Search

Your search keyword '"Baltensperger, U."' showing total 1,223 results
Start Over Author "Baltensperger, U."
1,223 results on '"Baltensperger, U."'

1. Size-dependent influence of NOx on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles

Author

Yan, C, Nie, W, Vogel, AL, Dada, L, Lehtipalo, K, Stolzenburg, D, Wagner, R, Rissanen, MP, Xiao, M, Ahonen, L, Fischer, L, Rose, C, Bianchi, F, Gordon, H, Simon, M, Heinritzi, M, Garmash, O, Roldin, P, Dias, A, Ye, P, Hofbauer, V, Amorim, A, Bauer, PS, Bergen, A, Bernhammer, A-K, Breitenlechner, M, Brilke, S, Buchholz, A, Mazon, S Buenrostro, Canagaratna, MR, Chen, X, Ding, A, Dommen, J, Draper, DC, Duplissy, J, Frege, C, Heyn, C, Guida, R, Hakala, J, Heikkinen, L, Hoyle, CR, Jokinen, T, Kangasluoma, J, Kirkby, J, Kontkanen, J, Kürten, A, Lawler, MJ, Mai, H, Mathot, S, Mauldin, RL, Molteni, U, Nichman, L, Nieminen, T, Nowak, J, Ojdanic, A, Onnela, A, Pajunoja, A, Petäjä, T, Piel, F, Quéléver, LLJ, Sarnela, N, Schallhart, S, Sengupta, K, Sipilä, M, Tomé, A, Tröstl, J, Väisänen, O, Wagner, AC, Ylisirniö, A, Zha, Q, Baltensperger, U, Carslaw, KS, Curtius, J, Flagan, RC, Hansel, A, Riipinen, I, Smith, JN, Virtanen, A, Winkler, PM, Donahue, NM, Kerminen, V-M, Kulmala, M, Ehn, M, and Worsnop, DR

Subjects
Climate Action
Abstract

Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOx. We show that NOx suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOx. By illustrating how NOx affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOx level in forest regions around the globe.

Published
2020

3. Biogenic particles formed in the Himalaya as an important source of free tropospheric aerosols

Author

Bianchi, F., Junninen, H., Bigi, A., Sinclair, V. A., Dada, L., Hoyle, C. R., Zha, Q., Yao, L., Ahonen, L. R., Bonasoni, P., Buenrostro Mazon, S., Hutterli, M., Laj, P., Lehtipalo, K., Kangasluoma, J., Kerminen, V.-M., Kontkanen, J., Marinoni, A., Mirme, S., Molteni, U., Petäjä, T., Riva, M., Rose, C., Sellegri, K., Yan, C., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., Baltensperger, U., and Dommen, J.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Effect of dimethylamine on the gas phase sulfuric acid concentration measured by Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Author

Rondo, L, Ehrhart, S, Kürten, A, Adamov, A, Bianchi, F, Breitenlechner, M, Duplissy, J, Franchin, A, Dommen, J, Donahue, NM, Dunne, EM, Flagan, RC, Hakala, J, Hansel, A, Keskinen, H, Kim, J, Jokinen, T, Lehtipalo, K, Leiminger, M, Praplan, A, Riccobono, F, Rissanen, MP, Sarnela, N, Schobesberger, S, Simon, M, Sipilä, M, Smith, JN, Tomé, A, Tröstl, J, Tsagkogeorgas, G, Vaattovaara, P, Winkler, PM, Williamson, C, Wimmer, D, Baltensperger, U, Kirkby, J, Kulmala, M, Petäjä, T, Worsnop, DR, and Curtius, J

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, CLOUD experiment, nucleation, Chemical Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer, Chemical Ionization‐Atmospheric Pressure interface‐Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract

Sulfuric acid is widely recognized as a very important substance driving atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Based on quantum chemical calculations it has been suggested that the quantitative detection of gas phase sulfuric acid (H2SO4) by use of Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) could be biased in the presence of gas phase amines such as dimethylamine (DMA). An experiment (CLOUD7 campaign) was set up at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber to investigate the quantitative detection of H2SO4 in the presence of dimethylamine by CIMS at atmospherically relevant concentrations. For the first time in the CLOUD experiment, the monomer sulfuric acid concentration was measured by a CIMS and by two CI-APi-TOF (Chemical Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight) mass spectrometers. In addition, neutral sulfuric acid clusters were measured with the CI-APi-TOFs. The CLOUD7 measurements show that in the presence of dimethylamine (

Published
2016

5. Aqueous phase oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone in cloud droplets

Author

Hoyle, CR, Fuchs, C, Jarvinen, E, Saathoff, H, Dias, A, El Haddad, I, Gysel, M, Coburn, SC, Trostl, J, Hansel, A, Bianchi, F, Breitenlechner, M, Corbin, JC, Craven, J, Donahue, NM, Duplissy, J, Ehrhart, S, Frege, C, Gordon, H, Hoppel, N, Heinritzi, M, Kristensen, TB, Molteni, U, Nichman, L, Pinterich, T, Prevôt, ASH, Simon, M, Slowik, JG, Steiner, G, Tome, A, Vogel, AL, Volkamer, R, Wagner, AC, Wagner, R, Wexler, AS, Williamson, C, Winkler, PM, Yan, C, Amorim, A, Dommen, J, Curtius, J, Gallagher, MW, Flagan, RC, Kirkby, J, Kulmala, M, Mohler, O, Stratmann, F, Worsnop, DR, and Baltensperger, U

Subjects
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

The growth of aerosol due to the aqueous phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone was measured in laboratory-generated clouds created in the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Experiments were performed at 10 and-10 °C, on acidic (sulfuric acid) and on partially to fully neutralised (ammonium sulfate) seed aerosol. Clouds were generated by performing an adiabatic expansion-pressurising the chamber to 220 hPa above atmospheric pressure, and then rapidly releasing the excess pressure, resulting in a cooling, condensation of water on the aerosol and a cloud lifetime of approximately 6 min. A model was developed to compare the observed aerosol growth with that predicted using oxidation rate constants previously measured in bulk solutions. The model captured the measured aerosol growth very well for experiments performed at 10 and-10 °C, indicating that, in contrast to some previous studies, the oxidation rates of SO2 in a dispersed aqueous system can be well represented by using accepted rate constants, based on bulk measurements. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first laboratory-based measurements of aqueous phase oxidation in a dispersed, supercooled population of droplets. The measurements are therefore important in confirming that the extrapolation of currently accepted reaction rate constants to temperatures below 0 °C is correct.

