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Pada situasi pandemi seperti saat ini permintaan terhadap produk obat herbal mengalami peningkatan. Buah mengkudu merupakan salah satu tanaman obat herbal yang dipercaya masyarakat memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan orang yang mengkonsumsinya. Industri obat herbal tradisional di Indonesia bersifat padat karya dan didominasi oleh pelaku UMKM. Salah satu UMKM yang memproduksi obat herbal (sari buah mengkudu) adalah UD ZAM yang didirikan oleh Akhmad Muadi. Lokasi produksi berada di Jalan Tembokrejo Gang I Dusun Ampeldendo, Dusun Bagorejo Kecamatan Gumukmas, Jember, Jawa Timur. Dalam melakukan proses produksinya, UD ZAM mendapatkan pasokan buah mengkudu dari para petani di wilayah sekitar. Meningkatnya permintaan produk Jus Sari Mengkudu menuntut UD ZAM agar dapat menjamin ketersediaan bahan baku (buah mengkudu) untuk menjaga kontinuitas proses produksinya. Akan tetapi para petani mengkudu masih minim informasi tentang cara budidaya tanaman mengkudu yang benar dan tepat. Petani mitra sangat membutuhkan petunjuk berupa teknik budidaya yang dapat mengoptimalkan produksi tanaman mengkudu. Aturan budidaya tanaman mengkudu yang terstandarisasi tersebut sering disebut GAP (Good Agriculture Practice). Maka dari itu diperlukan Bimbingan Teknis tentang Praktik Budidaya Mengkudu yang baik dan tepat dan juga saprotan (sarana produksi pertanian) agar dapat dihasilkan buah mengkudu yang sehat dan berkualitas (bebas bahan kimia). Kegiatan bimbingan teknis (pelatihan) yang diberikan kepada peserta berjalan dengan lancar dan sukses. Petani mitra kini memahami tentang prosedur standar dalam teknik budidaya tanaman sehingga dapat diperoleh tanaman mengkudu yang sehat sehingga dapat menghasilkan buah dengan standar mutu industri.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic, corrosive, and flammable gas. The presence of H2S gas can be reduced by a permeation method using PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) membranes and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) membranes. This H2S gas passed through the membrane and was then captured by the SAOB (Sulfide Anhydride Oxidant Buffer) in S2- species form. A visible spectrophotometer was applied for the analysis of passed H2S gas. Using a PTFE membrane, the optimum flow rate was obtained at 14.71 mL/min, with a mass flux of 0.825 kg/m2.hour, permeability coefficient of 0.696 kg/m2.hour.bar, and percent removal of H2S gas was 88.14%. The optimum flow rate for the SAOB was obtained at a rate of 0.30 mL/min with a mass flux of 0.843 kg/m2.hour and a percent removal of H2S gas of 89.98%. Based on the results obtained on the PVDF membrane, the mass flux produced in the optimization of H2S gas is 0.742 kg/cm2.hour, and the optimization of the SAOB solution is 0.754 kg/cm2.hour. The resulting permeability coefficient value is 0.741 kg/cm2.hour. The results indicate that this study can remove H2S gas at the optimum H2S gas flow rate of 4.76 mL/minute of 94.89% and the optimum SAOB flow rate of 0.3 mL/minute of 95.66%

One of the factors that determine the formation of the membrane is the solution in the coagulation bath (non-solvent). In this study, the effect of pH treatment on the coagulation bath solution on membrane formation and its effect on membrane performance will be studied. The pH of the coagulation bath used was pH 1, 6.8 and 12. As the results, physically the three pH treatments produced the same white (opaque) membrane. Through morphological analysis, it appears that the three pH treatments produced an asymmetric membrane consisting of a top layer and a sublayer. The surface of the membrane with pH 1 treatment showed a denser surface than the pH 6.8 and pH 12 treatments. The results of the membrane performance characterization showed that the membrane permeability coefficient of the membrane with pH treatment was in the following order pH 1 < pH 12 < pH 6.8. While the value of the rejection coefficient showed that the membrane treated at pH 1 did not detect rejection because there was no permeate coming out, while at the treatment at pH 6.8 and 12, the rejection coefficient values were 74% and 76%, respectively.

