) upper eyelid swelling since a month along with gritty sensation in the eyes. There was [...]

Published
2023

12. The evolution of women ophthalmologists in India

Author

Sharma, Mohita, Bansal, Rolika, Nangia, Aarti, Spivey, Bruce, Gupta, Sahil, Unadkat, Ruju, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Women physicians -- Health aspects -- Social aspects, Sex discrimination -- Methods, Ophthalmology -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Byline: Mohita. Sharma, Rolika. Bansal, Aarti. Nangia, Bruce. Spivey, Sahil. Gupta, Ruju. Unadkat, Santosh. Honavar While the 19th century witnessed an upsurge of women in ophthalmology in different parts of [...]

Published
2023

13. The 'Influence' of social media on the ophthalmology fraternity

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Gupta, Rajiv, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Ophthalmologists -- Social aspects -- Ethical aspects -- Technology application, Online social networks -- Usage -- Health aspects -- Ethical aspects, Technology application, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Rajiv. Gupta, Santosh. Honavar 'Figuring out what the next big trend is, tells us what we should focus on.' - Mark Zuckerberg Change is definitely the only [...]

Published
2023

14. Through the prism of inspiration - Dr. P. Vijayalakshmi

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Kim, R., Bhaskaran, Sahithya, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Vijayalakshmi, P. -- Appreciation, Ophthalmologists -- Appreciation -- Biography, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, R. Kim, Sahithya. Bhaskaran, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar ' Try to be a rainbow in someone else's cloud. ' - Maya Angelou In 1672, Sir Issac Newton [...]

Published
2023

15. Commentary: For every dark night, there is a brighter day

Author

Bansal, Rolika

Subjects
Amphotericin B -- Dosage and administration, Mucormycosis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal ' Someday all you will have to light your way will be a single ray of hope and that will be enough.' - Kobi Yamada The COVID-19 [...]

Published
2023

16. The Warrior Soul of the Soil with an Evergreen Vision - Dr. Govindappa Natchiar

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Krishnadas, R., Kim, R., Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Natchiar, Govindappa -- Appreciation, Ophthalmologists -- Appreciation -- Biography, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, R. Krishnadas, R. Kim, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar 'Eye surgery is an art. You work in such a tiny space, and if you create a beautiful job, [...]

Published
2023

17. The lady in white, from the city of oranges - Sudha Sutaria

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Pangarkar, Anand, Agnihotri, Prashant, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Ophthalmologists -- Appreciation, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Anand. Pangarkar, Prashant. Agnihotri, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar 'The magic lies within, and if you find the initial spark, spread it like fire to all those around [...]

Published
2023

18. A walk down the memory lane with Vasundhara Kalevar

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Sharma, Mohita, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Ophthalmologists -- Appreciation, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Mohita. Sharma, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar 'The flashbacks are a great way to give answers to the story.' - Sarah Michelle Gellar While we tried to explore [...]

Published
2022

19. Olga Maria Ferrer: Making the retina picturesque

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Ophthalmologists -- Appreciation, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar The critical question is not 'How can I achieve?' but 'What can I contribute?' - Peter F. Drucker Imaging and lasers have revolutionized [...]

Published
2022

20. Marilyn T. Miller: A trailblazer with a vision for sight sans frontiers

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Ophthalmologists -- Appreciation, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar ' Every child you encounter is a divine appointment .' - Dr. Wess Stafford Dr. Marilyn T. Miller strongly believed in this concept, [...]

Published
2022

21. 'Know your worth!' - Author ranking indices

Author

Bansal, Rolika and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Ophthalmology -- Research, Publishing industry -- Information management, Publishing industry, Company systems management, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Santosh. Honavar 'Rank does not confer privilege or give power. It imposes responsibility.' - Peter Drucker Over the years, research has come in power and it wears [...]

Published
2022

23. Helena Biantovskaya Fedukowicz: An epitome of contagious passion and spirit

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Ophthalmologists -- Appreciation, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar ' History has shown us that courage can be contagious, and hope can take on a life of its own .' - Michelle [...]

Published
2022

24. The Alice who created a wonderland - Alice Ruth McPherson

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, Straatsma, Bradley, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
McPherson, Alice Ruth -- Appreciation -- Works, Physicians -- Appreciation -- Works, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Bradley. Straatsma, Santosh. Honavar Once upon a time, in the 20th century was born a little girl, Alice, blessed with a potential beyond her own [...]