Published
2016

6. Aqueous phase oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone in cloud droplets

Author

Hoyle, CR, Fuchs, C, Järvinen, E, Saathoff, H, Dias, A, Haddad, I El, Gysel, M, Coburn, SC, Tröstl, J, Bernhammer, A-K, Bianchi, F, Breitenlechner, M, Corbin, JC, Craven, J, Donahue, NM, Duplissy, J, Ehrhart, S, Frege, C, Gordon, H, Höppel, N, Heinritzi, M, Kristensen, TB, Molteni, U, Nichman, L, Pinterich, T, Prévôt, ASH, Simon, M, Slowik, JG, Steiner, G, Tomé, A, Vogel, AL, Volkamer, R, Wagner, AC, Wagner, R, Wexler, AS, Williamson, C, Winkler, PM, Yan, C, Amorim, A, Dommen, J, Curtius, J, Gallagher, MW, Flagan, RC, Hansel, A, Kirkby, J, Kulmala, M, Möhler, O, Stratmann, F, Worsnop, D, and Baltensperger, U

Subjects
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Abstract. The growth of aerosol due to the aqueous phase oxidation of SO2 by O3 was measured in laboratory generated clouds created in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. Experiments were performed at 10 and −10 °C, on acidic (sulphuric acid) and on partially to fully neutralised (ammonium sulphate) seed aerosol. Clouds were generated by performing an adiabatic expansion – pressurising the chamber to 220 hPa above atmospheric pressure, and then rapidly releasing the excess pressure, resulting in a cooling, condensation of water on the aerosol and a cloud lifetime of approximately 6 min. A model was developed to compare the observed aerosol growth with that predicted by oxidation rates previously measured in bulk solutions. The model captured the measured aerosol growth very well for experiments performed at 10 and −10 °C, indicating that, in contrast to some previous studies, the oxidation rates of SO2 in a dispersed aqueous system are well represented by accepted rates, based on bulk measurements. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first laboratory based measurements of aqueous phase oxidation in a dispersed, super-cooled population of droplets. The measurements are therefore important in confirming that the extrapolation of currently accepted reaction rates to temperatures below 0 °C is correct.

Published
2015

8. Estimating the frequency of extremely energetic solar events, based on solar, stellar, lunar, and terrestrial records

Author

Schrijver, C. J., Beer, J., Baltensperger, U., Cliver, E. W., Guedel, M., Hudson, H. S., McCracken, K. G., Osten, R. A., Peter, Th., Soderblom, D. R., Usoskin, I. G., and Wolff, E. W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The most powerful explosions on the Sun [...] drive the most severe space-weather storms. Proxy records of flare energies based on SEPs in principle may offer the longest time base to study infrequent large events. We conclude that one suggested proxy, nitrate concentrations in polar ice cores, does not map reliably to SEP events. Concentrations of select radionuclides measured in natural archives may prove useful in extending the time interval of direct observations up to ten millennia, but as their calibration to solar flare fluences depends on multiple poorly known properties and processes, these proxies cannot presently be used to help determine the flare energy frequency distribution. Being thus limited to the use of direct flare observations, we evaluate the probabilities of large-energy solar explosions by combining solar flare observations with an ensemble of stellar flare observations. We conclude that solar flare energies form a relatively smooth distribution from small events to large flares, while flares on magnetically-active, young Sun-like stars have energies and frequencies markedly in excess of strong solar flares, even after an empirical scaling with the mean activity level of these stars. In order to empirically quantify the frequency of uncommonly large solar flares extensive surveys of stars of near-solar age need to be obtained, such as is feasible with the Kepler satellite. Because the likelihood of flares larger than approximately X30 remains empirically unconstrained, we present indirect arguments, based on records of sunspots and on statistical arguments, that solar flares in the past four centuries have likely not substantially exceeded the level of the largest flares observed in the space era, and that there is at most about a 10% chance of a flare larger than about X30 in the next 30 years., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures (in press as of 2012/06/18); Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 2012

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Atmospheric composition change – global and regional air quality

Author

Monks, PS, Granier, C, Fuzzi, S, Stohl, A, Williams, ML, Akimoto, H, Amann, M, Baklanov, A, Baltensperger, U, Bey, I, Blake, N, Blake, RS, Carslaw, K, Cooper, OR, Dentener, F, Fowler, D, Fragkou, E, Frost, GJ, Generoso, S, Ginoux, P, Grewe, V, Guenther, A, Hansson, HC, Henne, S, Hjorth, J, Hofzumahaus, A, Huntrieser, H, Isaksen, ISA, Jenkin, ME, Kaiser, J, Kanakidou, M, Klimont, Z, Kulmala, M, Laj, P, Lawrence, MG, Lee, JD, Liousse, C, Maione, M, McFiggans, G, Metzger, A, Mieville, A, Moussiopoulos, N, Orlando, JJ, O'Dowd, CD, Palmer, PI, Parrish, DD, Petzold, A, Platt, U, Pöschl, U, Prévôt, ASH, Reeves, CE, Reimann, S, Rudich, Y, Sellegri, K, Steinbrecher, R, Simpson, D, Brink, H ten, Theloke, J, van der Werf, GR, Vautard, R, Vestreng, V, Vlachokostas, Ch, and von Glasow, R

