Search

The goal of this study was to examine the efficacy of art therapy in the treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the propensity to quit journalism among Nigerian journalists covering banditry attacks. The researchers utilized a quasi-experiment as the design for the study and sampled 327 journalists. The result of the study showed that at baseline, journalists reported high PTSD symptoms and a propensity to quit journalism, but after the intervention, journalists who received the art therapy intervention reported a significant drop in their PTSD symptoms and the propensity to quit the pen profession. This suggests that art therapy is a cost-effective way of treating PTSD among journalists covering dangerous assignments and reducing high labour turnover in the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the phenomenon of banditry as a criminal enterprise in Nigeria. By employing qualitative and quantitative data, it provides a historical context for banditry and discusses kidnapping for ransom as its variant. The spatial distribution and patterns of kidnapping incidents are also highlighted. In response to this persistent challenge posed by banditry, the study notes the government and community members have implemented three distinct strategies. They are enhancing security and law enforcement, negotiations, and legislation. The limitations of these responses are also examined. The paper offers guidance on the necessary policy imperatives to effectively combat armed banditry through a multifaceted approach. It emphasizes that addressing the escalating incidents of kidnapping for ransom in the northwest region cannot be addressed independently from the broader need for reform within the security sector of the country. Strengthening border security, preventing the free flow of illicit firearms into the nation, and concerted effort focused on the recruitment, training, and deployment of adequately equipped security personnel to the border areas become pivotal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides evidence on the evolution and dynamics of banditry and how they are enabled through interlocking factors of governance deficits in northwest Nigeria. It relies on first-hand perspectives gathered covertly and directly from the bandits, defectors, residents, and victims. The paper provides a significant contribution to knowledge by analysing the real and potential impacts of banditry. It links causation to the effects, and shows how the continuous interaction of these factors generates a cycle of polycrisis in northwest Nigeria. The study yields insights for theory and offers direction on the policy imperatives for combatting banditry. The paper concludes that the governance framework to eliminate, neutralise, and disrupt banditry must embrace four strategies − the peacebuilding approach, security sector reform, development, and strategic social support to victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalisation has transformed national corporate operations. It allows commercial activity beyond borders, promoting free trade and financial flows. However, concurrently, the influx of cross-border investment has inadvertently facilitated illicit commercial transactions across Nigeria's borders, hence significantly impacting Nigeria's economic performance. This study examined the relationship between cross-border migration and banditry and how they hinder Nigeria's growth. The researchers used textbooks, journal articles, published dissertations, online resources, official statistical documents, international organizations reports, newspapers and periodicals to achieve the objective of the study. The data was analysed using content analysis by extracting relevant information pertaining to the study from the above mentioned secondary sources. This study employed the opportunity structure theory. This theoretical framework states that a group of people, regardless of their amount of discontent or grievances, will not resort to violence unless opportunity structures that enable and inspire violence are present. The study's findings confirm that the permeability of Nigeria's borders has facilitated unrestricted entry for bandits who engage in various forms of violent activities, including cattle rustling, kidnapping and homicides. Information about the victims, the settings, and the nature of the assaults were also submitted as part of the investigation. The majority of businesses in Nigeria's North Eastern region have shut down due to security concerns brought on by armed bandits, according to the study's findings. There has been an increase in youth unemployment and illiteracy, and people's living situations have worsened. The research recommends that Nigeria should invest in human resources to improve security. Security agencies should also receive modern technologies to identify and deter unlawful entry into Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing presence of young people on the Nigerian streets participating in child labour has continued to attract public policy attention. Available research on child labour reveals sparse scholarly information on the security implications for young people in South-West Nigeria, particularly Ondo State. The study aims to understand the argument that child labour poses major security threats to the overall well-being of child labourers. A total of 147 questionnaires were distributed, with 12 focus group discussions and 12 semi-structured interviews conducted with young people and guardians (mostly mothers). Frequency distributions