Biodiesel is an alternative renewable energy source derived from plants or animals. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions mostly caused by fossil fuels and threatens the environment. Furthermore, biodiesel is clean energy from a mixture of fatty acids and short-chain alcohols, such as esters, produced from oil waste through the transesterification and purification of the dry washing process using magnesium silicate hydrate. This study designed the Response Surface Methodology with the Box Behnken Design consisting of 3 independent variables, namely magnesium silicate hydrate concentration, temperature, and production time required to predict the optimum conditions of biodiesel. This result showed that the biodiesel produced is 85-94.50% with a minimum yield of 85.171% at a 1.6748% adsorbent concentration, 65℃ operating temperature, and 10 minutes. Furthermore, the validation result with the T-Test is achieved by an average of 85.01%.

Conversion of lignocellulosic biowastes from agricultural industry into nanocrystalline cellulose provides pathway to reduce environmental pollution while enhancing the economic value of biowastes. Nanocellulose (NCC) with uniform morphology was isolated from pepper (Piper nigrum L.) stalk waste (PW) using acid hydrolysis method. The role of inorganic acids (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid), organic acids (oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid) and variation of sonication times were investigated on the physicochemical characteristics, self-assembled structure, crystallinity, particle size, zeta potential and thermal stability of the isolated nanocellulose. Hydrolysis using inorganic acids transformed cellulose from PW into a spherical shaped NCC at ~33-67 nm of average diameter. Meanwhile hydrolysis in organic acids produced rod-shaped NCC at 210-321 nm in length. This study highlighted the role of acidity strength for organic acid and inorganic acid in controlling the level of hydrogen bond dissociation and the dissolution of amorphous fragments, which consequently directing the morphology and the physicochemical properties of NCCs.

CV Medipety Nusantara adalah mitra kegiatan yang merupakan unit usaha produksi asap cair yang berada di desa Patemon, kecamatan Tanggul, Kabupaten Jember. Produk asap cair yang dihasilkan mitra kegiatan masuk dalam katagori asap cair grade 2. Permasalahan utama unit usaha ini adalah terbatasnya segmen pasar dan minimnya varian produk berbasis asap cair. Dengan demikian diperlukan solusi untuk mengatasi permasahan dari mitra kegiatan ini. Kegiatan PKM ini secara umum bertujuan mengembangkan produk asap cair dari mitra kegiatan melalui teknik pemurnian asap cair. Secara khusus kegiatan ini bertujuan (1) memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan tentang pemurnian asap cair untuk meningkatkan kualitas produksi asap cair dengan grade 1 sekaligus sebagai varian baru produk asap cair. (2) mengembangkan pemasaran produk asap cair berbasis web. Untuk mencapai sasaran kegiatan, metode yang dilakukan meliputi pelatihan pemurnian produk asap cair dan pengembangan strategi pemasaran melalui pemasaran berbasis web. Kegiatan pelatihan ini diikuti dengan pendampingan sebanyak tiga kali oleh tim kegiatan. Kegiatan pelatihan dan penyuluhan tentang penggunaan alat distilasi agar didapatkan produk grade 1 dilakukan di tempat mitra, sedangkan pelatihan tentang pengembangan web dan juga media penjualan online dialkukan di Jurusan Kimia oleh salah satu tim. Setelah pelatihan yang dilakukan di waktu berikutnya diadakan monitoring tentang penggunaan alat distilasi dan kendala di lapang.

A synthesis of the emeraldine salt@porangcomposite was synthesized using the in situ chemical polymerization method to form the ES@Porang composite. Polymerization using ammonium peroxodisulphate as an initiator in the aniline oxidative polymerization process and using H2SO4doping. The composite films were prepared with variations in dopant concentration and variations in the amount of glucomannan. Characterization of the ES@Porang composite using FTIR and conductivity testing using an LCR-meter. The optimum conductivity values ​​of the ES@Porangcomposite thin film with variations in dopant concentration and amount of glucomannan were 24.3 x 10-3, 58.2 x 10-3, and 84,3 x 10-3S/cm respectively. &nbsp

