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Introduction L'augmentation des transaminases après hépatectomie est considérée comme un marqueur fiable de la souffrance hépatocytaire et le clampage pédiculaire comme le principal responsable de cette souffrance. Plusieurs études n'ont cependant pas trouvé de corrélation stricte entre la cytolyse postopératoire et la durée du clampage. Nous avons donc étudié de façon prospective la cinétique des transaminases durant et après une hépatectomie majeure. Matériels et Méthodes Entre Juin 2003 et Avril 2004, 52 patients, âgés de 53 ± 14 ans, ayant eu une hépatectomie droite élective et sans geste associé, ont été inclus dans cette étude. Deux des auteurs (VT et AB) ont réalisé des prélèvements sanguins séquentiels pour dosage des transaminases (AST et ALT) avant l'incision, avant la section parenchymateuse, avant la fermeture, puis à J1, 2, 5 et 7 postopératoires. L'hépatectomie a été réalisée sous clampage intermittent (15 à 64 minutes, moyenne 37) chez 42 patients et sans clampage chez 10 patients. Ces deux groupes de patients étaient comparables. Résultats Les concentrations d'AST et d'ALT étaient respectivement de 28 ± 8 et 30 ± 10 avant l'incision, de 152 ± 83 et 144 ± 116 avant la section parenchymateuse et de 304 ± 186 et 273 ± 187 avant la fermeture. Les concentrations avant la fermeture étaient comparables chez les patients ayant ou n'ayant pas eu de clampage pédiculaire (AST : 308 ± 194 vs 290 ± 156 et ALT : 273 ± 187 vs 275 ± 198). Les concentrations postopératoires de transaminases étaient également comparables chez les patients ayant ou n'ayant pas eu de clampage (AST J1 302 ± 118 vs 303 ± 133, J2 165 ± 70 vs 181 ± 85, J5 74 ± 32 vs 76 ± 43, J7 57 ± 18 vs 55 ± 17 ; ALT J1 326 ± 148 vs 286 ± 100, J2 258 ± 148 vs 215 ± 69, J5 135 ± 59 vs 114 ± 53, J7 83 ± 43 vs 84 ± 30). Conclusion Au cours des hépatectomies, les transaminases augmentent précocement, avant la section parenchymateuse et leur cinétique postopératoire n'est pas influencée par le clampage pédiculaire. Ces résultats suggèrent que la souffrance hépatocytaire, au cours des hépatectomies, peut avoir d'autres causes que l'ischémie reperfusion.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: It is widely accepted that during liver resections parenchymal ischemia is induced by vascular clamping and assessed on days 1 and 2 by the postoperative increase of serum transaminase level (ALT). This prospective study aimed to identify early changes in ALT level during resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From June 2003, 52 patients (aged 53±14 years) with an elective right hepatectomy, including 42 with intermittent clamping for a mean duration of 37 min (range 15–64), were included. Blood samples were collected during operation (before incision, before liver transection and before abdominal closure) and postoperatively, on days 1, 2, 5 and 7. RESULTS: During operation mean ALT level was 30±10 before incision; 144±116 before transection and 273±187 before abdominal closure. ALT level before abdominal closure was not statistically different in the groups with or without clamping (273±187 vs 275±198). Postoperative mean ALT level was 318±140 on day 1 and 249±137 on day 2 without significant difference according to the presence or not of clamping (326±148 vs 286±100 on day 1 and 258±148 vs 215±69). The mean ALT level before abdominal closure reflected the mean ALT level on day 1 (273±187 vs 318±140). CONCLUSION: During liver resection, the ALT level started to increase early, before parenchymal transection and was not affected by the presence of clamping. The peak of ALT level, which can be anticipated at the end of the procedure, seems to be related to factors other than ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Heart failure represents the final common outcome in cardiovascular diseases. Despite significant therapeutic advances, morbidity and mortality of heart failure remain unacceptably high. Heart failure is preceded and sustained by a process of structural remodeling of the entire cardiac tissue architecture. Prevention or limitation of cardiac remodeling in the early stages of the process is a crucial step in order to ameliorate patient prognosis. Acquisition of novel pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac remodeling is therefore required to develop more efficacious therapeutic strategies. Among all neuroendocrine systems, thyroid hormone seems to play a major homeostatic role in cardiovascular system. In these years, accumulating evidence shows that the “low triiodothyronine” syndrome is a strong prognostic, independent predictor of death in patients affected by both acute and chronic heart disease. In experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy or myocardial infarction, alterations in the thyroid hormone signaling, concerning cardiac mitochondrion, cardiac interstitium, and vasculature, have been suggested to be related to heart dysfunction. The aim of this brief paper is to highlight new developments in understanding the cardioprotective role of thyroid hormone in reverting regulatory networks involved in adverse cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, new recent advances on the role of specific miRNAs in thyroid hormone regulation at mitochondrion and interstitial level are also discussed.

Carcass and flesh morphometric, reological and chemical traits of triploid (3n) and diploid (2n) shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa L.) were evaluated through 7 months. Three age groups, 17-, 21- and 24-month-old fish, were investigated. The effects of ploidy were statistically evaluated and the weight of fish was included in the model as a covariate because triploids grew less than diploids. As expected, fish weight was found to be significantly correlated with all the investigated morphometric traits, but showed a negative correlation with some chemical (pH) and colour traits (lightness) of raw fillet. In comparison with controls, triploid shi drums were characterized by different morphological traits that involved a slender body shape. In triploids, a reduction in condition factor, backbone weight, dressing index and an increase in the agility index were also recorded. When the commercial size (i.e. over 300 g) was achieved, triploids exhibited larger coelomatic and fillet (dorsal white muscle) fat deposition than diploids. Among reological traits, colour and texture were affected by ploidy; raw fillet lightness and cooked flesh tenderness were higher among triploids in all the investigated age groups. As fish were fed with a restricted feeding regimen, fillet fat deposition was supposed to be limited. Thus, the effects of ploidy on reological traits may be only partially explained by lipid fillet amount and are supposed to be more related to different fibre muscle architecture.