were employed to analyse the quantitative data, and NVivo (v.14) qualitative software was used to identify themes and sub-themes. A content analytical tool was used to make sense of the themes. Child labour activities include street trading, hawking, domestic help and construction work. Causes of child labour activities include lack of access to basic education, cultural and societal beliefs, poverty, and family breakdown, among others. Security threats include occasional kidnapping for ransom, sexual molestation, slavery, exploitation, risk of injury, diseases, and death. The study suggests a more responsive Child's Rights Act in Nigeria for the protection of the rights and dignity of every child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Globalisation has transformed national corporate operations. It allows commercial activity beyond borders, promoting free trade and financial flows. However, concurrently, the influx of cross-border investment has inadvertently facilitated illicit commercial transactions across Nigeria’s borders, hence significantly impacting Nigeria’s economic performance. This study examined the relationship between cross-border migration and banditry and how they hinder Nigeria’s growth. The researchers used textbooks, journal articles, published dissertations, online resources, official statistical documents, international organizations reports, newspapers and periodicals to achieve the objective of the study. The data was analysed using content analysis by extracting relevant information pertaining to the study from the above mentioned secondary sources. This study employed the opportunity structure theory. This theoretical framework states that a group of people, regardless of their amount of discontent or grievances, will not resort to violence unless opportunity structures that enable and inspire violence are present. The study’s findings confirm that the permeability of Nigeria’s borders has facilitated unrestricted entry for bandits who engage in various forms of violent activities, including cattle rustling, kidnapping and homicides. Information about the victims, the settings, and the nature of the assaults were also submitted as part of the investigation. The majority of businesses in Nigeria’s North Eastern region have shut down due to security concerns brought on by armed bandits, according to the study’s findings. There has been an increase in youth unemployment and illiteracy, and people’s living situations have worsened. The research recommends that Nigeria should invest in human resources to improve security. Security agencies should also receive modern technologies to identify and deter unlawful entry into Nigeria.

This paper examines the role of drugs in the prevailing banditry crisis in Nigeria. It does so against the deteriorating trajectory of the banditry crisis in northern Nigeria in which the issue of drugs and substances has been implicated. Existing studies on the subject matter have variously considered the ramifying dimensions of the banditry question, especially its complex nexuses to other organised crimes, such as terrorism, arms trafficking, illicit mining and mercenary militancy. Evidently, the linkage between banditry and illicit drug proliferation and (ab)use has been scarcely explored, hence the need for the present discourse. Using a qualitative method that relies on desk research and key informant interviews, the paper posits that the (ab)use of drugs and toxic substances by bandits has been a critical catalyst for the banditry crisis in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article demonstrates how institutional weakness makes amnesty, as a conflict management strategy, ineffective as found in Zamfara State; and how prioritising human security can help combat insecurity. Using Weak Institutions of State as a framework of analysis, the article argued that factors such as loss of territorial control or the sole use of force, crisis of legitimacy, mass poverty, corruption and inability to provide basic services to the citizens as characteristic of states with institutional weakness, create very complex security problems that amnesty is incapable of addressing effectively. Rather than mitigate insecurity, weak institutions in a state further fuel it by creating opportunities for both state and non-state actors to exploit the offer of amnesty for personal enrichment. This article adopted the documentary method of data collection, using deduction and inferences as analytical methods. Based on its findings, the study recommends the need for a more sustainable approach to conflict management that can benefit a larger number of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Southern African Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) has been relatively under-researched in view of its conception among Mozambicans. This study used views, insights and attitudes of Mozambicans in Johannesburg, South Africa on the relevance of the SAMIM's counterinsurgency efforts in Cabo Delgado. While the deployment of the SAMIM's forces serve to minimise the effects of terrorism and set a platform on which addressing the root causes of insurgency and is motivated by the desire for lasting peace, the findings of this study revealed that it falls short of addressing high levels of poverty, marginalises the views of disgruntled Mozambicans, and cannot address regional disparities between the southerners and northerners in Mozambique. Consequently, the participants argued that the SAMIM's approach holds no prospect of denying insurgency the necessary