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Background Healthcare medical dispatch systems play a fundamental role in the daily operations of prehospital services. This includes facilitating the interpretation of various dispatch-related systems, receiving incident calls, categorizing cases, guiding proper resources deployment, and providing proper instructions before the arrival of healthcare providers. Considering the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's (KSA's) health sector transformation plan as part of Vision 2030, developing an Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) Program as part of essential prehospital services will allow rapid and competent healthcare delivery. In this study, our purpose is to describe the curriculum development of the EMD Program to improve the training of dispatchers and to share the experience in the interest of better prehospital dispatch systems. Methods A selected group of education experts and academics in emergency medical services dispatch were assigned to develop an EMD curriculum over six months. This study aims to describe the approach followed in developing an innovative EMD Program to share the experience and ultimately standardize dispatch-related training programs. The data of this study was collected by reviewing approved documents of the EMD Program including program curriculum, syllabus, logbook, and exam blueprint after approval letters were received from the Health Academy, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties. Results The development of the EMD program utilized a consecutive mixed approach starting with a competency-based with backward design method to ensure the achievement of targeted outcomes followed by the Kern Six-step curriculum development model, namely: (1) problem identification and general need assessment; (2) targeted need assessment; (3) goals and objectives; (4) educational strategies; (5) implementation; and (6) evaluation and feedback. This resulted in four comprehensive modules and seventeen competencies in interpreting various dispatch systems, prioritizing incidents, deploying proper resources, and providing pre-arrival instructions throughout the fourteen-week EMD Program. Conclusion As part of the health sector transformation plan in KSA, EMD services play a fundamental role in the daily operations of prehospital healthcare services. Developing an EMD Program with a consecutive mixed approach might improve the current operations of EMD services. [SJEMed 2024; 5(2.000): 101-109]

Background: Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser therapy is an emerging treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Objectives: To examine the efficacy of CO 2 laser therapy for management of SUI-related symptoms in women. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Data sources and methods: Four databases were screened until January 2023. All efficacy continuous endpoints were assessed via subtraction of the posttreatment from pretreatment values. The data were summarized as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Results: A total of 15 studies with 700 patients were analyzed. CO 2 laser therapy significantly decreased the 1-h pad weights at 3 months [ n = 5 studies, MD = −3.656 g, 95% CI (−5.198, −2.113), p

INTRODUCTION The safety of patients and property in healthcare settings is directly influenced by security response time, yet this critical aspect is often overlooked. In this article, we aim to address this gap by presenting a proposed key performance indicator (KPI) for security response times. METHODS To develop the proposed KPI, we followed a systematic approach. First, we defined the necessary KPI. We then collected baseline response time data and met with stakeholders to gather their insights. Subsequently, we analysed the response time data from before and after implementation of the proposed KPI, and introduced a levelling method for responses that takes into account the intensity and risk level of each situation. RESULTS The weekly average baseline response time for situations requiring security department intervention was found to be 8 minutes and 1 second. One year after implementing the levelling method, the data comparison revealed a substantial decrease in response times. Specifically, responses to Level 1 incidents averaged 3 minutes and 57 seconds; Level 2 incidents averaged 5 minutes and 47 seconds; and Level 3 incidents averaged 3 minutes and 59 seconds. CONCLUSION The application and testing of this new KPI over the course of one year demonstrated a remarkable impact on security response time. Given the lack of a published benchmark for such response, we propose a benchmark of 5 minutes.

The Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) and Medical Major Incident Management System (MMIMS) are incident management systems that any hospital may utilize to deal with threats, scheduled events, or emergencies. Both are valuable systems since they provide an organizational framework for incident management and include planning, developing, and adjusting that structure. HICS is used in the United States and MMIMS in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study is to find and show the difference, elements, and concepts of MIMMS and HICS. A scoping review of relevant papers and documents for the HICS was conducted. Medical Incident Command System, HICS, Healthcare Incident Command System, MMIMS, and Major Incident Management System are all referred to the same definition of HICS that was mentioned in the introduction. This research took place from March through June of 2022. From January 1, 1995, to June 15, 2022, all publications, books, guidelines, and manuals were extracted. We searched PubMed, Ovid, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles. In conclusion, the main principles, strengths and weak points, and characteristics of the HICS and MMIMS appear to be the same. The differences were specified in the elements and chain of commands, which were designed to the geographic and governmental factors. Both systems are efficient and competent to achieve the goal of HICS but should be applied within the country's borders as it is an integrated system.