Subjects
Climate Action, Atmosphere, Troposphere, Air quality, Emissions, Climate, Co-benefit, Oxidation chemistry, Aerosols, Transport of pollutants, Ozone, Statistics, Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Air quality transcends all scales with in the atmosphere from the local to the global with handovers and feedbacks at each scale interaction. Air quality has manifold effects on health, ecosystems, heritage and climate. In this review the state of scientific understanding in relation to global and regional air quality is outlined. The review discusses air quality, in terms of emissions, processing and transport of trace gases and aerosols. New insights into the characterization of both natural and anthropogenic emissions are reviewed looking at both natural (e.g. dust and lightning) as well as plant emissions. Trends in anthropogenic emissions both by region and globally are discussed as well as biomass burning emissions. In terms of chemical processing the major air quality elements of ozone, non-methane hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and aerosols are covered. A number of topics are presented as a way of integrating the process view into the atmospheric context; these include the atmospheric oxidation efficiency, halogen and HOx chemistry, nighttime chemistry, tropical chemistry, heat waves, megacities, biomass burning and the regional hot spot of the Mediterranean. New findings with respect to the transport of pollutants across the scales are discussed, in particular the move to quantify the impact of long-range transport on regional air quality. Gaps and research questions that remain intractable are identified. The review concludes with a focus of research and policy questions for the coming decade. In particular, the policy challenges for concerted air quality and climate change policy (co-benefit) are discussed. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2009

11. Contribution of Ship Emissions to the Concentration and Deposition of Pollutants in Europe: Seasonal and Spatial Variation

Author

Aksoyoglu, Sebnem, Prévôt, A. S. H., Baltensperger, U., Abarbanel, Henry, Series editor, Braha, Dan, Series editor, Érdi, Péter, Series editor, Friston, Karl, Series editor, Haken, Hermann, Series editor, Jirsa, Viktor, Series editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series editor, Kaneko, Kunihiko, Series editor, Kelso, Scott, Series editor, Kirkilionis, Markus, Series editor, Kurths, Jürgen, Series editor, Nowak, Andrzej, Series editor, Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, Series editor, Reichl, Linda, Series editor, Schuster, Peter, Series editor, Schweitzer, Frank, Series editor, Sornette, Didier, Series editor, Thurner, Stefan, Series editor, Steyn, Douw G., editor, and Chaumerliac, Nadine, editor

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe

Author

Zanatta, M., Gysel, M., Bukowiecki, N., Müller, T., Weingartner, E., Areskoug, H., Fiebig, M., Yttri, K.E., Mihalopoulos, N., Kouvarakis, G., Beddows, D., Harrison, R.M., Cavalli, F., Putaud, J.P., Spindler, G., Wiedensohler, A., Alastuey, A., Pandolfi, M., Sellegri, K., Swietlicki, E., Jaffrezo, J.L., Baltensperger, U., and Laj, P.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Contribution of methane to aerosol carbon mass

Author

Bianchi, F., Barmet, P., Stirnweis, L., El Haddad, I., Platt, S.M., Saurer, M., Lötscher, C., Siegwolf, R., Bigi, A., Hoyle, C.R., DeCarlo, P.F., Slowik, J.G., Prévôt, A.S.H., Baltensperger, U., and Dommen, J.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. New particle formation in the free troposphere: A question of chemistry and timing

Author

Bianchi, F., Tröstl, J., Junninen, H., Frege, C., Henne, S., Hoyle, C. R., Molteni, U., Herrmann, E., Adamov, A., Bukowiecki, N., Chen, X., Duplissy, J., Gysel, M., Hutterli, M., Kangasluoma, J., Kontkanen, J., Kürten, A., Manninen, H. E., Münch, S., Peräkylä, O., Petäjä, T., Rondo, L., Williamson, C., Weingartner, E., Curtius, J., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., Dommen, J., and Baltensperger, U.

Published
2016

22. Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere

Author

Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Donahue, N. M., Prevot, A. S. H., Zhang, Q., Kroll, J. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ng, N. L., Aiken, A. C., Docherty, K. S., Ulbrich, I. M., Grieshop, A. P., Robinson, A. L., Duplissy, J., Smith, J. D., Wilson, K. R., Lanz, V. A., Hueglin, C., Sun, Y. L., Tian, J., Laaksonen, A., Raatikainen, T., Rautiainen, J., Vaattovaara, P., Ehn, M., Kulmala, M., Tomlinson, J. M., Collins, D. R., Cubison, M. J., Dunlea, E. J., Huffman, J. A., Onasch, T. B., Alfarra, M. R., Williams, P. I., Bower, K., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Salcedo, D., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R., Takami, A., Miyoshi, T., Hatakeyama, S., Shimono, A., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., Dzepina, K., Kimmel, J. R., Sueper, D., Jayne, J. T., Herndon, S. C., Trimborn, A. M., Williams, L. R., Wood, E. C., Middlebrook, A. M., Kolb, C. E., Baltensperger, U., and Worsnop, D. R.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. High Alpine Air, Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry

Author

Berner, A., Kruisz, C., Gäggeler, H. W., Schwikowski, M., Baltensperger, U., Jost, D. T., Puxbaum, H., Brantner, B., Fierlinger, H., Kalina, M. F., Kasper, A., Paleczek, S., Winiwarter, W., Staehelin, Johannes, Waldvogel, Albert, Borrell, Peter, editor, Borrell, Patricia M., editor, Cvitaš, Tomislav, editor, Kelly, Kerry, editor, Seiler, Wolfgang, editor, Fuzzi, Sandro, editor, and Wagenbach, Dietmar, editor

Published
1997
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Geosciences Roadmap for Research Infrastructures 2025–2028 by the Swiss Geosciences Community

Author

Eugster, W, Baumgartner, LP, Bachmann, O, Baltensperger, U, Dèzes, P, Dubois, N, Foubert, A, Heitzler, M, Henggeler, K, Hetényi, G, Hurni, L, Müntener, O, Nenes, A, Reymond, C, Röösli, C, Rothacher, M, Schaub, M, Steinbacher, M, Vogel, H, and RoTaGeo, team