The synthesized of emeraldine-salt-polyaniline composites were synthesized using in situ chemical polymerization to form the ES-PANI-glucomannan composites and the ES-PANI-cellulose composites using the batch, and spray method. Polyaniline can be composed of glucomannan and cellulose matrics because they are abundant, cheap, and environmentally friendly. The Ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) is used as an initiator for the process of oxidative polymerization of aniline and using HCl and HCOOH doping. Characterization of ES-PANI-Glucomannan and ES-PANI-Cellulose composites using FT-IR and conductivity test using LCR-meter. The ES-PANI-Glucomannan composite used the HCl doped batch method, and the conductivity values optimum ​​were 3,68 x 10-3S/cm, the ES-PANI-Glucomannan composites used the HCOOH doped batch method, the conductivity values optimum ​​were 5,87 x 10-4S/cm, the ES-PANI-Cellulose composites used the HCl doped batch method, the conductivity values ​​were 1,08 x 10-1S/cm, the ES-PANI-Glucomannan composites used the HCl doped spray method, the conductivity values optimum ​​were 1,23 x 10-7S/cm, and the ES-PANI-Glucomannan composites used the HCOOH doped spray method, the conductivity values ​​ optimum were 9,20 x 10-8S/cm. The results of the study showed that the highest conductivity values ​​ were found for the ES-PANI-Glucomannan and ES-PANI-Cellulosa composites in the batch method of HCl, and HCOOH doping. &nbsp

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is one of the many herbs which known as an anticancer agent. Nanoencapsulated form of noni extracts could help the body absorption and able to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro. This study was conducted to examine the anticancer activity of nanoencapsulated noni extracts in vivo as the anti-proliferation agent of cancer cells. Noni extract was obtained by maceration method using water as a solvent. The nanocapsule of noni extracts was made using the ionic gelation method by magnetic stirrer with the speed of 1500 rpm. In vivo anticancer activity test was conducted in Balb/c male mice by comparing the treatment of nanoencapsulation noni extracts and non-encapsulated extracts. The result showed that the nanoencapsulated noni extracts have a particle size of 27-59 nm. Percent of inhibition of nanocapsule on cancer cells (specifically on fibrosarcoma of Balb/c male mice) were equal to 54.75% (P2), while non-encapsulated is 49.72% (P1). Nanocapsule of noni extracts has anticancer activity better than non-encapsulated form on fibrosarcoma of Balb/c male mice. Keywords: anticancer, nanoencapsulation, noni extract

Jayus J, Akroman R, Nurhayati, Nugraha AS, Piluharto B, Seviour RJ. 2021. Structural elucidation of the exopolysaccharide produced by Curvularia lunata isolate RJ01. Biodiversitas 22: 2699-2705. An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was recovered from culture filtrates of the fungus Curvularia lunata isolate RJ01 prepared in Jember, Indonesia. Based on a prominent peak at 883 cm-1, FTIR analysis suggested it is a ?-D-glucan, a proposal confirmed by subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis which showed anomeric protons omit the signal at d4.37 and 4.8 ppm, and sugar proton signal in the region of 2.5 to 4.2 ppm. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the acid hydrolysates of this glucan revealed the presence of glucose (64%) and a mixture of galactose and mannose (36%). Digestion with (1-->3)-?- and (1-->6)-?-glucanase from Acremonium sp. IMI 383068 gave consistent linear products of (1-->3)-?-glycosidic linkages, since the glucan was digested by (1-->3)-?-glucanase only. The rheological behavior of aqueous EPS solution suggests it behaves as a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid and thus has the potential for use as a thickening agent in foods. This study is the first report on the structural elucidation of EPS from C. lunata.

Karang Taruna Karya Muda adalah wadah dan pengembangan pemuda dari desa Pontang, kecamatan Ambulu Kabupaten Jember yang bergerak khususnya dalam bidang kesejahteraan sosial. Program kegiatan dari karang taruna selama ini lebih banyak membantu program dari pemerintahan desa seperti gotong royong, keolahragaan dan kegiatan peringatan hari besar nasional dan keagamaan. Kegiatan yang diarahkan pada tumbuhnya kewirausahaan bagi para pemuda belum banyak dilakukan. Wilayah desa Pontang sebagai daerah pertanian dan memiliki jumlah  pemuda usia produktif yang banyak memiliki potensi untuk mengembangkan suatu usaha berbasis sumber daya lokal. Kegiatan pengabadian yang dilakuan oleh tim ini bertujuan mengembangkan keterampilan pemuda karang taruna melalui pembuatan briket dengan bahan baku utama limbah pertanian yang melimpah di desa Pontang. Bentuk kegiatan ini berupa penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan briket. Kegiatan penyuluhan dilakukan dengan metode ceramah tentang  potensi pemuda untuk berwirausaha, potensi limbah pertanian menjadi material yang bernilai ekonomis dan briket sebagai alternatif bahan bakar pengganti minyak bumi. Sementara pelatihan ditekankan pada pembuatan briket menggunakan limbah pertanian sebagai bahan bakunya.  Setelah kegiatan pelatihan selesai kemudian dilakukan kegiatan pendampingan sampai perserta pelatihan yait u pemuda karang taruna mahir membuat briket. Hasil kegiatan yang diperoleh adalah pemuda karang taruna mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang potensi-potensi limbah pertanian menjadi barang yang bernilai ekonomi dan briket merupakan salah satu potensi tersebut. Selain itu pemuda juga mendapatkan ketrampilan pembuatan briket menggunakan bahan-bahan berbasis limbah pertanian.Luaran pelatihan ini berupa produk briket yang dibuat secara mandiri oleh pemuda karang taruna. Hasil pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan wirausaha pemuda karang taruna khususnya dalam pembuatan briket dan mendorong para pemuda karang taruna untuk berwirausaha.