Abstract Background Outbreaks of methanol poisoning have been described in the medical literature in different regions around the world. Even though in Saudi Arabia a few outbreaks of methanol poisoning have occurred, they remain undocumented. Herein, we describe several cases of methanol poisoning in Saudi Arabia with the goal of increasing awareness about the dangers of methanol poisoning among healthcare staff. Case presentation Nine middle-aged Saudi patients (five men aged 24, 26, 27, 36, and 49 years and four females aged 19, 20, 24, and 25 years) were admitted to our emergency department after alcohol consumption. All patients presented with severe metabolic acidosis and some visual impairment. Treatment was initiated based on the clinical suspicion of methanol intoxication because of laboratory test limitations and time constraints. Patients showed improvement and favorable hospital outcomes after aggressive empirical treatment. Conclusions Many social and cultural factors influence the lack of reporting of methanol poisoning cases in Saudi Arabia. We believe it is important to document these outbreaks to increase the knowledge among healthcare providers and promote public health awareness. A high index of suspicion and the development of local public health networks to monitor, survey, follow-up, and facilitate data exchange can help healthcare providers recognize and aggressively treat affected individuals. Early empiric and aggressive management can greatly decrease morbidity and mortality despite challenges and limited resources.

Information Technology usage and development has improved the efficiency and the flexibility of service provision among a number of institutions. While the process of computerization is taking place at a very high speed, the security surrounding the critical asset of IT is a major growing concern for the top management. The application of the digital forensic concept can therefore be helpful in curbing problems associated with cybercrime. The use of concepts relating to digital forensic investigation of criminal activities and digital forensics will, therefore, tackle the problem with finding digital evidence in cybercrimes. Hex editor is one of the various digital forensic investigation tools that allow the use of Hash Sets for identifying known safe files in program and operating system files. The tool is essential for identifying suspected files like Trojans, viruses, and hacker scripts. The paper seeks to establish the effectiveness of Hex editor in information technology security risk management. That is, the capabilities of Hex editor and the accuracy of Hex editor with regards to retrieving and analyzing data from a hard disc or drive in order to investigate and curb information technology security risk at the workplace. The researcher performed investigation on a Mozilla FxOS running on a phone released by Peak group in which case the researcher aimed to retrieve previous images that had been sent through the phone. In overall, Hex editor was able to identify the images and content of information that had been shared via the phone. Therefore, Hex editor is vital in identification, extraction, analysis, and presentation of digital evidence contained in digital devices. It is an effective tool that can be used by organizations for Forensic information technology security risk management. Keywords: Hex editor; Cybercrime; Digital Forensic; Investigation; technology, security, risk

Background No review consolidating available evidence of the various interventions for preventing MERS-CoV transmission in healthcare settings has been published to inform practice. The MERS-CoV outbreak in Saudi Arabia led to wide-scale hospitalisations and, among other individuals at risk, healthcare workers (HCW) were one of the most affected groups. This study evaluates the effectiveness of various interventions implemented to prevent MERS-CoV transmission to HCW and MERS-negative patients in Saudi Arabian healthcare settings. Methods This review summarises and evaluates the effectiveness of MERS-CoV infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in Saudi Arabian hospital settings. Instead of using ‘best quality/evidence’ studies, the review has included as many relevant studies as possible. Results Various IPC measures were deemed effective. However, since no analysis of their effectiveness had been undertaken, it was not possible to determine the interventions’ level of effectiveness as applied in hospital settings. The studies appeared to rely on the assumption that the extent of MERS-CoV transmission control observed was a direct reflection of the implemented IPC measures. Conclusions Robust studies, using empirical methods, should be conducted to measure the effectiveness of the various IPC measures developed and implemented to control MERS-CoV transmission