Subjects
550 Earth sciences & geology
Abstract

This community roadmap presents an integrative approach including the most urgent infrastructure requests for the future development of geosciences in Switzerland. It recommends to strengthen the multidisciplinary nature of the geosciences by putting all activities under the roof of the Integrated Swiss Geosciences supported by four specific research infrastructure pillars. The roadmap represents the view of the Swiss scientific community in the field of geosciences and is a formal element of the process to elaborate the Swiss Roadmap for Research Infrastructures 2023. This bottom-up contribution to the identification and selection of important national and international research infrastructures has been coordinated by the Swiss Academy of Sciences (SCNAT) on a mandate by the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI)., Swiss Academies Reports, 16 (4), ISSN:2297-1564, ISSN:2297-1572

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Biogenic particles formed in the Himalaya as an important source of free tropospheric aerosols

Author

Bianchi, F., Junninen, H., Bigi, A., Sinclair, V., Dada, L., Hoyle, C., Zha, Q., Yao, L., Ahonen, L., Bonasoni, P., Buenrostro Mazon, S., Hutterli, M., Laj, P., Lehtipalo, K., Kangasluoma, J., Kerminen, V.-M., Kontkanen, J., Marinoni, A., Mirme, S., Molteni, U., Petäjä, T., Riva, M., Rose, Clémence, Sellegri, K., Yan, C., Worsnop, D., Kulmala, M., Baltensperger, U., Dommen, J., Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Tofwerk AG, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of Tartu, IRCELYON-Catalytic and Atmospheric Reactivity for the Environment (CARE), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aerodyne Research Inc., Beijing University of Chemical Technology, University of Helsinki, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Polar and arctic atmospheric research (PANDA), INAR Physics, Air quality research group, and Global Atmosphere-Earth surface feedbacks

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, respiratory system, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 114 Physical sciences, complex mixtures
Abstract

Aerosols of biogenic and anthropogenic origin affect the total radiative forcing of global climate. Poor knowledge of the pre-industrial aerosol concentration and composition, in particular of particles formed directly in the atmosphere from gaseous precursors, constitutes a large uncertainty in the anthropogenic radiative forcing. Investigations of new particle formation at pre-industrial-like conditions can contribute to the reduction of this uncertainty. Here we present observations taken at the remote Nepal Climate Observatory Pyramid station at 5,079 m above sea level, a few kilometres from the summit of Everest. We show that up-valley winds funnel gaseous aerosol precursors to higher altitudes. During this transport, these are oxidized into compounds of very low volatility, which rapidly form a large number of aerosol particles. These are then transported into the free troposphere, which suggests that the whole Himalayan region may act as an 'aerosol factory' and contribute substantially to the free tropospheric aerosol population. Aerosol production in this region occurs mainly via organic precursors of biogenic origin with little evidence of the involvement of anthropogenic pollutants. This process is therefore likely to be essentially unchanged since the pre-industrial period, and may have been one of the major sources that contributes to the upper tropospheric aerosol population during that time. Newly formed biogenic particles in the Himalaya increase free-tropospheric background aerosol concentration by a factor of up to two.