sustenance and support to survive. The study recommended leveraging the use of local assemblies and incorporating views of marginalised and disgruntled Mozambicans within the SAMIM's counterinsurgency strategy to address structural violence that abets and sustains insurgents in Cabo Delgado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wars do not only cause the political, social and economic destruction of states, but also lead to the collapse of increasingly impoverished societies. The problems experienced before the war and during the war become more intense after the war due to the weakening of the state authority. However, increasing insecurity brings along various security problems. Erzurum, which has been exposed to war for many years and has deep traces in its social and economic balance, is one of the provinces that faced many security problems. It was attacked by the Russians twice until the First World War, and after the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War, it became the target of the Russian army again. The city, which was occupied by the Russians' capture of Erzurum on February 16, 1916, was devastated by the immigration of the people who wanted to escape from both the occupation and the attacks of the Armenians provoked by Russia. Erzurum remained under Russian control for more than two years until March 12, 1918, when it was liberated from the occupation, and the province faced many problems in this period. In the province, which was trying to dress its wounds after the war, there was an increase in crime rates, and security and public order problems were struggled. The deterioration of the socio-economic structure and the lack of authority due to war conditions were the main reasons for these problems. In this study, which deals with the banditry cases that emerged as a part of the security problems in Erzurum and its surroundings after the First World War, it has been tried to analyze the tribal, gang and individual banditry, the reasons for these banditry activities, and what measures the state took to catch the bandits. For this purpose, besides archive documents such as crime records of the province, bandit crime reports and inter-institutional correspondence, memoirs of individuals who witnessed the period and research works were also utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the impact of insecurity on the entrepreneurial activities of women in Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State, focusing specifically on issues about women’s financial dependence, the kind of entrepreneurial activities common among them and the dimension of the impact of insecurity on their entrepreneurial endeavours. A sample of 377 women was surveyed, leading to the findings that women in Shiroro are highly entrepreneurial with high level of financial independence, engaging mostly in SMEs. The study also found that while insecurity has an adverse effect on women’s entrepreneurial activities in the form of loss of or decline of capital among other things, the number of women entrepreneurs has not experienced a significant decline. The study recommended that sustainable programmes to improve women’s access to and use of financial services should be created and community policing organisations should also be created and strengthened to combat insecurity in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TURKAV Institute of Public Adminsitration Journal of Social Sciences / TÜRKAV Kamu Yönetimi Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of TURKAV Institute of Public Adminsitration Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kronika is the property of Kronika, Casopis za Slovensko Krajevno Zgodovino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Purpose: Insecurity is a major problem in developing countries, particularly Africa, with Nigeria facing challenges like kidnapping, banditry, militancy, and boko haram, among others, that need to be addressed. Newspapers play a crucial role in helping security agents address these challenges through unbiased reporting. Objectives: This systematic review aims to examine the extent to which scholars pay attention to the role of print media in addressing insecurity in Nigeria and to explore the growth and development of media and insecurity studies in Nigeria based on the collected data from Scopus and Web of Science. Methodology: The systematic review was conducted based on the principles of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Two databases (Scopus and Web of Science) were searched, and 107 related articles were recorded, out of which 21 met the final review criteria. Findings: The results show that Nigerian scholars studying print media and insecurity concentrated more on farmer-herder conflicts and the Boko Haram insurgency, while armed banditry, which has become deadlier in recent times, received little attention from the scholars. Contributions: The study draws attention to newspaper and banditry, an area that print media scholars in Nigeria have mostly ignored. Conclusion: Based on the study’s findings, we concluded that the majority of Nigerian scholars with an interest in print media and insecurity do not often publish their works in outlets indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. Recommendation: Future research on print media and insecurity should pay more attention to armed banditry, which is now a major problem in the country. Communication scholars in Nigeria should also endeavour to publish their findings in journals indexed with Scopus and Web of Science databases.