Published
2022

28. Response to the comment on Women in ophthalmology - An upsurge!

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar Dear Editor, We thank the author for reading our published work, 'Women in Ophthalmology - An upsurge!' and for her noble thoughts. We [...]

Published
2022

29. La Vie En Rose - Daniele Sylvie Aron-Rosa

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Aron-Rosa, Daniele Sylvie, Physicians -- Biography, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar ' Creativity is intelligence having fun .' - Albert Einstein Creativity when blended with intelligence in perfect proportions results in revolutions that bring [...]

Published
2022

30. Helenor Campbell Wilder Foerster

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Foerster, Helenor Campbell Wilder, Ophthalmologists -- Biography, Women physicians -- Biography, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar ' It's the attention to detail that makes the difference between average and stunning .' - Francis Atterbury Over eight decades of her [...]

Published
2022

31. Euphan Montgomerie Maxwell: The Irish powerhouse

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Maxwell, Euphan Montgomerie, Ophthalmologists -- Biography, Women physicians -- Biography, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar ' Life isn't about finding yourself. Life is about creating yourself .' - George Bernard Shaw The first female ophthalmic surgeon in Ireland, [...]

Published
2022

32. External photography - Get it right

Author

Honavar, Santosh and Bansal, Rolika

Subjects
Photography, Medical -- Methods -- History -- Technology application, Ophthalmology -- Technology application -- Methods, Technology application, Health
Abstract

Byline: Santosh. Honavar, Rolika. Bansal ' Photography is an art of teleporting the past into the future .' - Mehmet Murat Ildan Over the last two centuries, photography has undergone [...]

Published
2022

33. Women in ophthalmology - An upsurge!

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Carvill, Lizzie Maud, Arroyo Villaverde de Marquez, Trinidad, Ellaby, Charloette Louisa, Mashkotseva, Olga Arkadeovna, Barton, Amy Stokes, Sargent, Elizabeth, Ophthalmologists -- Biography, Women in medicine -- Biography, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar [INLINE:1] 'For most of history, anonymous was a woman' - Virginia Woolf The 19th century was the period wherein women all over the [...]

Published
2022

34. Orbital dermoid cyst

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Honavar, Santosh, Talloju, Shiva, and Mulay, Kaustubh

Subjects
Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Santosh. Honavar, Shiva. Talloju, Kaustubh. Mulay Background: Dermoid cyst, a developmental benign choristoma, is the most common orbital tumor of childhood, arising from ectodermal sequestration along the [...]

Published
2022

35. PXF, the power of the X-factor - Georgiana Dvorak-Theobald

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Dvorak-Theobald, Georgiana -- Appreciation, Ophthalmologists -- Appreciation -- Biography, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar 'Inch forward slowly my footing uncertain no conception of what lies ahead Could be a golden path leading to glory might be quicksand [...]

Published
2022

36. The woman of the firsts - Isabel Hayes Chapin Barrows

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Spivey, Bruce, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Barrows, Isabel Chapin -- Biography, Ophthalmologists -- Biography, Women physicians -- Biography, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Bruce. Spivey, Santosh. Honavar 'I alone cannot change the world, but I can cast a stone across the waters to create many ripples' - Mother Teresa Over [...]

Published
2022

37. Impact of COVID-19 nationwide lockdown on retinoblastoma treatment and outcome: A study of 476 eyes of 326 children

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Aishwarya, Ankita, Rao, Raksha, Christy, Marem, Sen, Mrittika, Regani, Harika, Bagai, Poonam, Reddy, Vijay, Mulay, Kaustubh, Bongoni, Pramila, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Epidemics -- Control -- Influence -- India, Retinoblastoma -- Care and treatment -- Complications and side effects -- Patient outcomes, Tumors in children -- Care and treatment -- Complications and side effects -- Patient outcomes, Pediatric research, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Ankita. Aishwarya, Raksha. Rao, Marem. Christy, Mrittika. Sen, Harika. Regani, Poonam. Bagai, Vijay. Reddy, Kaustubh. Mulay, Pramila. Bongoni, Santosh. Honavar Purpose: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and [...]

