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8 results on '"Balzarini, Fabio"'

1. Deciphering the chemical language of the immunomodulatory properties of Veillonella parvula lipopolysaccharide

Author

European Commission, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Pither, Molly D. [0000-0003-4819-3780], Andretta, Emanuela [0000-0002-4402-0914], Rocca, Giuseppe [0000-0002-4825-6748], Balzarini, Fabio [0000-0002-7729-9472], Matamoros-Recio, Alejandra [0000-0003-1563-9408], Colicchio, Roberta [0000-0002-4861-5085], Salvatore, Paola [0000-0002-7294-9253], Van Kooyk, Yvette [0000-0001-5997-3665], Silipo, A. [0000-0002-5394-6532], Granucci, Francesca [0000-0002-7046-4914], Martín-Santamaría, Sonsoles [0000-0002-7679-0155], Chiodo, Fabrizio [0000-0003-3619-9982], Di Lorenzo, Flaviana [0000-0003-4821-0114], Pither, Molly D., Andretta, Emanuela, Rocca, Giuseppe, Balzarini, Fabio, Matamoros-Recio, Alejandra, Colicchio, Roberta, Salvatore, Paola, Van Kooyk, Yvette, Silipo, A., Granucci, Francesca, Martín-Santamaría, Sonsoles, Chiodo, Fabrizio, Di Lorenzo, Flaviana, European Commission, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Pither, Molly D. [0000-0003-4819-3780], Andretta, Emanuela [0000-0002-4402-0914], Rocca, Giuseppe [0000-0002-4825-6748], Balzarini, Fabio [0000-0002-7729-9472], Matamoros-Recio, Alejandra [0000-0003-1563-9408], Colicchio, Roberta [0000-0002-4861-5085], Salvatore, Paola [0000-0002-7294-9253], Van Kooyk, Yvette [0000-0001-5997-3665], Silipo, A. [0000-0002-5394-6532], Granucci, Francesca [0000-0002-7046-4914], Martín-Santamaría, Sonsoles [0000-0002-7679-0155], Chiodo, Fabrizio [0000-0003-3619-9982], Di Lorenzo, Flaviana [0000-0003-4821-0114], Pither, Molly D., Andretta, Emanuela, Rocca, Giuseppe, Balzarini, Fabio, Matamoros-Recio, Alejandra, Colicchio, Roberta, Salvatore, Paola, Van Kooyk, Yvette, Silipo, A., Granucci, Francesca, Martín-Santamaría, Sonsoles, Chiodo, Fabrizio, and Di Lorenzo, Flaviana

Abstract

Veillonella parvula, prototypical member of the oral and gut microbiota, is at times commensal yet also potentially pathogenic. The definition of the molecular basis tailoring this contrasting behavior is key for broadening our understanding of the microbiota driven pathogenic and/or tolerogenic mechanisms that take place within our body. In this study, we focused on the chemistry of the main constituent of the outer membrane of V. parvula, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS molecules indeed elicit pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses depending on their chemical structures. Here we report about the structural elucidation of the LPS from two strains of V. parvula and show important and unprecedented differences in both the lipid and carbohydrate moieties, including the identification of a novel galactofuranose and mannitol-containing O-antigen repeating unit for one of the two strains. Furthermore, by harnessing computational studies, in vitro human cell models, as well as lectin binding solid phase assays, we discovered that the two chemically diverse LPS immunologically behave differently and have attempted to identify the molecular determinant(s) governing this phenomenon. Whether a pro-inflammatory potential has been evidenced for the lipid A moiety, by contrast a plausible “immune modulating” action has been proposed for the peculiar O-antigen portion.

Published
2024

2. Deciphering the Chemical Language of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Veillonella parvula Lipopolysaccharide

Author

Pither, Molly Dorothy, primary, Andretta, Emanuela, additional, Rocca, Giuseppe, additional, Balzarini, Fabio, additional, Matamoros‐Recio, Alejandra, additional, Colicchio, Roberta, additional, Salvatore, Paola, additional, van Kooyk, Yvette, additional, Silipo, Alba, additional, Granucci, Francesca, additional, Martin‐Santamaria, Sonsoles, additional, Chiodo, Fabrizio, additional, Molinaro, Antonio, additional, and Di Lorenzo, Flaviana, additional

Published
2024
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3. THE FUNCTIONAL SAFETY REVOLUTION in Electrohydraulics

Author

Balzarini, Fabio

Subjects
Machinery -- Safety and security measures, Safety regulations -- Safety and security measures, Technology, Industrial Revolution, ca. 1750-1900, Engineers, Business, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

EVERYONE HAS SEEN how digital technology has been changing our lives and, with the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is the central focus in the industrial sector. Digitalization has [...]