Published
2020

29. Abstracts of the 6th FECS Conference 1998 Lectures

Author

Rowland, F. Sherwood, Blake, Donald R., Larsen, B. R., Lindskog, Anne, Peterson, Peter J., Williams, W. Peter, Wallington, T. J., Pilling, M. J., Carslaw, N., Creasey, D. J., Heard, D. E., Jacobs, P., Lee, J., Lewis, A. C., McQuaid, J. B., Stockwell, William R., Frank, Hartmut, Sacco, P., Cocheo, V., Lynge, E., Andersen, A., Nilsson, R., Barlow, L., Pukkala, E., Nordlinder, R., Boffetta, P., Grandjean, P., Heikkil, P., Hürte, L. G., Jakobsson, R., Lundberg, I., Moen, B., Partanen, T., Riise, T., Borowiak, A., De Saeger, E., Schnitzler, K. G., Gravenhorst, G., Jacobi, H. W., Moelders, S., Lammel, G., Busch, G., Beese, F. O., Dentener, F. J., Feichter, J., Fraedrich, K., Roelofs, G. J., Friedrich, R., Reis, S., Voehringer, F., Simpson, D., Moussiopoulos, N., Sahm, P., Tourlou, P. M., Salmons, R., Papameletiou, D., Maqueda, J. M., Suhr, Per B., Bell, W., Paton-Walsh, C., Woods, P. T., Partridge, R. H., Slemr, J., Slemr, F., Schmidbauer, N., Ravishankara, A. R., Jenkin, Michael E., de Leeuw, G., van Eijk, A. M. J., Flossmann, A. I., Wobrock, W., Mestayer, P. G., Tranchant, B., Ljungström, E., Karlsson, R., Larsen, S. E., Roemer, M., Builtjes, P. J. H., Koffi, Brigitte, Koffi, Ernest N’Dri, De Saeger, Emile, Ro-Poulsen, H., Mikkelsen, T. N., Hummelshøj, P., Hovmand, M. F., Simoneit, Bernd R. T., van der Meulen, A., Meyer, Michael B., Berndt, T., Böge, O., Stratmann, F., Cass, Glen R., Harrison, Roy M., Shi, Ji Ping, Hoffmann, T., Warscheid, B., Bandur, R., Marggraf, U., Nigge, W., Kamens, Richard, Jang, Myoseon, Strommen, Mike, Chien, Chao-Jung, Leach, Keri, Ammann, M., Kalberer, M., Arens, F., Lavanchy, V., Gâggeler, H. W., Baltensperger, U., Davies, J. A., Cox, R. A., Alonso, S. García, Pastor, R. Pérez, Argüello, Gustavo A., Willner, Helge, Berndt, T., Böge, O., Bogillo, V. I., Pokrovskiy, V. A., Kuraev, O. V., Gozhyk, P. F., Bolzacchini, E., Bruschi, M., Fantucci, P., Meinardi, S., Orlandi, M., Rindone, B., Bolzacchini, Ezio, Bohn, Birger, Rindone, Bruno, Bruschi, Maurizo, Zetzsch, Cornelius, Brussol, C., Duane, M., Larsen, B., Carlier, P., Kotzias, D., Caracena, A. Baeza, Aznar, A. Miñana, Ferradás, E. González, Christensen, C. S., Skov, H., Hummelshøj, P., Jensen, N. O., Lohse, C., Cocheo, V., Sacco, P., Chatzis, C., Cocheo, V., Sacco, P., Boaretto, C., Quaglio, F., Zaratin, L., Pagani, D., Cocheo, L., Cocheo, Vincenzo, Asnar, Agustin Minana, Baldan, Annerita, Ballesta, Pascual P., Boaretto, Caterina, Caracena, Antonia B., Ferradas, Enrique Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Flesca, Nobert, Goelen, Eddie, Hansen, Asger B., Sacco, Paolo, De Saeger, Emile, Skov, Henrik, Consonni, V., Gramatica, P., Santagostino, A., Galvani, P., Bolzacchini, E., Consonni, Viviana, Gramatica, Paola, Todeschini, Roberto, Dippel, G., Reinhardt, H., Zellner, R., Dämmer, K., Bednarek, G., Breil, M., Zellner, R., Febo, A., Allegrini, I., Giliberti, C., Perrino, C., Fogg, P. G. T., Geiger, H., Barnes, I., Becker, K. H., Maurer, T., Geyskens, F., Bormans, R., Lambrechts, M., Goelen, E., Giese, Martina, Frank, Hartmut, Glasius, M., Hornung, P., Jacobsen, J. K., Klausen, H. S., Klitgaard, K. C., Møller, C. K., Petersen, A. P. F., Petersen, L. S., Wessel, S., Hansen, T. S., Lohse, C., Boaretto, E., Heinemeier, J., Glasius, M., Di Bella, D., Lahaniati, M., Calogirou, A., Jensen, N. R., Hjorth, J., Kotzias, D., Larsen, B. R., Gonzalez-Flesca, N., Cicolella, A., Bates, M., Bastin, E., Gurbanov, M. A., Akhmedly, K. M., Balayev, V. S., Haselmann, K. F., Ketola, R., Laturnus, F., Lauritsen, F. R., Grøn, C., Herrmann, H., Ervens, B., Reese, A., Umschlag, Th., Wicktor, F., Zellner, R., Herrmann, H., Umschlag, Th., Müller, K., Bolzacchini, E., Meinardi, S., Rindone, B., Jenkin, Michael E., Hayman, Garry D., Jensen, N. O., Courtney, M., Hummelshøj, P., Christensen, C. S., Larsen, B. R., Johnson, Matthew S., Hegelund, Flemming, Nelander, Bengt, Kirchner, Frank, Klotz, B., Barnes, Ian, Sørensen, S., Becker, K. H., Etzkorn, T., Platt, U., Wirtz, K., Martín-Reviejo, M., Laturnus, Frank, Martinez, E., Cabañas, B., Aranda, A., Martín, P., Salgado, S., Rodriguez, D., Masclet, P., Jaffrezo, J. L., Hillamo, R., Mellouki, A., Le Calvé, S., Le Bras, G., Moriarty, J., O’Donnell, S., Wenger, J., Sidebottom, H., Mingarrol, M. T. Bomboi, Cosin, S., Pastor, R. Pérez, Alonso, S. García, Sanz, M. J., Bravo, I., Gonzalez, D., Pérez, M. A., Mustafaev, Islam, Mammadova, Saida, Noda, J., Hallquist, M., Langer, S., Ljungström, E., Nohara, K., Kutsuna, S., Ibusuki, T., Oehme, Michael, Kölliker, Stephan, Brombacher, Stephan, Merz, Leo, Pastor, R. Pérez, Alonso, S. García, Cabezas, A. Quejido, Peeters, J., Vereecken, L., El