Banditry is not peculiar to Nigeria alone, as many nations especially in Africa continue to battle with its surge in recent years. In Nigeria, media platforms are daily abashed with the evils perpetrated by the bandits across the states claiming several lives, destroying billions worth of property, generating humanitarian crisis with negative implications on food security. Adopting broken windows as a theoretical framework, the paper interrogated the trends and reasons for rural banditry and its deleterious effects on food security in Oyo state. The paper employed desk research method using secondary sources data. It argued that rural banditry has intensified affecting food security with recent attacks concentrated on farmers in the state. If further argued that farmers have lost their lives to attacks, kidnapped for ransom, had their farmlands looted and plundered leading to reduction in low agricultural investment and poor crop production, invariably increasing prices of food products. The paper concluded that the menace of rural banditry has indeed caused affected food accessibility, availability, sustainability and utilization in the State. It therefore recommended that government should employ the use of utter force to clampdown on bandits in their hideouts and also introduce advanced surveillance technologies to monitor activities in the ungoverned forest and reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of banditry on primary health care delivery in north-western Nigeria. Banditry has emerged as a critical concern in recent years in the region, affecting many sectors including healthcare systems. We examined how the escalating violence and insecurity have disrupted the provision of essential health services, leading to a range of adverse consequences, including the displacement of healthcare workers, the closure of health facilities, and the hindrance of medical supply chains in north-western Nigeria. The secondary sources of data reviewed show the detrimental effects of banditry on healthcare delivery in north-western Nigeria, particularly in rural communities. These effects included instilling fear among health workers, of which there are already insufficient numbers, hence forcing them away from healthcare centres and contributing to a malnutrition crisis. Thus, it is recommended that there should be robust security measures to safeguard healthcare facilities and workers, community outreach programs to educate local populations, telemedicine services and mobile clinics to provide healthcare services in areas with limited access due to security concerns, training of healthcare workers in conflict-prone areas in emergency response and conflict resolution to deal with security threats effectively, and collaboration with local non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community leaders, and traditional healers to bridge gaps in healthcare delivery.

In the context of ongoing banditry incidents in Zamfara State, Nigeria, this study aimed to assess the mental health status of lecturers in Federal University Gusau (FUGUS). The purpose was to examine whether banditry had affected psychological well-being of the university teachers. Employing a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 86 lecturers using a Self-Reporting Mental Health Inventory (SMHI). The inventory demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and comprised dimensions reflecting positive mental health attributes. Data analysis involved the use of mean scores, one-sample and Independent Sample T-Tests. The results of the analyses revealed that the mean scores for various dimensions of mental health were consistently below 3.0, suggesting a significant level of negative mental health experienced by the participants. Furthermore, an Independent Sample T-Test indicated that gender did not exert a significant influence on the observed negative mental health outcomes (t=-0.195, p>0.05). The findings underscore the need for targeted counselling interventions and support strategies to address negative mental health outcomes among lecturers, irrespective of gender, and to cultivate a conducive academic environment that promotes their psychological well-being.

The increasing presence of young people on the Nigerian streets participating in child labour has continued to attract public policy attention. Available research on child labour reveals sparse scholarly information on the security implications for young people in South-West Nigeria, particularly Ondo State. The study aims to understand the argument that child labour poses major security threats to the overall well-being of child labourers. A total of 147 questionnaires were distributed, with 12 focus group discussions and 12 semi-structured interviews conducted with young people and guardians (mostly mothers). Frequency distributions were employed to analyse the quantitative data, and NVivo (v.14) qualitative software was used to identify themes and sub-themes. A content analytical tool was used to make sense of the themes. Child labour activities include street trading, hawking, domestic help and construction work. Causes of child labour activities include lack of access to basic education, cultural and societal beliefs, poverty, and family breakdown, among others. Security threats include occasional kidnapping for ransom, sexual molestation, slavery, exploitation, risk of injury, diseases, and death. The study suggests a more responsive Child’s Rights Act in Nigeria for the protection of the rights and dignity of every child.

