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This article argues that neighborhood-based middle-class civic groups in Mumbai reconfigure and constitute the local state through their everyday operations and social, legal and political interactions with the government. Amid rapid urban transformation, as neighborhoods become more internally differentiated, long-term residents forge ideational territories, rooted in place-based politics to govern their neighborhoods. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, I depict three modes of place-based state-making—détournement, quotidian and activist. I argue that middle-class residents choose and privilege their neighborhood over the nation, in local politics, recalibrating laws and regulations to serve their territorial interests. To that end, I develop a theoretical framework to think about the autonomy of sociospatial communities and their statal implications. By focusing on the 'statization' of everyday life, this article departs from the distinction between state and non-state actors, and instead (i) distinguishes between state and government, (ii) considers the state to be embedded in the local social space where civic actors can enter the state space and steer local governance, and (iii) highlights how different cultural-historical territories produce distinct configurations of the local state, thereby fragmenting the geography of urban governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose CPX-351 is a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin that delivers a synergistic 5:1 drug ratio into leukemia cells to a greater extent than normal bone marrow cells. Prior clinical studies demonstrated a sustained drug ratio and exposure in vivo and prolonged survival versus standard-of-care cytarabine plus daunorubicin chemotherapy (7+3 regimen) in older patients with newly diagnosed secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). Patients and Methods In this open-label, randomized, phase III trial, 309 patients age 60 to 75 years with newly diagnosed high-risk/sAML received one to two induction cycles of CPX-351 or 7+3 followed by consolidation therapy with a similar regimen. The primary end point was overall survival. Results CPX-351 significantly improved median overall survival versus 7+3 (9.56 v 5.95 months; hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.90; one-sided P = .003). Overall remission rate was also significantly higher with CPX-351 versus 7+3 (47.7% v 33.3%; two-sided P = .016). Improved outcomes were observed across age-groups and AML subtypes. The incidences of nonhematologic adverse events were comparable between arms, despite a longer treatment phase and prolonged time to neutrophil and platelet count recovery with CPX-351. Early mortality rates with CPX-351 and 7+3 were 5.9% and 10.6% (two-sided P = .149) through day 30 and 13.7% and 21.2% (two-sided P = .097) through day 60. Conclusion CPX-351 treatment is associated with significantly longer survival compared with conventional 7+3 in older adults with newly diagnosed sAML. The safety profile of CPX-351 was similar to that of conventional 7+3 therapy.

The article, titled "Streets in Motion: The Making of Infrastructure, Property, and Political Culture in Twentieth-century Calcutta," explores the diverse activities and functions of South Asian streets, including squatting, begging, hawking, waste disposal, and religious and political events. The author, Bandyopadhyay, examines the development of Calcutta from the nineteenth century to the present, highlighting how streets are both shaped by and shape different forms of politics, sociality, and subjectivities. The book focuses on various urban agents, such as planners, technocrats, vendors, agitators, and the houseless population, and their contributions to the city's construction, living conditions, and urban politics. The chapters discuss themes such as the mediation of motion through creative obstructions, the production of urban space through rationality and violence, the impact of zoning and segregation on surveillance, the reconfiguration of capitalist logic and property laws, and the generation of inclusive forms of politics through obstructionism. The book also explores the relationship between public space and urban commons, the impact of motion and obstruction on urban communities, the role of colonial laws in managing mob action, the territorial segregation of communities, the suburbanization of Calcutta, and the politics of street hawking. Overall, the book offers a nuanced analysis of the dynamics of motion and obstruction in the city, challenging the homogenizing logic of neoliberalism and political extremism. [Extracted from the article]

The preparation of Co3O4 nanoparticles using thermal decomposition and their characterization by various physicochemical studies is being reported here. The focus is on the use of pectin as a capping/stabilizing agent and heading the methodology towards greener pathway, single pot and cost effective technique. The characterizations were done by using UV-Visible, FTIR, SEM, TEM and XRD analysis which confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of pectin along with the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were found to be stable at pH 5.5 as evaluated by their zeta potential analysis. The magnetic measurements (VSM) revealed their ferromagnetic behavior. These nanoparticles indicated effective antimicrobial potency against six different strains of bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CPX‐351, a dual‐drug liposomal encapsulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin at a synergistic ratio, is approved in the United States for adults with newly diagnosed therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia‐related changes. Population pharmacokinetics analyses were performed using nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling on pooled data from 3 clinical studies, and the impact of CPX‐351 exposures on efficacy and safety was assessed. The pharmacokinetics of cytarabine and daunorubicin were described using 2‐compartment models with linear elimination. None of the evaluated covariates had a clinically significant impact on plasma exposure to total cytarabine or daunorubicin, while bilirubin and formulation showed statistically significant effects on pharmacokinetic parameters of cytarabine and daunorubicin, respectively. In patients with mild/moderate renal impairment or serum bilirubin ≤3 mg/dL, plasma exposures to cytarabine and daunorubicin following CPX‐351 were within the variability range for patients with normal kidney function or serum bilirubin levels. Exposure‐response analysis demonstrated that better efficacy outcomes were associated with higher CPX‐351 exposure quartiles. Early mortality rates in all CPX‐351 exposure quartiles were lower vs the 7 + 3 control group, and lower mortality rates were associated with higher exposure quartiles. A trend toward greater frequency of grade 3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (but not grade 4/5 events) was observed at higher CPX‐351 exposure quartiles. Overall, the population pharmacokinetic analyses indicate no adjustments to the recommended dose and schedule of CPX‐351 are warranted for patients with mild/moderate renal impairment or serum bilirubin ≤3 mg/dL. Results from the exposure‐response analyses suggest the current CPX‐351 regimen provides a favorable risk‐benefit profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of novel antivirals, which requires knowledge of the viral life cycle in molecular detail, is a daunting task, involving extensive investments, and frequently resulting in failure. As there exist significant commonalities among virus families in the manner of host interaction, identifying and targeting common rather than specific features may lead to the development of broadly useful antivirals. Here, we have targeted the 3C protease of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), a feco‐orally transmitted virus of the family Picornaviridae, for identification of potential antivirals. The 3C protease is a viable drug target as it is required by HAV, as well as by other picornaviruses, for post‐translational proteolysis of viral polyproteins and for inhibiting host innate immune pathways. Computational screening, followed by chemical synthesis and experimental validation resulted in identification of a few compounds which, at low micromolar concentrations, could inhibit HAV 3C activity. These compounds were further tested experimentally against the 3C protease of Human Rhinovirus, another member of the Picornaviridae family, with comparable results. Computational studies on 3C proteases from other members of the picornavirus family have indicated that the compounds identified could potentially be generic inhibitors for picornavirus 3C proteases. The active site residues of 3C proteases show a significant intraspecies overlap among most common members of the picornavirus family. The similarity of the interacting residues could be utilized for designing broad‐range generic inhibitors against the 3C proteases of the picornavirus family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]