The world has in the recent past experienced rapid development in digital technology. However, as most organizations across the world continue to introduce digital technology into their operating system, issues of cybercrime have been on the rise and are one of the major threats to the progress and growth of many business firms. The application of the digital forensic concept can therefore be helpful in curbing problems associated with cybercrime. ProDiscover is one of the forensic tools which enable professionals in computing to locate all data in computing disk, including those that had previously been deleted. ProDiscover Forensic tool recovers deleted files, examines slack space, and dynamically allows previews, image captures, and searches of the Hardware Protected Area (HPA) using its technology. This paper sought to establish the application and effectiveness of ProDiscover Forensic in investigating cybercrime. For the purposes of this paper, efficiency will be defined as the proportion of input required by the ProDiscover system compared to its performance and output in addressing and managing workplace cybercrime. Alternatively, effectiveness will be defined as the degree and capacity to which the system will succeed in improving forensic investigation and mitigating cybersecurity issues in the workplace. That is, the capabilities of ProDiscover Forensic with regards to investigating and punishing cybercrime offence at the workplace. The researcher investigated a case in which a company by the name Jonson Corp. had been complaining about one of their staff, a Mr John who had been using the computer system for viewing and subsequently downloading pornographic images. The suspect’s floppy disk of 1.44 MB capacity that had been found in his drawer was used to retrieve all the deleted files. In overall, ProDiscover was able to retrieve the BEAUTY1.jpg and BEAUTY2.jpg images that had been erased from the soft disk. Therefore, the ProDiscover tool can be applied by organizations to enhance their information security functions, especially during a forensic investigation.

CONTEXT: Several medical procedures are thought to increase the risk of transmission of infectious agents to health-care providers (HCPs) through an aerosol-generating mechanism. AIMS: Given the significant influenza and coronavirus pandemics that have occurred in the 20th and 21st century, including the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 global pandemic, the objective of this analysis is to assess the occurrence of disease transmission to HCPs from the performance aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic meta-analysis looking at the odds ratio (OR) of AGP, causing infection among HCPs. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), ProQuest, Cochrane databases, and the Gray literature (ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform). In addition, we conducted nondatabase search activities. The search terms used were “MERS-CoV,” “COVID,” and “SARS” combined with “provider” or “healthcare provider.” STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: RevMan meta-analysis was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Following the search, we reviewed 880 studies, of which six studies were eligible. The estimated odd ratio utilizing a control group of HCPs who were exposed to AGP but did not develop the infection was 1.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33, 2.57). The OR remained the same when we added another control group who, despite not being exposed to AGP, had developed the infection. The OR remained 1.85 (95% CI: 1.33, 2.55). However, there is an increase in the OR to 1.89 (95% CI: 1.38, 2.59) when we added HCPs who did not use adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) during the procedures to the total estimates. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of AGP with inadequate PPE can result in an increased risk of disease transmission to HCWs.

The critical care transport service (CCT) is an important factor in the successful delivery of high-quality services by any healthcare system or programme. It is conducted by well-trained, qualified paramedics, nurses and respiratory therapists. The cornerstone of CCT is to ensure, during the transport of patients, continuity of the critical care initiated by the referring provider until arrival at the receiving provider. We report a case of a patient with acute aortic dissection who presented to a general hospital in Riyadh, requiring emergent advanced surgical intervention that is available only in tertiary hospitals. The coordination of the patient’s transfer was arranged by the emergency medical services’ team leader within the health cluster that includes both the general and tertiary hospitals involved in the case. This process resulted in the required service being provided within record time, with excellent outcomes. This case report highlights the impact and importance of inter-facility critical care transport systems.