Yazal, J., Pfeffer, Hans-Ulrich, Breuer, Ludger, Platz, J., Nielsen, O. J., Sehested, J., Wallington, T. J., Ball, J. C., Hurley, M. D., Straccia, A. M., Schneider, W. F., Pérez-Casany, M. P., Nebot-Gil, I., Sánchez-Marín, J., Putz, E., Folberth, G., Pfister, G., Weissflog, L., Elansky, N. P., Sørensen, Søren, Barnes, Ian, Becker, K. H., Shao, M., Heiden, A. C., Kley, D., Rockel, P., Wildt, J., Silva, G. V. A., Vasconcelos, M. T., Fernandes, E. O., Santos, A. M. S., Skov, Henrik, Hansen, Asger, Løfstrøm, Per, Lorenzen, Gitte, Stabel, J. R., Wolkoff, P., Pedersen, T., Strom, A. B., Skov, Henrik, Hertel, Ole, Jensen, Finn Palmgren, Hjorth, Jens, Galle, Bosse, Wallin, Svante, Theloke, J., Libuda, H. G., Zabel, F., Touaty, Muriel, Bonsang, Bernard, Ullerstam, M., Langer, S., Ljungström, E., Wenger, John, Bonard, Amélie, Manning, Marcus, Nolan, Sinéad, O’Sullivan, Niamh, Sidebottom, Howard, Wenger, John, Collins, Eoin, Moriarty, Jennie, O’Donnell, Sinéad, Sidebottom, Howard, Wenger, John, Collins, Eoin, Moriarty, Jennie, O’Donnell, Sinéad, Sidebottom, Howard, Wenger, John, Sidebottom, Howard, Chadwick, Paul, O’Leary, Barbara, Treacy, Jack, Wolkoff, Peder, Clausen, Per A., Wilkins, Cornelius K., Hougaard, Karin S., Nielsen, Gunnar D., Zilinskis, Viktors, Jansons, Guntis, Peksens, Aigars, Lazdins, Agris, Arinci, Y. V., Erdöl, N., Ekinci, E., Okutan, H., Manlafalioglu, I., Bakeas, Evangelos B., Siskos, Panayotis A., Viras, Loizos G., Smirnioudi, Vasiliki N., Bottenheim, Jan W., Biesenthal, Thomas, Gong, Wanmin, Makar, Paul, Delmas, Véronique, Menard, Tamara, Tatry, Véronique, Moussafir, Jacques, Thomas, Dominique, Coppalle, Alexis, Ellermann, Thomas, Hertel, Ole, Skov, Henrik, Frohn, Lise, Manscher, Ole H., Friis, Jørgen, Girgzdiene, Rasa, Girgzdys, Aloyzas, Gurevich, N. A., Gårdfeldt, Katarina, Langer, Sarka, Hermans, C., Vandaele, A. C., Carleer, M., Fally, S., Colin, R., Bernath, P. F., Jenouvrier, A., Coquart, B., Mérienne, M. -F., Hertel, Ole, Frohn, Lise, Skov, Henrik, Ellermann, Thomas, Huntrieser, H., Schlager, H., Feigl, C., Kemp, Kåre, Palmgren, Finn, Kiilsholm, Sissi, Rasmussen, Alix, Sørensen, Jens Havskov, Klemm, Otto, Lange, Holger, Larsen, René Wugt, Larsen, Niels Wessel, Nicolaisen, Flemming, Sørensen, Georg Ole, Beukes, Jon Are, Larsen, Poul Bo, Jensen, Steen Solvang, Fenger, Jes, de Leeuw, Gerrit, Kunz, Gerard, Cohen, Leo, Schlünzen, Heinke, Muller, Frank, Schulz, Michael, Tamm, Susanne, Geernaert, Gary, Hertel, Ole, Pedersen, Britta, Geernaert, Lise Lotte Sørensen, Lund, Søren, Vignati, Elisabetta, Jickells, Tim, Spokes, Lucinda, Matei, C., Jinga, O. A., Jinga, D. C., Moliner, R., Braekman-Danheux, C., Fontana, A., Suelves, I., Thieman, T., Vassilev, S., Skov, Henrik, Hertel, Ole, Zlatev, Zahari, Brandt, Jørgen, Bastrup-Birk, Annemarie, Ellermann, Thomas, Frohn, Lise, Vandaele, A. C., Hermans, C., Carleer, M., Tsouli, A., Colin, R., Windsperger, Andreas M., Turi, Kristina, Dworak, Oliver, Zellweger, C., Weingartner, E., Rüttimann, R., Hofer, P., Baltensperger, U., Ziv, A., Iakovleva, E., Palmgren, F., Berkovicz, R., Skov, H., Alastuey, A., Querol, X., Chaves, A., Lopez-Soler, A., Ruiz, C., Andrees, J. M., Allegrini, I., Febo, A., Giusto, M., Angeloni, M., Di Filippo, P., D’Innocenzio, F., Lepore, L., Marconi, A., Arshinov, M. Yu., Belan, B. D., Davydov, D. K., Kovaleskii, V. K., Plotinov, A. P., Pokrovskii, E. V., Sklyadneva, T. K., Tolmachev, G. N., Arshinov, M. Yu., Belan, B. D., Sklyadneva, T. K., Behnke, Wolfgang, Elend, Manfred, Krüger, Ulrich, Zetzsch, Cornelius, Belan, B. D., Arshinov, M. Yu., Davydov, D. K., Kovalevskii, V. K., Plotnikov, A. P., Pokrovskii, E. V., Rasskazchikova, T. M., Sklyadneva, T. K., Tolmachev, G. N., Belan, B. D., Arshinov, M. Yu., Simonenkov, D. V., Tolmachev, G. N., Bilde, Merete, Aker, Pamela M., Börensen, C., Kirchner, U., Scheer, V., Vogt, R., Ellermann, T., Geernaert, L. L. S., Pryor, S. C., Barthelmie, R. J., Feilberg, Anders, Nielsen, Torben, Kamens, Richard M., Freitas, M. C., Marques, A. P., Reis, M. A., Alves, L. C., Ilyinskikh, N. N., Ilyinskikh, I. N., Ilyinskikh, E. N., Johansen, Keld, Stavnsbjerg, Peter, Gabrielsson, Pär, Bak, Flemming, Andersen, Erik, Autrup, Herman, Kamens, Richard, Jang, Myoseon, Strommen, Michael, Leach, Keri, Kirchner, U., Scheer, V., Börensen, C., Vogt, R., Igor, Komov, Svjatoslav, Galiy, Anatoliy, Burlak, Komov, I. L., Istchenko, A. A., Lourenço, M. G., MacTavish, D., Sirois, A., Masclet, Pierre, Jaffrezo, Jean Luc, van der Meulen, A., Milukaite, A., Morkunas, V., Jurgutis, P., Mikelinskiene, A., Nielsen, Torben, Feilberg, Anders, Binderup, Mona Lise, Pineda, M., Palacios, J. M., Garcia, E., Cilleruelo, C., Moliner, R., Popovitcheva, O. B., Trukhin, M. E., Persiantseva, N. M., Buriko, Yu, Starik, A. M., Demirdjian, B., Suzanne, J., Probst, T. U., Rietz, B., Alfassi, Z. B., Pokrovskiy, V. A., Zenobi, R., Bogatyr’ov, V. M., Gun’ko, V. M., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Lopez-Soler, A., Mantilla, E., Plana, F., Artiño, B., Rauterberg-Wulff, A., Israël, G. W., Rocha, Teresa A. P., Duarte, Armando C., Röhrl, Andreas, Lammel, Gerhard, Spindler, G., Müller, K., Herrmann, H., Strommen, Michael R., Vignati, Elisabetta, de Leeuw, Gerrit, and Berkowicz, Ruwim