Published
2020

4. Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition

Author

Broggi, A, Ghosh, S, Sposito, B, Spreafico, R, Balzarini, F, Lo Cascio, A, Clementi, N, De Santis, M, Mancini, N, Granucci, F, Zanoni, I, Broggi, Achille, Ghosh, Sreya, Sposito, Benedetta, Spreafico, Roberto, Balzarini, Fabio, Lo Cascio, Antonino, Clementi, Nicola, De Santis, Maria, Mancini, Nicasio, Granucci, Francesca, Zanoni, Ivan, Broggi, A, Ghosh, S, Sposito, B, Spreafico, R, Balzarini, F, Lo Cascio, A, Clementi, N, De Santis, M, Mancini, N, Granucci, F, Zanoni, I, Broggi, Achille, Ghosh, Sreya, Sposito, Benedetta, Spreafico, Roberto, Balzarini, Fabio, Lo Cascio, Antonino, Clementi, Nicola, De Santis, Maria, Mancini, Nicasio, Granucci, Francesca, and Zanoni, Ivan

Abstract

Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are a leading cause of mortality. Mounting evidence indicates that most severe cases are characterized by aberrant immune responses and do not depend on viral burden. In this study, we assessed how type III interferons (IFN-l) contribute to the pathogenesis induced by RNA viruses. We report that IFN-l is present in the lower, but not upper, airways of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In mice, we demonstrate that IFN-l produced by lung dendritic cells in response to a synthetic viral RNA induces barrier damage, causing susceptibility to lethal bacterial superinfections. These findings provide a strong rationale for rethinking the pathophysiological role of IFN-l and its possible use in clinical practice against endemic viruses, such as influenza virus as well as the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Published
2020

6. Digital servovalves provide platen parallelism

Author

Balzarini, Fabio

Subjects
Business, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

Press brakes are machines that perform precise bending of large sheet metal pieces. And as in any industrial production environment, time is money, so high-speed operation is essential for maximum [...]

Published
2007

7. Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition

Author

Maria De Santis, Nicasio Mancini, Achille Broggi, Fabio Balzarini, Roberto Spreafico, Francesca Granucci, Nicola Clementi, Ivan Zanoni, Antonino Lo Cascio, Benedetta Sposito, Sreya Ghosh, Broggi, A, Ghosh, S, Sposito, B, Spreafico, R, Balzarini, F, Lo Cascio, A, Clementi, N, De Santis, M, Mancini, N, Granucci, F, Zanoni, I, Broggi, Achille, Ghosh, Sreya, Sposito, Benedetta, Spreafico, Roberto, Balzarini, Fabio, Lo Cascio, Antonino, Clementi, Nicola, De Santis, Maria, Mancini, Nicasio, Granucci, Francesca, and Zanoni, Ivan

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, viruses, Immunology, Orthomyxoviridae, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Interferon, Report, medicine, 030304 developmental biology, Coronavirus, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Innate immune system, Lung, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, 030306 microbiology, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, interferons, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, Viral load, Reports, medicine.drug
Abstract

Interferons interfere with lung repair Interferons (IFNs) are central to antiviral immunity. Viral recognition elicits IFN production, which in turn triggers the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which engage in various antiviral functions. Type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) are widely expressed and can result in immunopathology during viral infections. By contrast, type III IFN (IFN-λ) responses are primarily restricted to mucosal surfaces and are thought to confer antiviral protection without driving damaging proinflammatory responses. Accordingly, IFN-λ has been proposed as a therapeutic in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other such viral respiratory diseases (see the Perspective by Grajales-Reyes and Colonna). Broggi et al. report that COVID-19 patient morbidity correlates with the high expression of type I and III IFNs in the lung. Furthermore, IFN-λ secreted by dendritic cells in the lungs of mice exposed to synthetic viral RNA causes damage to the lung epithelium, which increases susceptibility to lethal bacterial superinfections. Similarly, using a mouse model of influenza infection, Major et al. found that IFN signaling (especially IFN-λ) hampers lung repair by inducing p53 and inhibiting epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Complicating this picture, Hadjadj et al. observed that peripheral blood immune cells from severe and critical COVID-19 patients have diminished type I IFN and enhanced proinflammatory interleukin-6– and tumor necrosis factor-α–fueled responses. This suggests that in contrast to local production, systemic production of IFNs may be beneficial. The results of this trio of studies suggest that the location, timing, and duration of IFN exposure are critical parameters underlying the success or failure of therapeutics for viral respiratory infections. Science , this issue p. 706 , p. 712 , p. 718 ; see also p. 626

Published
2020

8. Deciphering the Chemical Language of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Veillonella parvula Lipopolysaccharide.

Author

Pither MD, Andretta E, Rocca G, Balzarini F, Matamoros-Recio A, Colicchio R, Salvatore P, van Kooyk Y, Silipo A, Granucci F, Martin-Santamaria S, Chiodo F, Molinaro A, and Di Lorenzo F

Subjects
Humans, Veillonella metabolism, Lipid A, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Lipopolysaccharides metabolism, O Antigens metabolism
Abstract

Veillonella parvula, prototypical member of the oral and gut microbiota, is at times commensal yet also potentially pathogenic. The definition of the molecular basis tailoring this contrasting behavior is key for broadening our understanding of the microbiota-driven pathogenic and/or tolerogenic mechanisms that take place within our body. In this study, we focused on the chemistry of the main constituent of the outer membrane of V. parvula, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS molecules indeed elicit pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses depending on their chemical structures. Herein we report the structural elucidation of the LPS from two strains of V. parvula and show important and unprecedented differences in both the lipid and carbohydrate moieties, including the identification of a novel galactofuranose and mannitol-containing O-antigen repeating unit for one of the two strains. Furthermore, by harnessing computational studies, in vitro human cell models, as well as lectin binding solid-phase assays, we discovered that the two chemically diverse LPS immunologically behave differently and have attempted to identify the molecular determinant(s) governing this phenomenon. Whereas pro-inflammatory potential has been evidenced for the lipid A moiety, by contrast a plausible "immune modulating" action has been proposed for the peculiar O-antigen portion., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Published
2024
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