The protein adsorption was interesting study, especially in the biological fluidic application. In the present study, we study the protein adsorption behavior on the bacterial cellulose and modified bacterial cellulose. In here, bacterial cellulose was modified by acid hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid. The contact time and pH were used as variable to study protein adsorption behavior on the modified bacterial cellulose. As the results, based on functional group analysis, there are not different between bacterial cellulose and modified bacterial cellulose. However, after modification, there was increasing of crystallinity of bacterial cellulose from 84.5% to be 87.7%. In the protein adsorption study, increasing the contact time increase percent adsorption until contact time of 90 minutes, however the further contact time relatively constant. The protein adsorption on both of bacterial cellulose and modified bacterial cellulose decreases, following the increase of pH.

Blending polymer CA/PSf was prepared using N.N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent and PEG400 as an additive in membrane fabrication. The phase inversion method using immersion precipitation process was carried out to make the membrane CA/PSf. Membrane CA/PSf characterized by measuring the contact angle of the membrane to determine the membrane hydrophilicity. Performance of membrane is measured using water flux and rejection of dextran 70 kDa and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) 67 kDa. The contact angle of the membrane CA/PSf which amounted to 50° until 63°, so it can be categorized as hydrophilic membranes, because the value of the contact angle is lower than 90°. The resulting water flux membranes CA/PSf from 3.8708 L.m−2.h−1 to 10.462 L.m−2.h−1. Dextran rejection generated which is equal from 40.24% to 89.53%, while the BSA rejection of membrane from 36.21% to 81.68%. Increasing the composition of PSf produces contact angle and water flux increased, but the rejection of dextran and BSA decreased. Resilience fouling membranes CA/PSf is measured by Relative water Flux Reduction (RFR) and Fouling Resistance. RFR membranes CA/PSf which amounted from 9.445% to 32.75%, while the membrane fouling resistant CA/PSf ranged from 0.6725 to 0.9055. RFR is higher when the amount of PSf increased and indicating that their membranes are prone to fouling, it also can be evidenced by the decreased value of resistance fouling when the composition of PSf increase.

Selulosa merupakan salah satu biopolimer melimpah yang banyak digunakan dalam berbagai bidang seperti kertas, energi dan material komposit. Hidrofilisitas, dapat diperbaharui, ramah lingkungan dan aman adalah sifat-sifat selulosa yang dapat berpotensi menjadi material maju. Berdasarkan sifat-sifatnya, selulosa dapat dimodifikasi untuk menghasilkan sifat fungsional yang sesuai dengan aplikasinya. Dalam penelitian ini, selulosa mikrokristalin (MCC) dimodifikasi melalui metode hidrolisis asam. Prinsip metode ini adalah penghilangan bagian amorf pada selulosa oleh asam, meninggalkan bagian kristal. Selain itu, ketika asam digunakan sebagai agen hidrolisis, maka akan menghasilkan muatan permukaan pada selulosa. Dalam penelitian ini, pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi asam pada struktur kimia, kristalinitas, morfologi dan muatan permukaan telah dikaji. Perubahan struktur selulosa dianalisis menggunakan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), kristalinitas menggunakan X-ray Diffraction (XRD), morfologi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan muatan permukaan menggunakan titrasi konduktomteri. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan masuknya gugus sulfat pada struktur selulosa. Analisis XRD menunjukkan peningkatan kristallinitas dalam selulosa termodifikasi seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi asam. Hasil analisis morfologi menunjukkan partikel dalam selulosa termodifikasi (CM) lebih tersebar daripada MCC. Analisis titrasi konduktometri menunjukkan bahwa mengalami peningkatan muatan permukaan pada CM seiring dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi asam. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh konsentrasi asam sulfat pada hidrolisis selulosa memberikan dampak yang signifikan pada sifat fisik dan muatan permukaan.Effect of Acid Concentration on Physical Properties and Surface charge of Modified Cellulose. Cellulose is one of abundant biopolymer that many widely used in various applications such as paper, energy and composite material. Hydrophilicity, renewable, biodegradable, and safety are cellulose properties that can became potential of advance materials. In the utilization, cellulose can be modified its properties for different purposes. In this work, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was modified by acid hydrolysis method. The principle of this method is removed amorphous region of cellulose by acid and leaving crystalline phase. Moreover, when acid was used as hydrolyzing agent, it produce the surface charge on cellulose. In this research, the effect of various concentration of acid on the chemical structure, crystallinity, morphology and surface charge have studied. The chemical structures were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), crystallinity using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and surface charge using titration conductometric. The FTIR analysis result has successfully showed the entry of sulfate groups on the cellulose structure. The XRD analysis showed increasing crystallinity in Cellulose Modified (CM) with increase acid concentration. By morphology analysis, particles in CM more disperse than MCC. Analysis of conductometric titration shows that there is an increase in surface charge in CM as acid concentration increases. Thus, the effect of sulfuric acid concentration on hydrolysis of cellulose has a significant impact on physical properties and surface charge.