Background: Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the nature of their work and, due to the additional stress and mental fatigue brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, this risk has increased significantly. A proper understanding of the risk factors for PTSD in this context is crucial to the development of both preventive and corrective measures that will improve the psychological and emotional health of HCWs and reduce their predisposition to PTSD in the short and long term. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of PTSD among frontline HCWs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study examined responses from emergency medical services personnel (paramedics, nurses, and physicians) in eleven large public hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between June 01 and July 01, 2020. The total number of respondents was 613. The PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (PCL-5), a self-administered tool, was used to diagnose PTSD. Additionally, demographic factors, such as age, gender, race, marital status, occupation, and years of experience, were identified, and the effects of these factors were assessed using statistical analysis. Results: The results revealed a prevalence of PTSD of 33.4% among participants. The highest prevalence was found among paramedics and nurses, while physicians had the lowest prevalence. The study also found statistically significant differences in PTSD scores based on marital status, job title, and years of experience. Half of the participants were aware of the availability of psychological/emotional support and perceived the process for obtaining that support to be clear and accessible. Conclusion: Frontline healthcare workers are at increased risk of developing PTSD, with the degree of risk significantly associated with marital status, job title, years of experience, and the accessibility of psychological/emotional support. Healthcare organisations within Saudi Arabia and elsewhere should use this information to strengthen their psychological and emotional support systems and reduce the risk of PTSD in their employees.

Background: Temperature screening checkpoints have become widely distributed during the COVID-19 pandemic, using various contactless methods of temperature measurement, including wrist and forehead measurement. Aim: In this study we aim to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of these two temperature measurement methods – wrist and forehead – compared with the standards of sublingual or axillary measurement. We also aim to investigate the influence of age, gender, device brand and diurnal effect on the temperature reading. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, each group using a different temperature measurement device. All participants had their forehead and wrist temperature measured, and this was compared to their axillary or sublingual readings. Results: The area under the curve for wrist measurement was 0.49 (95% CI 0.34 and 0.64), p>0.05, with a sensitivity of 46.2% and specificity of 53.3%, while the area under the curve for forehead measurement was 0.70 (95% CI 0.51, 0.89), p

The COVID-19 pandemic tested medical facilities’ readiness in terms of the number of available mechanical ventilators. Most countries raced to stock up on ventilators, which created a surge in demand and short in supply. Furthermore, other means of coping with the demand were proposed, such as using additive manufacturing. The purpose of this paper was to test whether the addition of 3D-printed splitters would help deliver required tidal volume to each patient, while supporting four patients on a single ventilator for 24 hours on pressure mode at 25-cm H2O, and to determine whether a fifth patient can be ventilated. The ventilation of four human lungs was simulated using 3D printed parts, a single ventilator, four test-lungs, and standard tubing. Peak pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, total tidal volume, individual tidal volume, total minute volume, and individual tidal volume data were collected. Usage of a 3D printed small size splitter enabled a 26% increase in individual tidal volume compared to standard tubing and a series of two-way splitters. The ventilator was able to supply the required pressure and tidal volume for 24 hours. A single ventilator with a four-way splitter can ventilate four patients experiencing respiratory failure for at least 24 hours without interruption. The equipment cannot sustain ventilating a fifth patient owing to minute volume limitation. This study expands on an earlier study that tested similar circuitry and reveals that the desired individual tidal volume is achieved. However, further research is required to provide the monitoring ability of individual patient parameters and prevention of cross-contamination.

Scabies is a highly contagious, globally prevalent, parasitic skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, also known as the itch mite. There have been outbreaks not only in the developing world, but also in the developed world among refugees and asylum seekers. Once infested with scabies mites, symptomatic patients, as well as asymptomatic carriers, quickly spread the disease through direct skin-to-skin contact. Typically, symptoms of scabies are characterized by an erythematous, papular, pruritic rash associated with burrows. Treatment of scabies involves using topical or systemic scabicides and treating secondary bacterial infections, if present. Given the prevalence and contagiousness of scabies, measures to prevent its spread are essential. Through application of the novel Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, emergency medical providers can readily identify risk factors for exposure and important symptoms of the disease, thus limiting its spread through prompt scabicide therapy; isolate the patient until after treatment; and inform local public health authorities and hospital infection prevention, when appropriate. Ultimately, these three actions can aid public health in controlling the transmission of scabies cases, thus ensuring the protection of the general public from this highly contagious skin infestation.