Copyright of Recent Period Turkish Studies / Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları is the property of Recent Period Turkish Studies / Yakin Donem Turkiye Arastirmalari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since 2011, criminal activities of armed bandits in Northwest Nigeria have skyrocketed with enormous impact on lives and livelihoods. In the first seven months of 2019, the Nigerian government recorded over 330 attacks from armed bandits that resulted in the death of about 1,460 civilians. This briefing paper—which draws on relative deprivation theory—provides an account of the increasing cases of rampant banditry in the region, focusing on the motives and drives of armed bandits in the Northwest geopolitical zone in Nigeria. The account suggests a way forward to help resolve the disconcerting increase in conflict that has the potential to destabilize not only Nigeria but also the Sahel region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes songs of the scaffold in Catalonia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, a hitherto unknown subject that has been paid little attention to date. On the one hand, I will analyze their creation and dissemination using different documentary and literary evidences to demonstrate that they were highly demanded texts composed when an execution was going to be held. On the other hand, I focus on the propagandistic role that these printed texts had, using a microhistorical analysis of two examples: the famous bandit Antoni Roca (1546) and the Morisco witch hunter Joan Malet (1549). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assaults and aggressions that road and trail users suffered from alleged bandits and outlaws have been a historical constant. As a result, the social perception of the bandit as a road robber. However, one might ask: To what extent is this image true and accurate? Was this always indiscriminate and fortuitous violence exercised by simple robbers and the ragged? Or, on the contrary, was there some premeditation? Did the assailants know, or not, the identity of their victim? Were the aggressor and the victim part of a faction or not? In this paper, I analyze a case of assault and aggression that occurred in 1536 on the royal road, near Carcaixent, a small village in the Kingdom of Valencia (Crown of Aragon). On that occasion, the Cosme brothers, Damià and Vicent Colomer, inhabitants of the present day Valldigna, assaulted the farmer Bertomeu Garrigues, stealing some of his belongings and causing serious injuries. What looks as a paradigmatic case of assault and aggression on the road by common criminals, proves to be a much more complex case when we go deeper into the identity and life trajectories of the protagonists and their respective families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over time, the conflict between farmers and herdsmen has intensified and transformed into banditry in Zamfara state. While literature underscores the causational and transformational issues, how desperate attempts of the bandits to survive led to fierce upsurges in attacks in the state has not been extensively explored. Hence, this paper examines the bandits’ desperation for survival and its impacts on the state. The paper adopts constructionist thematic analysis, and explanatory sequential methods was applied while presenting and analyzing the data from secondary sources and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Predicated on eco-survivalism, the bandits’ desperate attempts to survive were due to the competing challenge from the vigilantes and the government to eliminate them and their source of illegitimate wealth. They created more ferocious reinvigoration to accomplish their survival goals. It has upscaled deterioration in the attacks and the humanitarian crises in the state. Many lives were lost, kidnapping skyrocketed, and more properties were destroyed, with appalling human displacements. The consequences were a significant drop in agricultural production and loss of livelihood sources, increased health challenges, and the devastating proliferation of out-of-school children. This paper suggests a gradual confidence building through effective security governance for the bandits interested in reducing their desperation while rehabilitating their livelihood sources to ensure peaceful coexistence.

