Search

Objective Venous puncture is the process of obtaining intravenous access to get blood samples. Superficial veins of Upper-Limb, mainly dorsal metacarpal veins and median cubital veins are the commonest site for access. In order to get acquaintance about anatomic variation to perform safe venous puncture, the main objective of this study was to examine the variations in superficial veins of upper limb by using Near-Infrared Illumination Device. Methods A sample size of 50 participants (100 records of both limbs) has been documented. Staff and students of LUMHS of both genders; with the age ranging from 18-60 years, were included in the study. Tourniquet/ Blood Pressure monitor cuff application was applied to visualize superficial cubital veins. Another technique of Near-infrared illumination device (sure view vein illumination system ZD-JM-260-01) was applied to observe superficial veins of hand dorsum in adults with and without Hinna (Mehndi) causing artificial discoloration of skin. Results The Study results showed that 46(92.0%) of the total participants reported Type A right arm cubital fossa. 47(94.0%) reported Type A left cubital fossa. 15(30.0%) of the male participants had Type 6 Right hand dorsum venous arrangement. Likewise, 5(10.0%) of the female participants had Type 6 right hand dorsum venous arrangement. 14(28.0%) male participants had Type 6 Left hand dorsum venous arrangement. Similarly, 7(14.0%) males had Type 2, and 13(26.0%) males had Type 3 left hand dorsum venous arrangements. Likewise, 5(10.0%) of the female participants had Type 3 left hand dorsum venous arrangement. Moreover, 03 adult females presented with Henna (Mehndi) already applied on dorsum of hands and superficial veins were as visible as in rest of subjects without application of Henna (Mehndi). Conclusion Type-A was observed most frequently in venous arrangement in cubital fossa of both left and right arms of the participants, while Type 6 was the most generally observed type in hand dorsum of both right and left arms. Moreover. Artificial discoloration of skin caused by Henna (Mehndi) did not seem to effect the visibility of vein structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effects of oxaliplatin on gross appearance, behavior and neural tissue of albino mice and to observe prevention against oxaliplatin induced damage by glutathione. Study Design: Experimental study Place and Duration: Department of Anatomy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro in collaboration with Sindh Agricultural University TandoJam from 1st January-30th June 2015. Methodology: Adult mice (n=36) from both genders were grouped and labeled as Control (Group A), Oxaliplatin treatment (Group B), Oxaliplatin plus glutathione (Group C). The gross features (Weight, hair loss, paw edema) and behavior (heat and cold stimulation test, noise stimulation test, hearing test) of the animals were monitored and animals were sacrificed and brains were collected for the histopathology to see the effects of oxaliplatin and its prevention by glutathione. Results: The weight of the animals significantly decreased over the entire period of study as compared to control animals. Also a significant decrease was noticed in hair on the skin of front part of the body in group B. In other parameters; paw edema, mental orientation, object recognition, noise stimulation group B exhibit significant difference to control p<0.05. Heat and cold stimulation tests significantly increased in group B. Microscopic features of brain tissue also showed inflammatory and ischemic changes in group B. All gross and microscopic features were improved with the addition of glutathione. Conclusion: The toxic effects of oxaliplatin, on morphology and behavior and brain of adult albino mice were partially reversed with glutathione supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Bisphenol A (BPA) that is a monomer of plastic products may possibly interfere with epigenetics and be involved in onset and progression of several diseases. This study was aimed to detect the epigenetic effects of in utero BPA exposure in mice offspring. Materials and Methods: All experiments were performed according to the national guidelines for laboratory animals and after ethical approval. Thirty adult BALB/c female mice were divided into 3 equal groups, G1 (controls), G2 (ethanol 0.10 ml/100ml of PBS so that final concentration would be 0.01%) vehicle control and G3 (BPA 10 mg/kg). Chemicals were given twice a week throughout the pregnancy. Once delivered at term, female offspring were observed for body weight, behavior and movements. Blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) were measured at 5 and 15 months postnatal. Animals were sacrificed at 15 months and pancreas, kidney, adipose tissue and uterine tissue were taken and stained with either Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) or immunostaining and examined under light microscope. Results: Offspring of group G3 revealed abnormal changes of body weight, behavior and movements. Blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol and HDLc were high in group G3 offspring compared to controls. H & E staining showed changes in the parenchyma of pancreas, kidneys and uterus, which were confirmed by staining with anti-islet-1, kidney-specific (Ksp) cadherin, and anti-MLH antibody. Conclusion: In utero exposure of BPA exerts diabetogenic and atherogenic effects with less parenchymal tissue in endocrine pancreas, kidney and uterus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Death and morbidity are commonly occurred worldwide due to heart diseases and are becoming an increasingly important problem in the developing countries including Pakistan. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) serves as a good assessment tool to document beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in cardiac patients. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of short-term CR program on LVEF in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Study Design: Cross sectional and Case series study. Setting: Departments of Cardiology, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. Period: 1st January 2014 to 30th June 2014. Methods: 100 patients of less than 75 years of age with acute uncomplicated anterior wall or anterolateral wall MI, inferior and RV MI. Cases were randomized into two groups of age and sex matched 50 patients each. Group I (study group) patients were administered secondary prevention advice and were started on the CR exercise protocol, Group II (control group) patients were administered secondary prevention advice only. Results: At baseline, LVEF was 42.5% in the study group and 41.4% in the control group patients and was statistically comparable. After 10 weeks study group showed the LVEF of 47.78% and control group had LVEF of 42.26%. The differences are being statistically significant. Conclusion: Significant improvement in LVEF in patients who had been engaged in CR program besides the secondary prevention strategies when compared with the control group patients who followed secondary prevention strategies only. The present study is amplify the beneficial effects of simple CR program, which additionally improves the key cardiac parameters like LVEF in the recovery period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of aspiration thrombectomy (AT) using an Aspiration Catheter (INVATEC SPA DIVER C.E. MAX, Italy) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Study Design: Cross sectional and Case series study. Setting: Department of Cardiology, Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. Period: January 2012 to December 2013. Methodology and Results: Measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography was obtained before (acute LVEF) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 1 week after (late LVEF) the procedure. Most of the patients with full restoration of ST segment elevation following PCI were higher in the aspiration Catheter control group (90 vs 68%, P < 0.01), (86 vs 62%, P < 0.01) and (90 vs 64%, P < 0.01) respectively. Minimal change in LVEF was observed in patients between the Aspiration Catheter group and control group at 1 week post procedure. Conclusion: Combination of AT using Aspiration Catheter (INVATEC SPA DIVER C.E. MAX) with primary stenting can better outcome, while left ventricle (LV) function had subtle change in AMI when compared to primary stenting after balloon predilation without thrombectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]