Published
2021

40. Extraocular and metastatic retinoblastoma: A problem of low-middle income countries

Author

Mahajan, Amita, primary, Bansal, Rolika, additional, Meel, Rachna, additional, Das, Sima, additional, Bhattacharjee, Kasturi, additional, Tripathy, Devjyoti, additional, Singh, Usha, additional, Verma, Nishant, additional, Shah, Parag, additional, Ali, Mobashir Sarfraz, additional, Ghosh, Asim, additional, Bakhshi, Sameer, additional, Seth, Rachna, additional, Lomi, Neiwete, additional, Chahar, Shaifali, additional, Pershad, Subhav, additional, Singh, Aakar, additional, and Honavar, Santosh, additional

Published
2023
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45. From hazy dusk till dawn

Author

Bansal, Rolika, Majji, Ajit, Reddy, Ashok, and Honavar, Santosh

Subjects
Endophthalmitis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Tests, problems and exercises, Candidiasis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Tests, problems and exercises, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rolika. Bansal, Ajit. Majji, Ashok. Reddy, Santosh. Honavar Case A 70-year-old Asian Indian male, after recovery from COVID-19 40 days ago, presented with decreased visual acuity in the right [...]

Published
2021

46. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid viscoelastic scleral implant in trabeculectomy

Author

Mudhol, Rekha and Bansal, Rolika

Subjects
Hyaluronic acid -- Usage, Glaucoma -- Care and treatment -- Patient outcomes, Trabeculectomy -- Methods -- Equipment and supplies -- Patient outcomes, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rekha. Mudhol, Rolika. Bansal Purpose: Patients with glaucoma undergoing trabeculectomy develop bleb cicatrix causing poor postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) control and low success rates. Several approaches have been explored [...]

Published
2021

48. Epidemiology, clinical profile, management, and outcome of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in 2826 patients in India – Collaborative OPAI-IJO Study on Mucormycosis in COVID-19 (COSMIC), Report 1

Author

Sen, Mrittika, Honavar, Santosh G, Bansal, Rolika, Sengupta, Sabyasachi, Rao, Raksha, Kim, Usha, Sharma, Mukesh, Sachdev, Mahipal, Grover, Ashok K, Surve, Abhidnya, Budharapu, Abhishek, Ramadhin, Abhishek K, Tripathi, Abhishek Kumar, Gupta, Adit, Bhargava, Aditya, Sahu, Animesh, Khairnar, Anjali, Kochar, Anju, Madhavani, Ankita, Shrivastava, Ankur K, Desai, Anuja K, Paul, Anujeet, Ayyar, Anuradha, Bhatnagar, Aparna, Singhal, Aparna, Nikose, Archana Sunil, Bhargava, Arun, Tenagi, Arvind L, Kamble, Ashish, Nariani, Ashiyana, Patel, Bhavin, Kashyap, Bibbhuti, Dhawan, Bodhraj, Vohra, Busaraben, Mandke, Charuta, Thrishulamurthy, Chinmayee, Sambare, Chitra, Sarkar, Deepayan, Mankad, Devashi Shirishbhai, Maheshwari, Dhwani, Lalwani, Dilip, Kanani, Dipti, Patel, Diti, Manjandavida, Fairooz P, Godhani, Frenali, Agarwal, Garima Amol, Ravulaparthi, Gayatri, Shilpa, Gondhi Vijay, Deshpande, Gunjan, Thakkar, Hansa, Shah, Hardik, Ojha, Hare Ram, Jani, Harsha, Gontia, Jyoti, Mishrikotkar, Jyotika P, Likhari, Kamalpreet, Prajapati, Kamini, Porwal, Kavita, Koka, Kirthi, Dharawat, Kulveer Singh, Ramamurthy, Lakshmi B, Bhattacharyya, Mainak, Saini, Manorama, Christy, Marem C, Das, Mausumi, Hada, Maya, Panchal, Mehul, Pandharpurkar, Modini, Ali, Mohammad Osman, Porwal, Mukesh, Gangashetappa, Nagaraju, Mehrotra, Neelima, Bijlani, Neha, Gajendragadkar, Nidhi, Nagarkar, Nitin M, Modi, Palak, Rewri, Parveen, Sao, Piyushi, Patil, Prajakta Salunkhe, Giri, Pramod, Kapadia, Priti, Yadav, Priti, Bhagat, Purvi, Parekh, Ragini, Dyaberi, Rajashekhar, Chauhan, Rajender Singh, Kaur, Rajwinder, Duvesh, Ram Kishan, Murthy, Ramesh, Dandu, Ravi Varma, Kathiara, Ravija, Beri, Renu, Pandit, Rinal, Rani, Rita Hepsi, Gupta, Roshmi, Pherwani, Ruchi, Sapkal, Rujuta, Mehta, Rupa, Tadepalli, Sameeksha, Fatima, Samra, Karmarkar, Sandeep, Patil, Sandeep Suresh, Shah, Sanjana, Shah, Sankit, Shah, Sapan, Dubey, Sarika, Gandhi, Saurin, Kanakpur, Savitha, Mohan, Shalini, Bhomaj, Sharad, Kerkar, Sheela, Jariwala, Shivani, Sahu, Shivati, Tara, Shruthi, Maru, Shruti Kochar, Jhavar, Shubha, Sharma, Shubhda, Gupta, Shweta, Kumari, Shwetha, Das, Sima, Menon, Smita, Burkule, Snehal, Nisar, Sonam Poonam, Kaliaperumal, Subashini, Rao, Subramanya, Pakrasi, Sudipto, Rathod, Sujatha, Biradar, Sunil G, Kumar, Suresh, Dutt, Susheen, Bansal, Svati, Ravani, Swati Amulbhai, Lohiya, Sweta, Rizvi, Syed Wajahat Ali, Gokhale, Tanmay, Lahane, Tatyarao P, Vukkadala, Tejaswini, Grover, Triveni, Bhesaniya, Trupti, Chawla, Urmil, Singh, Usha, Une, Vaishali L, Nandedkar, Varsha, Subramaniam, Venkata, Eswaran, Vidya, Chaudhary, Vidya Nair, Rangarajan, Viji, Dehane, Vipin, Sahasrabudhe, Vivek M, Sowjanya, Yarra, Tupkary, Yashaswini, and Phadke, Yogita