This paper examines the phenomenon of crime–terror nexus from the standpoint of the linkage between banditry and Boko Haram insurgency in Northern Nigeria. Using a descriptive analysis predicated on a combination of primary and secondary studies, the paper reveals that both groups have functionally adapted each other's structures and strategies. While Boko Haram and its splinter groups have occasionally engaged in acts of banditry, there has been mutual co-option by both groups as the exigencies of their operations demand. Nigeria's drive at mitigating the banditry-terrorism conundrum must proceed with a pragmatic understanding of the gamut and dynamics of their situational nexuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of Huarpean descent and born in the province of San Juan, Martina Chapanay was a highway robber and member of the montoneras of Facundo Quiroga and Chacho Peñaloza. In the 19th century, Pedro Desiderio Quiroga and Pedro Echagüe told her story. This article proposes the comparison of two little-studied texts, whose meanings, characters and settings are related to stories about outlaw gauchos, Facundo and El Chacho de Sarmiento, the civil wars and the stage of National Organization after the battle of Pavón. "Martina Chapanay. American historical legend" was published in the Correo del Domingo in 1865. Quiroga's story traces the heroine's military and criminal life in such a way that we find there is little difference between the montoneros and the bandits. After Peñaloza's death, Martina becomes the legendary baqueana and tracker who helps the traveller. In the novel La Chapanay, published in 1884, Echagüe erases her Federalist status and presents her as a repentant highway robber who seeks to redeem herself by becoming the "Quixote of the Cuyo travesías". In both versions, Martina's virile appearance and demeanour constitute a rebellion against the gender mandate that accompanies her matrero spirit and transcends political and legal conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banditry is fast becoming alarming in Nigeria to the extent that it poses serious challenges on wildlife management. This study therefore examined the effects of banditry on the management of Kainji Lake National Park. To obtain information, questionnaires were prepared to correspond with some basic ideas regarding banditry impacts. Randomization as strictly ensured in the distribution of fifty (50) questionnaires to the staff of Kainji Lake National Park. The result revealed that majority of the respondents are male (72.0%) with age group 35-44 years recorded the highest with 70.0%, followed by 25-34 years with 16.0 while age group 45 and above were the least with 14.0%. Majority of the respondents were married (82.0%) and most of the respondents had tertiary education (58.0%). Also, majority (36.0%) had served the Park for 11-20 years. All the respondents are aware of banditry activities in the Park. The effects of banditry on wildlife conservation were change in some biodiversity species status and illegal hunting/fishing recorded the highest observation of 32.0% and 24.0% each, followed by illegal logging and habitat destruction with 18.0% and 14.0% while looting of Park infrastructure is the least with 12.0%. The strategies adopted to reduce the effects of banditry on wildlife conservation showed that joint military operation scores 34.0%, adequate field equipment like guns and vehicle (24.0%), formation of peace committees (18.0%), conflicts with the local communities are resolved fairly and efficiently (16.0%), boundary demarcation (6.0%) and adequate staff and financial resources (2.0%). The study concludes that the effects of banditry on wildlife conservation are had to estimate, yet there are some striking environmental effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the determinants of youth involvement in banditry in Sankera Area of Benue state, Nigeria. The study specifically examined the relationship between political thuggery, unemployment, poverty and gets rich quick syndrome and their relationship with youth involvement in banditry in Sankera Area of Benue, Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey design was chosen to accomplish the goals of the study. The study employed purposive sampling technique. Analysis of Variance ( ANO VA) were used to test the study hypotheses with a threshold of significance of 0. 05. The findings of the study revealed that political thuggery, unemployment, poverty and get rich quick syndrome have a significant relationship with youth involvement in banditry in the study Area. The study concluded that the etiology of banditry in the study area is multi-faceted. Thus, the study recommended among others, that government should as a matter of urgent concern address the concerns of unemployment, poverty, neglect of the rural areas, and social injustice as this will help to improve the socioeconomic conditions of the population and lessen the propensity for turning to crime as a means of survival. Also, government should as matters of urgent concern equip the security services with weapons that are more effective than those used by armed bandits for a more proactive and reactive patrol in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an optimal control of intervention strategies for the menace of Banditry taking