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The paper presents the use of adaptive neural networks for carrying out simulation optimisation using digital models (discrete event simulation models) created in accordance with the Industry 4.0 concept. The digital models reflect different problems in industrial engineering. The simulation optimisers use an adaptive neural network to find the best settings of the digital models according to defined objective functions for each model. We compared the effectiveness (using different evaluation criteria) of the adaptive neural network (ANN) optimisation method used on 6 different discrete event simulation models. We compared adaptive neural networks with 11 optimisation methods -- pseudo gradient, metaheuristic, evolutionary and swarm optimisation methods (and their combinations). The ANN method demonstrated the ability to efficiently find the global optimum of the objective function in different cases of the objective function -- the ANN method is in the top 5 best tested methods from the 12 optimisation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. Early detection of axSpA is crucial to slow disease progression and maintain remission or low disease activity. However, current biomarkers are insufficient for diagnosing axSpA or distinguishing between its radiographic (r-axSpA) and non-radiographic (nr-axSpA) subsets. To address this, we conducted a study using miRNA profiling with massive parallel sequencing (MPS) and SmartChip qRT-PCR validation. The goal was to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in axSpA patients, specifically those subdiagnosed with nr-axSpA or r-axSpA. Disease activity was measured using C-reactive protein (CRP) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). Radiographic assessments of the cervical and lumbar spine were performed at baseline and after two years. Out of the initial 432 miRNAs, 90 met the selection criteria, and 45 were validated out of which miR-1-3p was upregulated, whereas miR-1248 and miR-1246 were downregulated in axSpA patients. The expression of miR-1-3p correlated with interleukin (IL)-17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels, indicating its significant role in axSpA pathogenesis. Although specific miRNAs distinguishing disease subtypes or correlating with disease activity or spinal changes were not found, the study identified three dysregulated miRNAs in axSpA patients, with miR-1-3p linked to IL-17 and TNF, underscoring its pathogenetic significance. These findings could help improve the early detection and treatment of axSpA., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) hierarchical taxonomy is used for so-called clinical coding of medical reports, typically presented in unstructured text. In the Czech Republic, it is currently carried out manually by a so-called clinical coder. However, due to the human factor, this process is error-prone and expensive. The coder needs to be properly trained and spends significant effort on each report, leading to occasional mistakes. The main goal of this paper is to propose and implement a system that serves as an assistant to the coder and automatically predicts diagnosis codes. These predictions are then presented to the coder for approval or correction, aiming to enhance efficiency and accuracy. We consider two classification tasks: main (principal) diagnosis; and all diagnoses. Crucial requirements for the implementation include minimal memory consumption, generality, ease of portability, and sustainability. The main contribution lies in the proposal and evaluation of ICD classification models for the Czech language with relatively few training parameters, allowing swift utilisation on the prevalent computer systems within Czech hospitals and enabling easy retraining or fine-tuning with newly available data. First, we introduce a small transformer-based model for each task followed by the design of a transformer-based "Four-headed" model incorporating four distinct classification heads. This model achieves comparable, sometimes even better results, against four individual models. Moreover this novel model significantly economises memory usage and learning time. We also show that our models achieve comparable results against state-of-the-art English models on the Mimic IV dataset even though our models are significantly smaller., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None Declared, (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequent musculoskeletal disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of OA, prognostic biomarkers or effective targeted treatment are not currently available. Research on epigenetic factors has yielded some new insights as new technologies for their detection continue to emerge. In this context, non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs, regulate intracellular signaling pathways and biological processes that have a crucial role in the development of several diseases. In this review, we present current knowledge on the role of epigenetic factors with a focus on non-coding RNAs in the development, prediction and treatment of OA. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: Osteoporosis is associated with an impaired balance between bone resorption and formation, which in turn leads to bone loss and fractures. Many recent studies have underlined the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in bone remodeling processes and their potential as biomarkers of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the association of circulating miRNAs and bone biomarkers with estrogen status in women before and after oophorectomy, as well as in oophorectomized women on estrogen therapy., Methods: In this prospective study, we included 11 women before oophorectomy and hysterectomy and at 201 ± 24 days after the surgery. Another 11 women were evaluated 508 ± 127 days after oophorectomy and hysterectomy and after an additional 203 ± 71 days of estradiol treatment. Serum miRNAs were profiled by sequencing. Estrogen status and biomarkers of bone metabolism were quantified. Bone mineral density was assessed in the lumbar spine., Results: Our analysis revealed 17 miRNAs associated with estrogen levels. Of those miRNAs that were upregulated with estrogen deficiency and downregulated after estrogen therapy, miR-422a correlated with serum beta-carboxy-terminal type I collagen crosslinks (β-CTX) and procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP); and miR-1278 correlated with serum β-CTX, P1NP, osteocalcin, sclerostin, and Dickkopf-1(Dkk1). In contrast, we found an inverse association of miR-24-1-5p with estrogen status and a negative correlation with serum β-CTX, P1NP, osteoprotegerin, and sclerostin levels., Conclusion: The reported miRNAs associated with estrogen status and bone metabolism could be potential biomarkers of bone pathophysiology and would facilitate studies on the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our findings require validation in an extended cohort., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Baloun, Pekacova, Wenchich, Hruskova, Senolt, Svec, Pavelka and Stepan.)

Germline mutations in ETV6 gene cause inherited thrombocytopenia with leukemia predisposition. Here, we report on functional validation of ETV6 W380R mutation segregating with thrombocytopenia in a family where two family members also suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or essential thrombocythemia (ET). In-silico analysis predicted impaired DNA binding due to W380R mutation. Functional analysis showed that this mutation prevents the ETV6 protein from localizing into the cell nucleus and impairs the transcriptional repression activity of ETV6. Based on the germline ETV6 mutation, ET probably started with somatic JAK2 V617F mutation, whereas ALL could be caused by diverse mechanisms: high-hyperdiploidity; somatic deletion of exon 1 IKZF1 gene; or somatic mutations of other genes found by exome sequencing of the ALL sample taken at the diagnosis.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common epilepsy type. TLE onset in infancy aggravates features like severity, drug responsiveness, or development of comorbidities. These aggravations may arise from altered micro RNA (miRNA) expression specific to the early onset of the disease. Although the miRNA involvement in TLE is widely studied, the relationship between the onset-age and miRNA expression has not been addressed. Here, we investigated the miRNA profile of infantile and adult-onset TLE in rats combining sequencing and PCR. Since miRNA expression changes with the disease progression, we scrutinized miRNA dynamics across three stages: acute, latent, and chronic. We report that infantile-onset TLE leads to changes in the expression of fewer miRNAs across these stages. Interestingly, the miRNA profile in the acute stage of infantile-onset TLE overlaps in dysregulation of miR-132-5p, -205, and -211-3p with the chronic stage of the disease starting in adulthood. The analysis of putative targets linked the majority of dysregulated miRNAs with pathways involved in epilepsy. Our profiling uncovered miRNA expression characteristic for infantile and adulthood-onset epileptogenesis, suggesting the distinct biology underlying TLE in the onset age-dependent matter. Our results indicate the necessity of addressing the onset age as an important parameter in future epilepsy research.

S100A11 (calgizzarin), a member of S100 family, is associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of RA and in the externalization of some S100 family members. Therefore, we aimed to determine the association between S100A11 and NETs in RA. For this purpose, the levels of S100A11 and NETosis markers were detected in the RA synovial fluid by immunoassays. The expression of S100A11 by neutrophils in the RA synovial tissue was assessed. Neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood were exposed to S100A11 or stimulated to release NETs. The levels of NETosis- and inflammation-associated proteins were analysed by immunoassays. NETs were visualized by immunofluorescence. We showed that S100A11 was expressed by the neutrophils in the RA synovial tissue. Moreover, S100A11 in the RA synovial fluid correlated with several NETosis markers. In vitro, S100A11 was abundantly released by neutrophils undergoing NETosis compared to untreated cells (p < 0.001). Extracellular S100A11 increased the secretion of IL-6 (p < 0.05) and TNF (p < 0.05) by neutrophils but did not induce NETosis. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the release of S100A11 is dependent on NETosis and that extracellular S100A11 augments the inflammatory response by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines in neutrophils.

Superporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate- co -2-aminoethyl methacrylate) (P(HEMA-AEMA)) hydrogel scaffolds are designed for in vitro 3D culturing of leukemic B cells. Hydrogel porosity, which influences cell functions and growth, is introduced by adding ammonium oxalate needle-like crystals in the polymerization mixture. To improve cell vitality, cell-adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) peptide is immobilized on the N -(γ-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide-activated P(HEMA-AEMA) hydrogels via reaction of SH with maleimide groups. This modification is especially suitable for the survival of primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (B-CLLs) in 3D cell culture. No other tested stimuli (interleukin-4, CD40 ligand, or shaking) can further improve B-CLL survival or metabolic activity. Both unmodified and RGDS-modified P(HEMA-AEMA) scaffolds serve as a long-term (70 days) 3D culture platforms for HS-5 and M2-10B4 bone marrow stromal cell lines and MEC-1 and HG-3 B-CLL cell lines, although the adherent cells retain their physiological morphologies, preferably on RGDS-modified hydrogels. Moreover, the porosity of hydrogels allows direct cell lysis, followed by efficient DNA isolation from the 3D-cultured cells. P(HEMA-AEMA)-RGDS thus serves as a suitable 3D in vitro leukemia model that enables molecular and metabolic assays and allows imaging of cell morphology, interactions, and migration by confocal microscopy. Such applications can prospectively assist in testing of drugs to treat this frequently recurring or refractory cancer.

Background: The development of hand osteoarthritis (HOA) and its progression into the erosive subset are unclear, but inflammation is suspected to be the main source. To verify the involvement of inflammation in HOA pathogenesis, we evaluate serum inflammatory mediators and their association with HOA-related clinical features in patients., Methods: 153 participants (50 non-erosive HOA patients, 54 erosive HOA patients, and 49 healthy control subjects) were included in this study. All patients underwent clinical examination, which included assessment of tender and swollen small hand joints, ultrasound (US) examination, and self-reported measures (e.g., AUSCAN or algofunctional indexes). Serum inflammatory mediators were quantified using human cytokine 27-plex immunoassay. We employed linear modelling, correlation analysis, and resampling statistics to evaluate the association of these mediators to HOA., Results: We identified increased levels of nine inflammatory mediators (e.g., eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-8, and tumour necrosis factor) in HOA patients compared to healthy controls. Increased mediators correlated with ultrasound findings as well as with clinically tender and swollen joint counts in patients with erosive HOA. However, none of the mediators distinguished between erosive and non-erosive HOA subtypes., Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis on the involvement of inflammation in HOA.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a severe neurological disorder accompanied by recurrent spontaneous seizures. Although the knowledge of TLE onset is still incomplete, TLE pathogenesis most likely involves the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs play an essential role in organism homeostasis and are widely studied in TLE as potential therapeutics and biomarkers. However, many discrepancies in discovered miRNAs occur among TLE studies due to model-specific miRNA expression, different onset ages of epilepsy among patients, or technology-related bias. We employed a massive parallel sequencing approach to analyze brain tissues from 16 adult mesial TLE (mTLE)/hippocampal sclerosis (HS) patients, 8 controls and 20 rats with TLE-like syndrome, and 20 controls using the same workflow and categorized these subjects based on the age of epilepsy onset. All categories were compared to discover overlapping miRNAs with an aberrant expression, which could be involved in TLE. Our cross-comparative analyses showed distinct miRNA profiles across the age of epilepsy onset and found that the miRNA profile in rats with adult-onset TLE shows the closest resemblance to the profile in mTLE/HS patients. Additionally, this analysis revealed overlapping miRNAs between patients and the rat model, which should participate in epileptogenesis and ictogenesis. Among the overlapping miRNAs stand out miR-142-5p and miR-142-3p, which regulate immunomodulatory agents with pro-convulsive effects and suppress neuronal growth. Our cross-comparison study enhanced the insight into the effect of the age of epilepsy onset on miRNA expression and deepened the knowledge of epileptogenesis. We employed the same methodological workflow in both patients and the rat model, thus improving the reliability and accuracy of our results., (Copyright © 2020 Baloun, Bencurova, Totkova, Kubova, Hermanova, Hendrych, Pail, Pospisilova and Brazdil.)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is a mutator enzyme essential for somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) during effective adaptive immune responses. Its aberrant expression and activity have been detected in lymphomas, leukemias, and solid tumors. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) increased expression of alternatively spliced AID variants has been documented. We used real-time RT-PCR to quantify the expression of AID and its alternatively spliced transcripts (AIDΔE4a, AIDΔE4, AIDivs3, and AIDΔE3E4) in 149 CLL patients and correlated this expression to prognostic markers including recurrent chromosomal aberrations, the presence of complex karyotype, mutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene, and recurrent mutations. We report a previously unappreciated association between higher AID transcript levels and trisomy of chromosome 12. Functional analysis of AID splice variants revealed loss of their activity with respect to SHM, CSR, and induction of double-strand DNA breaks. In silico modeling provided insight into the molecular interactions and structural dynamics of wild-type AID and a shortened AID variant closely resembling AIDΔE4, confirming its loss-of-function phenotype.

Objective: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a severe neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. mTLE is frequently accompanied by neurodegeneration in the hippocampus resulting in hippocampal sclerosis (HS), the most common morphological correlate of drug resistance in mTLE patients. Incomplete knowledge of pathological changes in mTLE+HS complicates its therapy. The pathological mechanism underlying mTLE+HS may involve abnormal gene expression regulation, including posttranscriptional networks involving microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA expression deregulation has been reported in various disorders, including epilepsy. However, the miRNA profile of mTLE+HS is not completely known and needs to be addressed., Methods: Here, we have focused on hippocampal miRNA profiling in 33 mTLE+HS patients and nine postmortem controls to reveal abnormally expressed miRNAs. In this study, we significantly reduced technology-related bias (the most common source of false positivity in miRNA profiling data) by combining two different miRNA profiling methods, namely next generation sequencing and miRNA-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction., Results: These methods combined have identified and validated 20 miRNAs with altered expression in the human epileptic hippocampus; 19 miRNAs were up-regulated and one down-regulated in mTLE+HS patients. Nine of these miRNAs have not been previously associated with epilepsy, and 19 aberrantly expressed miRNAs potentially regulate the targets and pathways linked with epilepsy (such as potassium channels, γ-aminobutyric acid, neurotrophin signaling, and axon guidance)., Significance: This study extends current knowledge of miRNA-mediated gene expression regulation in mTLE+HS by identifying miRNAs with altered expression in mTLE+HS, including nine novel abnormally expressed miRNAs and their putative targets. These observations further encourage the potential of microRNA-based biomarkers or therapies., (Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 International League Against Epilepsy.)

Background: Primary human B cells chronic lymphocytic leukemia undergoes apoptosis, from which they can be rescued by contact with stromal cells or by the addition of specific soluble factor, when cultured in vitro. For research purposes of the behavior of CLL cells we created 3D in vitro model in which we simulated appropriate microenvironment for CLL cells to allow study the mechanism of survival of these cells in long-term cultivation., Material and Methods: Our aim was the scaffold structure to be geometrically similar to the 3D morphology of supporting bone marrow tissue in a trabecular bone; the 3D scaffold was also designed to conform to biocompatibility, sufficiently large surface area for cell attachment, high porosity for cell migration, proliferation and transport of nutrients. Another requirement was a partial transparency for inspection of cell model with optical techniques. We prepared 3D scaffolds from porous hydrogel poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-aminoethyl methacrylate) p (HEMA-co-AEMA) and p (HEMA-co-AEMA) modified with frequently used cell adhesion peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). All hydrogel scaffolds were manufactured in four pore diameters (125, 200, 300 and 350-450 μm). Scaffolds were tested with human bone marrow stromal cell line HS-5 and human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293., Results: Hydrogel scaffold p (HEMA-co-AEMA) modified with adhesion peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) with pore diameter of 350-450 μm demonstrated that it is a convenient system for 3D cell cultivation, since it promotes interaction between the cells and also between the cells and the material. This scaffold was used for seeding of co-cultivation system of HS-5 cells with CLL-cells, which were stimulated through the CD40L signaling pathway as well as via the IL-4 pathway. Viability of B-CLL cells was higher in the presence of both stimulators than with each alone., Conclusions: We have shown that 3D scaffold technology is very useful for modeling of microsystems where the cancer cells behave like in their natural microenvironment.Key words: hematooncology - leukemia - hydrogel - stromal cells This work was supported by grant COST CZ LD15144 "Cellular and acellular grounds for regeneration of bones and teeth" awarded by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 6. 3. 2017Accepted: 26. 3. 2017.