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Size-dependent influence of NOₓ on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles

Author

Yan, C., Nie, W., Vogel, A. L., Dada, L., Lehtipalo, K., Stolzenburg, D., Wagner, R., Rissanen, M. P., Xiao, M., Ahonen, L., Fischer, L., Rose, C., Bianchi, F., Gordon, H., Simon, M., Heinritzi, M., Garmash, O., Roldin, P., Dias, A., Ye, P., Hofbauer, V., Amorim, A., Bauer, P. S., Bergen, A., Bernhammer, A.-K., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Buchholz, A., Buenrostro Mazon, S., Canagaratna, M. R., Chen, X., Ding, A., Dommen, J., Draper, D. C., Duplissy, J., Frege, C., Heyn, C., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Heikkinen, L., Hoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Kangasluoma, J., Kirkby, J., Kontkanen, J., Kürten, A., Lawler, M. J., Mai, H., Mathot, S., Mauldin, R. L., III, Molteni, U., Nichman, L., Nieminen, T., Nowak, J., Ojdanic, A., Onnela, A., Pajunoja, A., Petäjä, T., Piel, F., Quéléver, L. L. J., Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Sengupta, K., Sipilä, M., Tomé, A., Tröst, J., Väisänen, O., Wagner, A. C., Ylisirniö, A., Zha, Q., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K. S., Curtius, J., Flagan, R. C., Hansel, A., Riipinen, I., Smith, J. N., Virtanen, A., Winkler, P. M., Donahue, N. M., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., Ehn, M., and Worsnop, D. R.

Abstract

Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOₓ. We show that NOₓ suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOₓ. By illustrating how NOₓ affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOₓ level in forest regions around the globe.

Published
2020

34. The role of ions in new particle formation in the CLOUD chamber

Author

Wagner, R., Yan, C., Lehtipalo, K., Duplissy, J., Nieminen, T., Kangasluoma, J., Ahonen, L. R., Dada, L., Kontkanen, J., Manninen, H. E., Dias, A., Amorim, A., Bauer, P. S., Bergen, A., Bernhammer, A.-K., Bianchi, F., Brilke, S., Mazon, S. B., Chen, X., Draper, D. C., Fischer, L., Frege, C., Fuchs, C., Garmash, O., Gordon, H., Hakala, J., Heikkinen, L., Heinritzi, M., Hofbauer, V., Hoyle, C. R., Kirkby, J., Kürten, A., Kvashnin, A. N., Laurila, T., Lawler, M. J., Mai, H., Makhmutov, V., Mauldin III, R. L., Molteni, U., Nichman, L., Nie, W., Ojdanic, A., Onnela, A., Piel, F., Quéléver, L. L. J., Rissanen, M. P., Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Sengupta, K., Simon, M., Stolzenburg, D., Stozhkov, Y., Tröstl, J., Viisanen, Y., Vogel, A. L., Wagner, A. C., Xiao, M., Ye, P., Baltensperger, U., Curtius, J., Donahue, N. M., Flagan, R. C., Gallagher, M., Hansel, A., Smith, J. N., Tomé, A., Winkler, P. M., Worsnop, D., Ehn, M., Sipilä, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Petäjä, T., Kulmala, M., Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Polar and arctic atmospheric research (PANDA), University of Helsinki, University of Eastern Finland, CERN, University of Lisbon, University of Vienna, Goethe University Frankfurt, University of Innsbruck, University of California Irvine, Paul Scherrer Institute, Department of Applied Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, RAS - P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, California Institute of Technology, University of Manchester, University of Leeds, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Department of Applied Physics, activities

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nucleation, Analytical chemistry, Nanoparticle, ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL NUCLEATION, Cosmic ray, 010501 environmental sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Atmosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, SULFURIC-ACID, HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION, ddc:550, Cloud condensation nuclei, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/MERI, BOREAL-FOREST, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, FREE TROPOSPHERE, GROWTH-RATES, Chemistry, MOLECULAR CLUSTERS, Sulfuric acid, Manchester Environmental Research Institute, lcsh:QC1-999, SIZE MAGNIFIER, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Chemical physics, Particle, NEUTRAL CLUSTER, lcsh:Physics, GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS
Abstract

The formation of secondary particles in the atmosphere accounts for more than half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Experiments at the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber have underlined the importance of ions for new particle formation, but quantifying their effect in the atmosphere remains challenging. By using a novel instrument setup consisting of two nanoparticle counters, one of them equipped with an ion filter, we were able to further investigate the ion-related mechanisms of new particle formation. In autumn 2015, we carried out experiments at CLOUD on four systems of different chemical compositions involving monoterpenes, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia. We measured the influence of ions on the nucleation rates under precisely controlled and atmospherically relevant conditions. Our results indicate that ions enhance the nucleation process when the charge is necessary to stabilize newly formed clusters, i.e., in conditions in which neutral clusters are unstable. For charged clusters that were formed by ion-induced nucleation, we were able to measure, for the first time, their progressive neutralization due to recombination with oppositely charged ions. A large fraction of the clusters carried a charge at 1.5 nm diameter. However, depending on particle growth rates and ion concentrations, charged clusters were largely neutralized by ion–ion recombination before they grew to 2.5 nm. At this size, more than 90 % of particles were neutral. In other words, particles may originate from ion-induced nucleation, although they are neutral upon detection at diameters larger than 2.5 nm. Observations at Hyytiälä, Finland, showed lower ion concentrations and a lower contribution of ion-induced nucleation than measured at CLOUD under similar conditions. Although this can be partly explained by the observation that ion-induced fractions decrease towards lower ion concentrations, further investigations are needed to resolve the origin of the discrepancy., published version, peerReviewed

Published
2017

36. Identification of organic acids in secondary organic aerosol and the corresponding gas phase from chamber experiments

Author

Fisseha, R., Dommen, J., Sax, M., Paulsen, D., Kalberer, M., Maurer, R., Hofler, F., Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.