into account media campaign against Banditry u2(t) rehabilitation of Bandits detainees u5(t) and use of military force against Banditry u6(t) as control strategies. The Banditry free equilibrium, Banditry present equilibrium and the basic reproduction number of Banditry R0B were obtained. The stability analysis results suggest that the Banditry free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when R0B>1 and otherwise when R0B>1. The Boko Haram presence equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when R0B>1 and unstable if R0B>1. We used the three control strategies and updated the Banditry menace model. The optimal control issue was resolved using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP). It was discovered that there is a significant decrease in the population of Bandits and increase in the number of rehabilitated Bandits and detained Bandits when the control measures are implemented compared to the case without control. We solved the optimality control using a forward-backward sweep strategy implemented in MATLAB for numerical simulation. Additionally, we saw that the number of people detained fluctuates as the number of people receiving rehabilitation rises. We argue that in order to lessen or completely erase the menace caused by Bandits in society, the government should fund media campaigns and rehabilitation initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Sharia & Law Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper addresses the phenomenon of banditry in the high Andean region of the department of Huánuco, a region traditionally identified with rural crime, within the framework of so-called bandit narratives. In order to unravel its main features from the decoding and interpretation of its literary representations, a discourse analysis of three works is carried out: Cuentos andinos, Yarupajá. Los días de Melchor Albornoz y Luis Pardo Novoa and La resaca de los años gloriosos. The goal is to contribute to the construction of a typology and characterization of Peruvian banditry within a regional and historical perspective in order to think about how it sustains and reproduces shared or disputed meanings about the role of crime in the construction of the idea of nation.

Insecurity has become a global phenomenon affected even the most advanced countries of the world such as the United States of America where periodic gun violence or mass shooting of unarmed civilians has been claiming many lives annually. Though insecurity is more prevalent in developing countries where series of armed conflicts have claimed many lives, destroyed properties, and forced displacements. This paper examined the impacts of insecurity on recreation and tourism in Katsina State Northern Nigeria. The methodology employed to collect data for the research includes field visits to the affected areas to observe the physical and human settings. There is also the use of focus group discussions involving ten participants each from two groups in each of the eight local government areas most affected by the insecurity. The results have shown that Katsina State possesses a variety of recreational and tourist centers such as historical sites and monuments, recreational parks and resorts, waterfront areas, geomorphic features, and durbar festivals. The results further showed that banditry is the form of insecurity affecting recreation and tourism in the State from 2011 to date (2023). Banditry has negatively affected recreation and tourism in form of loss of lives of recreationists, taking over forests and villages containing tourist's sites, halting recreation and tourism projects, deliberate clearance of forest areas, restricting travelling and cancellation of durbar festivals. This is despite the series of efforts by the Federal and State Governments towards curbing insecurity to allow recreation and tourism to flourish. There is therefore the urgent need to adopt more active and decisive measures to combat the insecurity thereby promoting tourism and recreation in Katsina State northern Nigeria.

In this article we have tried to make an overview of banditry in Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries, with emphasis on the territories of Aragon, Murcia, Valencia, Andalusia and Extremadura, regions in which there has been a great activity of banditry in these centuries. This article also deals with aspects such as the different ways in which banditry developed and who took part in it and with what objectives, in order to explain the causes that led to the rise of this activity. It then goes on to analyse the forms of repression that the institutions tried to carry out in order to curb this type of delinquency.

This article studies the way in which Dio deals with social issues in his Roman History. In particular, it examines the rise of the parvenus in Severan Rome, the problem of indebtedness of individual citizens and the state, the recurring phenomenon of banditry, famines and ‘hunger revolts’. The impression of the historian’s insensitivity to the needs of the most disadvantaged social classes is diminished by the analysis of his narrative concerning the struggle between patricians and plebeians in the archaic age, which Dio re-examines also in light of the problems of his time, and in which an unexpected attention to the motives of the poor emerges.