Coagulation-flocculation is one of the waste water treatments using coagulant/flocculants agent. Using coagulant/flocculants based on natural polymers were many used due to many available, renewable source, and environment friendly. One of that coagulant/flocculants was chitosan that can be produced through deacetylation of chitin. Amino groups in the chitosan structure play important role in the coagulant/flocculants process. The aim of research is using chitosan-based coagulants in the coagulation-flocculation of kaolin suspension. In here, there were two coagulants type, first, single coagulant which chitosan with different molecular weight added alone in kaolin suspension. Second, mix coagulants which chitosan aid with alum in kaolin suspension. As the result, functional group analysis showed that chitosan with different molecular weight have the same functional groups. Increasing molecular weight of chitosan increase NH2 groups and degree of deacetylation. The removing turbidity of kaolin suspension showed that increasing molecular weight chitosan increase removing turbidity of kaolin suspension. Using double coagulant (chitosan and tawas) have the removing turbidity greater than single coagulant.

Sulfonated polysulfone membrane is one of the alternative membranes as replacing Nafion membrane for the fuel cell application. This membrane was prepared by introducing sulfonic group in the polysulfone structure backbone, so that provides the ionic membrane. However, more ionic groups in the SPSF membrane lead to loss mechanical stability. This study aims to prepare the hybrid membrane from SPSF and bentonite. In here, various of bentonite concentrations were used as variable to study water uptake and ion-exchange capacity properties. As the results, increasing bentonite concentrations lead to increase water uptake and ion-exchange capacity. By the functional group analysis, proved that adding bentonite in SPSF did not change structure of SPSF, means that interaction between SPSF and bentonite were physical interactions.

The effectiveness of fixed charge in sulfonated polysulfone membranes and its correlation with proton conductivity and physicochemical properties have been investigated in this work. The membranes were prepared with various concentrations of sulfonating agent (6% to 10% v/v) and followed by the characterizations that include membrane potential measurements, proton conductivity, and physicochemical properties (contact angle, water uptake, and ion-exchange capacity). Here, the effective fixed-charge concentrations of the membranes were obtained based on the data of membrane potential measurements using the Teorell–Meyer–Siever equation. The analysis results exhibit that a strong correlation between effective charge concentration and proton conductivity, which is expressed by the linear increase of proton conductivity with QX. This correlation is also supported by the membranes physicochemical data, such as water uptake, ionic exchange capacity, surface contact angle against water and functional analysis using FTIR. Finally, it was also developed an ionic conductivity equation that describes the correlation between proton conductivity and QX values.