Abstract Background Metformin toxicity is well known to cause lactic acidosis. Multiple cases of hypoglycemia due to isolated metformin overdose have been reported. Increased glucose consumption secondary to anaerobic metabolism has been reported as a possible explanation. Case presentation A 23-year-old Arabic woman took 30 g of metformin. In the emergency department, 4 hours after of the event, she was fatigued but vitally stable. During her hospitalization, she had severe lactic acidosis, hypotension corrected with fluid boluses and vasopressors, and multiple episodes of hypoglycemia (6.3 mg/dL, 38 mg/dL, and 42 mg/dL), requiring multiple 50% dextrose-water boluses. The three hypoglycemic episodes occurred coincident with severe lactic acidosis. She improved after 24 hours of continuous renal replacement therapy. Conclusions Hypoglycemia can be induced by metformin toxicity in the absence of co-ingestants. A possible explanation of metformin-induced hypoglycemia is increased glucose consumption due to anaerobic metabolism, decreased oral intake, decreased liver glucose production, and decreased glucose absorption.

Mumps is a highly contagious viral infection that became rare in most industrialized countries following the introduction of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1967. The disease, however, has been re-emerging with several outbreaks over the past decade. Many clinicians have never seen a case of mumps. To assist frontline healthcare providers with detecting potential cases and initiating critical actions, investigators modified the “Identify-Isolate-Inform” tool for mumps infection. The tool is applicable to regions with rare incidences or local outbreaks, especially seen in college students, as well as globally in areas where vaccination is less common. Mumps begins with a prodrome of low-grade fever, myalgias and malaise/anorexia, followed by development of nonsuppurative parotitis, which is the pathognomonic finding associated with acute mumps infection. Orchitis and meningitis are the two most common serious complications, with hearing loss and infertility occurring rarely. Providers should consider mumps in patients with exposure to a known case or international travel to endemic regions who present with consistent signs and symptoms. If mumps is suspected, healthcare providers must immediately implement standard and droplet precautions and notify the local health department and hospital infection control personnel.

Scabies is a highly contagious, globally prevalent, parasitic skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, also known as the itch mite. There have been outbreaks not only in the developing world, but also in the developed world among refugees and asylum seekers. Once infested with scabies mites, symptomatic patients, as well as asymptomatic carriers, quickly spread the disease through direct skin-to-skin contact. Typically, symptoms of scabies are characterized by an erythematous, papular, pruritic rash associated with burrows. Treatment of scabies involves using topical or systemic scabicides and treating secondary bacterial infections, if present. Given the prevalence and contagiousness of scabies, measures to prevent its spread are essential. Through application of the novel Identify-Isolate-Inform (3I) Tool, emergency medical providers can readily identify risk factors for exposure and important symptoms of the disease, thus limiting its spread through prompt scabicide therapy; isolate the patient until after treatment; and inform local public health authorities and hospital infection prevention, when appropriate. Ultimately, these three actions can aid public health in controlling the transmission of scabies cases, thus ensuring the protection of the general public from this highly contagious skin infestation.