This paper will describe the creation of an interactive and flexible map through which news and information relating to the tangible and intangible cultural and natural heritage of the Sila National Park area (Calabria, southern Italy, related to the Italian Risorgimento period) were collected. The map, which can be updated daily, can be accessed by clicking on a location's reference. The pop-up window contains information for each character, monument, commemorative plaque and palace linked to the history of the Risorgimento. Anthropological and oral traditions linked to the affected area are also listed. The map is enriched by a focus on significant archaeological presences, characters and productive activities linked to the Risorgimento or our present time. Each pop-up is also characterized by the possibility of viewing any photographs and historical documentation, as well as research videos and educational and informative material. This paper's research questions concern 1) how the thematic map on Google Maps can be useful for educational purposes and 2) how the map was used to enhance the cultural and natural heritage of the Sila National Park and to promote an ethics-based tourism during and after the pandemic. The historical-geographical itinerary of the map, therefore, offers hints and suggestions for sustainable cultural tourism initiatives open to international context and proximity. Neogeographic technologies such as Google Maps have been used because they facilitate and stimulate the sharing and production of geographic information. In the case of this map, it was created from a bottom-up approach that involved local stakeholders and scholars.

West African borderlands still depict free labour migration that weaves a complex grid of relations and inter-dependences over the 'artificial' borders inherited from colonialism. Migrants consider the sub-region as a single cultural and socio-economic unit within which trade and services are intertwined across countries, and where border crossing is a main part of people's lives and livelihoods. This study reflects on migration and violent resource conflicts in West Africa such as migrant herders-farmers conflict in Nigeria to interrogate the wider security implications of ECOWAS free movement protocols in the sub-region. It links the deepening resource scarcity in the sub-region to the increase in undocumented migration. The study concludes that due to poor enforcement of ECOWAS visa-free regime and competition for scarce resources, the migration-conflict nexus has intensified banditry and violent conflicts in West African borderlands, especially between herders and farmers in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coalition of Chinese, Vietnamese, and French authorities spent much of 1878–1879 putting down a thousands-strong revolt led by Li Yangcai, an officer dismissed from the Guangxi provincial army. Using Chinese and Vietnamese court records, newspapers, and memoirs, I argue that the Li Yangcai rebellion and the imperial reactions, albeit ephemeral and limited compared to other revolts and their responses in the tumultuous nineteenth century, underline the crucial element of personal connections in borderland insurgencies during the last decades of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). Literature on these figures highlights how personal circumstances, particularistic connections, and the borderland setting played a key role in facilitating the growth of these small but influential insurgencies. My examination of Li Yangcai, focusing on similar elements, contributes to the growing scholarship on limited wars. Additionally, I show how the state, in addition to using official bureaucratic channels, relied on personal relationships with influential characters in the local communities to suppress the rebels. I demonstrate not only how people behaved within institutional constraints but also how the state incorporated personal ties into its institutional arsenal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banditry is fast becoming alarming in Nigeria to the extent that it poses serious challenges on wildlife management. This study therefore examined the effects of banditry on the management of Kainji Lake National Park. To obtain information, questionnaires were prepared to correspond with some basic ideas regarding banditry impacts. Randomization as strictly ensured in the distribution of fifty (50) questionnaires to the staff of Kainji Lake National Park. The result revealed that majority of the respondents are male (72.0%) with age group 35-44 years recorded the highest with 70.0%, followed by 25-34 years with 16.0 while age group 45 and above were the least with 14.0%. Majority of the respondents were married (82.0%) and most of the respondents had tertiary education (58.0%). Also, majority (36.0%) had served the Park for 11-20 years. All the respondents are aware of banditry activities in the Park. The effects of banditry on wildlife conservation were change in some biodiversity species status and illegal hunting/fishing recorded the highest observation of 32.0% and 24.0% each, followed by illegal logging and habitat destruction with 18.0% and 14.0% while looting of Park infrastructure is the least with 12.0%. The strategies adopted to reduce the effects of banditry on wildlife conservation showed that joint military operation scores 34.0%, adequate field equipment like guns and vehicle (24.0%), formation of peace committees (18.0%), conflicts with the local communities are resolved fairly and efficiently (16.0%), boundary demarcation (6.0%) and adequate staff and financial resources (2.0%). The study concludes that the effects of banditry on wildlife conservation are had to estimate, yet there are some striking environmental effects.