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7. Community Gun Violence Exposure among Urban Youth: An Overlooked Externality of Endemic Gun Violence in the United States

Author

Bancalari, Pilar

Subjects
Firearms, Public health, parasitic diseases, technology, industry, and agriculture, Violence, Youth and violence, human activities, complex mixtures, Child development
Abstract

Gun violence is a daily reality for many youth in the United States (U.S). As mass shootings at concerts, schools, and places of worship have incited a national reckoning with the country’s unwavering defense of gun rights over safety legislation, ensuing research has justifiably focused on the direct victims of gun homicides. Yet the public health impact of gun violence goes beyond these heavily publicized mass shootings, with chronic community violence constituting the vast majority of gun violence events. Low-income Black and brown youth are most at risk of secondhand exposure to chronic community gun violence. Despite this persistent and harmful exposure, research into the downstream effects of community gun violence on youth has lagged. This review aimed to assess the state of evidence on indirect exposure to community gun violence among low-income urban youth in the U.S. PubMed, Web of Science (core collection), ProQuest, and SCOPUS were searched for peer-reviewed articles exploring the scope, risk factors, and impacts of community gun violence exposure on this population. The primary findings suggest that exposure to community gun violence is common in certain communities and detrimental to youth development. The broad themes emerging from this review include (1) a lack of consensus regarding the range of experiences that constitute community gun violence, (2) exposure to violence involving a firearm as distinct from that with other weapons, (3) a need to conceptualize multiple dimensions of gun violence exposure, (4) differential impacts of exposure to community gun violence across developmental stages, and (5) how indirect gun violence exposure uniquely contributes to cycles of community violence. Future research should move toward a consistent typology, multidimensional conceptualization, and developmental- and context-specific examination of community gun violence exposure.

Published
2021
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10. Suicide Prevention Programming Across Ecological Levels: Recommendations From Latinx Immigrant Origin Youth and Their Parents.

Author

Platt, Rheanna, Alvarez, Kiara, Guerrero Vasquez, Monica, Bancalari, Pilar, Acosta, Jennifer, Rincon Caicedo, Mariana, Polk, Sarah, and Wilcox, Holly

Subjects
*SUICIDE prevention, *MENTAL health services, *HISPANIC American youth, *YOUTH development, *IMMIGRANT families, *TEENAGE girls
Abstract

Introduction: Latinx immigrant-origin youth (IOY) have unique risks for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. It has been suggested that these risks should be addressed from an ecological perspective, addressing cultural and family context as well as structural and systemic barriers to prevention. This study sought to explore perspectives of immigrant-origin Latinx adolescents and their caregivers on suicide and its prevention, including the potential impact of stressors specific to immigrant status. Method: Focus groups were conducted in 2018–2019 with Latinx immigrant-origin caregivers (N = 41, 97.5% female) and adolescents (ages = 14–19, N = 56, 50% female). Participants were recruited from community-based organizations in two different cities. A codebook approach to thematic analysis was used to identify themes, which were subsequently mapped onto levels of the Center for Disease Control's Social-Ecological Framework for Violence Prevention. Results: Participants identified both contributors to suicidal behavior and potential components of prevention programming across ecological levels. Specific recommendations for suicide prevention included engaging in recreation, parenting education and support, enhancing academic supports for adolescents, and enhancing school–family communication. Structural barriers (e.g., caregiver work schedules) to implementing recommendations were described. Discussion: Our results highlight the potential role of access to school and community-based supports as public health-oriented suicide prevention strategies and suggest a need to address barriers faced by immigrant families in accessing these supports alongside addressing barriers to mental health treatment. Policies impacting immigrant families' financial stability and increasing the availability of recreational and academic opportunities may promote mental health and prevent suicidal thoughts and behavior among IOY. Public Significance Statement: This study highlights actionable recommendations from immigrant-origin Latinx youth and their caregivers for community-based suicide prevention programming. Results suggest a role for upstream interventions targeting positive youth development, caregiver–child communication, school-based supports, and neighborhood resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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