Background: Laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy is an emerging uterine-preserving strategy for management of uterovaginal prolapse (UVP). The literature on laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy for management of UVP is very scarce from Saudi Arabia. This research examined the feasibility, clinical utility, and safety of laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy in a Saudi setting. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, including all patients who met the inclusion criteria. The laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy technique was adapted with modifications from the "Oxford hysteropexy". The primary endpoint was overall success, defined as anatomical success in all vaginal compartments (UVP grade 0 or 1 postoperatively). The secondary endpoint was the mean change in point C. Descriptive data were summarized with numbers and percentages, while numerical data used means ± standard deviations. Fisher's exact and Student's t tests were used for univariate analyses. Significant surgical outcome predictors were identified via logistic regression, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 21 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent indication for laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy was UVP without anterior or posterior wall prolapse (n = 15, 71.4%), whereas the most frequent grade of UVP was grade III (n = 13, 61.9%). One patient (4.8%) required switch to laparotomy due to severe adhesions. No perioperative complications were recorded. The mean change in point C and hospital stay were 5.8 ± 2.1 (range: 0– 8) and 1.4 ± 0.6 days (range: 1– 3), respectively. Surgical success was achieved in 18 patients (85.7%). Only three patients experienced recurrences (one, two, and six months postoperatively). The mean change in point C was significantly higher in successful cases contrasted with the failed cases (6.5 versus 1.3). Conclusion: Laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy for management of uterovaginal prolapse revealed technical feasibility, safety, and beneficial utility of the procedure. Further large-sized and multicentric investigations are important to gather additional pertinent information on laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in the field of the Poultry Research Station of the animal resources Department / office of Agricultural Research / Ministry of Agriculture from the period 4th April to16th May2021.This study was aimed to investigate the effect of using avocado and chia oil and their mixture in broiler diets on the final productive performance and meat cholesterol concentration and measuring meat oxidation indicators after storing it for 60 days. 300 one-day-old (Ross308) chicks were fed on diets that used avocado oil and chia with percentages of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6%, respectively, and their mixture consisting of 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 each of avocado and chia oil (50% avocado + 50% chia oil). The experiment included 10 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment (10 birds/replicates). The results showed a high significant improvement (P < 0.01) in the productive performance of (average body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio) for the interactions of avocado and chia oil mixture treatments with a usage rate of 0.6% compared with the interactions of the control treatment and the rest of the interactions of the used oils. The results showed a high significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the concentration of cholesterol, Malondialdehyde(MDA) and the peroxide value (PV) of fat for the treatments of interaction the oil mixture and the usage rates of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% in broiler's meat that stored for 60 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mumps is a highly contagious viral infection that became rare in most industrialized countriesfollowing the introduction of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in 1967. The disease, however,has been re-emerging with several outbreaks over the past decade. Many clinicians have neverseen a case of mumps. To assist frontline healthcare providers with detecting potential casesand initiating critical actions, investigators modified the “Identify-Isolate-Inform” tool for mumpsinfection. The tool is applicable to regions with rare incidences or local outbreaks, especially seenin college students, as well as globally in areas where vaccination is less common. Mumps beginswith a prodrome of low-grade fever, myalgias and malaise/anorexia, followed by development ofnonsuppurative parotitis, which is the pathognomonic finding associated with acute mumps infection.Orchitis and meningitis are the two most common serious complications, with hearing loss andinfertility occurring rarely. Providers should consider mumps in patients with exposure to a knowncase or international travel to endemic regions who present with consistent signs and symptoms.If mumps is suspected, healthcare providers must immediately implement standard and dropletprecautions and notify the local health department and hospital infection control personnel. [West JEmerg Med. 2016;17(5)490-496.]

Byline: Sharafaldeen. Bin Nafisah, Bandr. Mzahim, Bakhitah. Aleid, Shahad. Sheerah, Daliah. Almatrafi, Gregory. Ciottone, Khalid. AlAnazi, Anas. Khan CONTEXT: Several medical procedures are thought to increase the risk of transmission [...]

The Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) and Medical Major Incident Management System (MMIMS) are incident management systems that any hospital may utilize to deal with threats, scheduled events, or emergencies. Both are valuable systems since they provide an organizational framework for incident management and include planning, developing, and adjusting that structure. HICS is used in the United States and MMIMS in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study is to find and show the difference, elements, and concepts of MIMMS and HICS. A scoping review of relevant papers and documents for the HICS was conducted. Medical Incident Command System, HICS, Healthcare Incident Command System, MMIMS, and Major Incident Management System are all referred to the same definition of HICS that was mentioned in the introduction. This research took place from March through June of 2022. From January 1, 1995, to June 15, 2022, all publications, books, guidelines, and manuals were extracted. We searched PubMed, Ovid, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles. In conclusion, the main principles, strengths and weak points, and characteristics of the HICS and MMIMS appear to be the same. The differences were specified in the elements and chain of commands, which were designed to the geographic and governmental factors. Both systems are efficient and competent to achieve the goal of HICS but should be applied within the country's borders as it is an integrated system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]