Subjects
Organic acids -- Research, Acetohydroxamic acid -- Research, Chemistry, Analytic -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

Organic acids in the gas and aerosol phase from photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in the presence of 300 ppb propene and 300 ppb NOx in smog chamber experiments were determined using a wet effluent diffusion denuder/aerosol collector coupled to ion chromatography (IC) with conductivity detection. Behind the IC, the samples were collected using a fraction collector, for identification of unresolved/unidentified organic acids with IC--mass spectrometry (MS). In total, 20 organic acids were found with MS of which 10 were identified. The organic acids identified offline by IC--MS were then further quantified based on the online IC data. The identification was additionally confirmed with gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. At the maximum aerosol concentration, organic acids comprised 20-45% of the total aerosol mass. The method has a detection limit of 10-100 ng/[m.sup.3] for the identified carboxylic acids.

Published
2004

38. Size-dependent influence of NO x on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles

Author

Yan, C., primary, Nie, W., additional, Vogel, A. L., additional, Dada, L., additional, Lehtipalo, K., additional, Stolzenburg, D., additional, Wagner, R., additional, Rissanen, M. P., additional, Xiao, M., additional, Ahonen, L., additional, Fischer, L., additional, Rose, C., additional, Bianchi, F., additional, Gordon, H., additional, Simon, M., additional, Heinritzi, M., additional, Garmash, O., additional, Roldin, P., additional, Dias, A., additional, Ye, P., additional, Hofbauer, V., additional, Amorim, A., additional, Bauer, P. S., additional, Bergen, A., additional, Bernhammer, A.-K., additional, Breitenlechner, M., additional, Brilke, S., additional, Buchholz, A., additional, Mazon, S. Buenrostro, additional, Canagaratna, M. R., additional, Chen, X., additional, Ding, A., additional, Dommen, J., additional, Draper, D. C., additional, Duplissy, J., additional, Frege, C., additional, Heyn, C., additional, Guida, R., additional, Hakala, J., additional, Heikkinen, L., additional, Hoyle, C. R., additional, Jokinen, T., additional, Kangasluoma, J., additional, Kirkby, J., additional, Kontkanen, J., additional, Kürten, A., additional, Lawler, M. J., additional, Mai, H., additional, Mathot, S., additional, Mauldin, R. L., additional, Molteni, U., additional, Nichman, L., additional, Nieminen, T., additional, Nowak, J., additional, Ojdanic, A., additional, Onnela, A., additional, Pajunoja, A., additional, Petäjä, T., additional, Piel, F., additional, Quéléver, L. L. J., additional, Sarnela, N., additional, Schallhart, S., additional, Sengupta, K., additional, Sipilä, M., additional, Tomé, A., additional, Tröstl, J., additional, Väisänen, O., additional, Wagner, A. C., additional, Ylisirniö, A., additional, Zha, Q., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, Carslaw, K. S., additional, Curtius, J., additional, Flagan, R. C., additional, Hansel, A., additional, Riipinen, I., additional, Smith, J. N., additional, Virtanen, A., additional, Winkler, P. M., additional, Donahue, N. M., additional, Kerminen, V.-M., additional, Kulmala, M., additional, Ehn, M., additional, and Worsnop, D. R., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Kerb and urban increment of highly time-resolved trace elements in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 winter aerosol in London during ClearfLo 2012

Author

Visser, S., Slowik, J. G., Furger, M., Zotter, P., Bukowiecki, N., Dressler, R., Flechsig, U., Appel, K., Green, D. C., Tremper, A. H., Young, D. E., Williams, P. I., Allan, J. D., Herndon, S. C., Williams, L. R., Mohr, C., Xu, L., Ng, N. L., Detournay, A., Barlow, Janet F., Halios, C. H., Fleming, Z. L., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A. S. H.

Subjects
lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999, Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Ambient concentrations of trace elements with 2 h time resolution were measured in PM10–2.5, PM2.5–1.0 and PM1.0–0.3 size ranges at kerbside, urban background and rural sites in London during winter 2012. Samples were collected using rotating drum impactors (RDIs) and subsequently analysed with synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR-XRF). Quantification of kerb and urban increments (defined as kerb-to-urban and urban-to-rural concentration ratios, respectively), and assessment of diurnal and weekly variability provided insight into sources governing urban air quality and the effects of urban micro-environments on human exposure. Traffic-related elements yielded the highest kerb increments, with values in the range of 10.4 to 16.6 for SW winds (3.3–6.9 for NE) observed for elements influenced by brake wear (e.g. Cu, Sb, Ba) and 5.7 to 8.2 for SW (2.6–3.0 for NE) for other traffic-related processes (e.g. Cr, Fe, Zn). Kerb increments for these elements were highest in the PM10–2.5 mass fraction, roughly twice that of the PM1.0–0.3 fraction. These elements also showed the highest urban increments (~ 3.0), although no difference was observed between brake wear and other traffic-related elements. All elements influenced by traffic exhibited higher concentrations during morning and evening rush hours, and on weekdays compared to weekends, with the strongest trends observed at the kerbside site, and additionally enhanced by winds coming directly from the road, consistent with street canyon effects. Elements related to mineral dust (e.g. Al, Si, Ca, Sr) showed significant influences from traffic-induced resuspension, as evidenced by moderate kerb (3.4–5.4 for SW, 1.7–2.3 for NE) and urban (~ 2) increments and increased concentrations during peak traffic flow. Elements related to regional transport showed no significant enhancement at kerb or urban sites, with the exception of PM10–2.5 sea salt (factor of up to 2), which may be influenced by traffic-induced resuspension of sea and/or road salt. Heavy-duty vehicles appeared to have a larger effect than passenger vehicles on the concentrations of all elements influenced by resuspension (including sea salt) and wearing processes. Trace element concentrations in London were influenced by both local and regional sources, with coarse and intermediate fractions dominated by traffic-induced resuspension and wearing processes and fine particles influenced by regional transport.

Published
2015

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results