Membran blend biodegradabel dengan kestabilan termal dan mekanik yang berasal dari gabungan kitosan dan PVA telah dihasilkan melalui dua tahapan. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan proses pelarutan kitosan dan poli vinil alkohol dan selanjutnya pencampuran kitosan/PVA dan asam oksalat sebagai agen pengikat silang. Asam asetat dan air dipilih sebagai pelarut untuk kitosan dan PVA. Beberapa variasi dalam proses seperti perbandingan konsentrasi kitosan:PVA, konsentrasi agen pengikat silang dan pH buffer, dijadikan sebagai parameter pada penelitian ini. Kerapatan hidrogel dan kuat tarik mengalami kenaikan seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi agen pengikat silang dan PVA dengan konsentrasi kitosan paling rendah. Namun derajat swelling memiliki trend yang berbeda dimana naiknya derajat swelling diperoleh seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi kitosan dengan kondisi konsentrasi agen pengikat silang dan PVA paling rendah. Keberhasilan proses blending dan ikat silang ditunjukkan dari hasil spektra infra merah dimana analisa spektrum infra merah dari hidrogel kitosan murni dan hidrogel kitosan/PVA menunjukkan kenaikan intensitas serapan pada daerah amida (1600 cm -1 sampai 1670 cm -1 ), hal ini menguatkan dugaan terbentuknya ikatan silang antara asam oksalat sebagai crosslinker dengan kitosan. Kata kunci: membran blend, kitosan/PVA, asam oksalat, pengikat silang. Abstract Biodegradable blend membranes with thermal and mechanical stability based on combination of chitosan and PVA have been produced through two stages. In the first stage, chitosan and PVA are dissolved and further mixing chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol with oxalic acid as crosslinking agents. Acetic acid and water are selected as solvents for chitosan and PVA. Some variations in the process such as comparison of chitosan:PVA concentration, concentration of crosslinking agent and pH of buffer, are used as parameters in this study. The hydrogel density and tensile strength increased with increasing concentration of crosslinking agent and PVA with the lowest concentration of chitosan. However, the degree of swelling has a distinct trend in which the increase of degree of swelling is obtained along with the increase of chitosan concentration with the lowest concentration of crosslinking agent and PVA. The success of the blending and crosslinking process is shown by the results of infrared spectra where infrared spectrum analyzes from purified chitosan hydrogels and chitosan/chloride hydrogels show an increase in absorption intensity in the amide area (1600 cm -1 to 1670 cm -1 ), this reinforces the alleged crosslinking formation between oxalic acid as crosslinker and chitosan. Keywords: blend membrane, chitosan: PVA, crosslinker.

The aim of recearch is study the effect of MSG in coagulation basin on cellulose acetat membranes properties. It was preparated by phase inversion technique. As the result showed that the higher the concentration of MSG in coagulation basin, which is character of membrane permeability coefficients and lower water flux. Dextran rejection of 11, 40, 100-200, and 500 kDa increased. The morphology analysis has shown that sub layer membranes structure with 2% MSG addition more uniform than 0,5% MSG addition.Keywords: cellulose acetat, phase inversion, MSG, coagulation basin

Identification of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and diclofenac can be done by using simple method, it is called test strips. Test s trip is made by immobilized specific reagents with entrapment technical on membrane matrix, which the used membrane nata de coco. Immobilization reagents with entrapment techniques aimed to trap reagent molecules in the space between the supporting material . The success of this imobilization can be seen from membran changing color after additional reagent and there is no leeching after additional sample on membrane. The used reagent for this identification is methyl red for ibuprofen and ketorpofen, copper acetate for ibuprofen, potassium iodide for ketorofen and mandelin for diclofenac. From the testing result can be seen that potassium iodide is the most specific reagent compare with the other threee other reagents. By using tes strip arranged with the strip made by this imobilization, test srtrip can be used to differentiate the tree other standard samples. Keywords: entrapment, nata de coco membrane, reagent spesific, test strip.

In the separation process of solution containing protein, interaction between membrane surface and protein can cause fouling irreversibely. So, efficiency of filtration process will decline. In this research, to improve the effeciency of filtration was done by modification of membrane using UV-photografting technique. Acrylic acid had been introduced topolysulphone membrane via this technique. The hydrophylic membrane was obtained. The membrane performance was evaluated in soymilk fouling test. The first step of research had obtained PSF membrane optimation about PSF 18%. In second step, the research was focused on the modification and characterization of PSF membrane by UV-Fotografting tehchnique. In this technique, monomer concentration and radiation time was used as variable. As the result, PSF membrane had been modificated succesfully by UV- photografting tehchnique with optimum condition in 15 minutes time radiation and concentration of acrylic acid 5%. Performance of modified membranes (flux and permselectivity) were better than unmodified membranes. The fouling test showed that the modified membranes have reduced fouling degree significantly. Keywords : Ultrafiltration membrane, UV-photografting, flux and permselectivity, fouling