Subjects
rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, Male, Antifungal Agents, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19-associated ROCM, COVID-19, India, Middle Aged, staging of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, mucormycosis, Expedited Publication, Original Article, COVID-19 Testing, paransal sinus debridement, diabetes mellitus, Orbital Diseases, Corticosteroids, Humans, orbital exenteration, Eye Infections, Fungal, Pandemics
Abstract

Purpose: COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) has reached epidemic proportion during India’s second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, with several risk factors being implicated in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the patient demographics, risk factors including comorbidities, and medications used to treat COVID-19, presenting symptoms and signs, and the outcome of management. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of patients with COVID-19-associated ROCM managed or co-managed by ophthalmologists in India from January 1, 2020 to May 26, 2021. Results: Of the 2826 patients, the states of Gujarat (22%) and Maharashtra (21%) reported the highest number of ROCM. The mean age of patients was 51.9 years with a male preponderance (71%). While 57% of the patients needed oxygen support for COVID-19 infection, 87% of the patients were treated with corticosteroids, (21% for > 10 days). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was present in 78% of all patients. Most of the cases showed onset of symptoms of ROCM between day 10 and day 15 from the diagnosis of COVID-19, 56% developed within 14 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, while 44% had delayed onset beyond 14 days. Orbit was involved in 72% of patients, with stage 3c forming the bulk (27%). Overall treatment included intravenous amphotericin B in 73%, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)/paranasal sinus (PNS) debridement in 56%, orbital exenteration in 15%, and both FESS/PNS debridement and orbital exenteration in 17%. Intraorbital injection of amphotericin B was administered in 22%. At final follow-up, mortality was 14%. Disease stage >3b had poorer prognosis. Paranasal sinus debridement and orbital exenteration reduced the mortality rate from 52% to 39% in patients with stage 4 disease with intracranial extension (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Corticosteroids and DM are the most important predisposing factors in the development of COVID-19-associated ROCM. COVID-19 patients must be followed up beyond recovery. Awareness of red flag symptoms and signs, high index of clinical suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and early initiation of treatment with amphotericin B, aggressive surgical debridement of the PNS, and orbital exenteration, where indicated, are essential for successful outcome.

Published
2021

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