Metallothioneins (MTs) were identified as important players in metal metabolism. MT3 gene presents a key metallothionein controlling copper homeostasis in plants. We have selected one cupricolous and one non-cupricolous ecotype to isolate and analyse the MT3 gene in Silene vulgaris. For expression data comparison, we have also included other metal-tolerant ecotypes. Based on a S. vulgaris BAC library screening, we have identified and sequenced a genomic clone containing MT3 gene (SvMT3). We found that SvMT3 gene has been locally duplicated in a tandem arrangement. Expression analysis and complementation studies using yeast mutants showed that both copies of the SvMT3 gene were functional. Moreover, we examined the expression of MT3 gene(s) in selected ecotypes under different copper treatments to show the tissue-specific expression response to copper stress. We demonstrated that higher copper concentrations specifically affected MT3 expression among ecotypes. Our analysis shows that MT3a has similar expression pattern in cupricolous ecotypes while MT3b has common expression features shared by all metallophyte S. vulgaris ecotypes. Our data indicate that down-regulation of MT3b root expression in higher copper concentrations is associated with copper stress. We propose that there might be a specific regulation of SvMT3s transcription depending on the type of heavy metal tolerance.

Silene vulgaris possesses ecotype-specific tolerance to high levels of copper in the soil. Although this was reported a few decades ago, little is known about this trait on a molecular level. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcription response to elevated copper concentrations in two S. vulgaris ecotypes originating from copper-contrasting soil types - copper-tolerant Lubietova and copper-sensitive Stranska skala. To reveal if plants are transcriptionally affected, we first analyzed the HMA7 gene, a known key player in copper metabolism. Based on BAC library screening, we identified a BAC clone containing a SvHMA7 sequence with all the structural properties specific for plant copper-transporting ATPases. The functionality of the gene was tested using heterologous complementation in yeast mutants. Analyses of SvHMA7 transcription patterns showed that both ecotypes studied up-regulated SvHMA7 transcription after the copper treatment. Our data are supported by analysis of appropriate reference genes based on RNA-Seq databases. To identify genes specifically involved in copper response in the studied ecotypes, we analyzed transcription profiles of genes coding Cu-transporting proteins and genes involved in the prevention of copper-induced oxidative stress in both ecotypes. Our data show that three genes (APx, POD and COPT5) differ in their transcription pattern between the ecotypes with constitutively increased transcription in Lubietova. Taken together, we have identified transcription differences between metallifferous and non-metalliferous ecotypes of S. vulgaris, and we have suggested candidate genes participating in metal tolerance in this species., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays a number of key roles in many biochemical pathways. This peptide is highly reactive and forms conjugates with other molecules via its sulfhydryl moiety. The interactions of the common heavy metal pollutant Cd(II) with GSH were determined by using the Brdicka reaction to evaluate whether this technique would be suitable as a biomarker. After GSH interaction with Cd(II) ions, two characteristic changes in the measured voltammogram were observed: Cat2 signal height decreased, and a new signal called P1 was found. The observed signal probably relates to the formation of a GSH-heavy metal ion complex adsorbed on the surface of the working electrode. When the interaction of GSH with cisplatin was studied, the same characteristic changes in the voltammogram were observed, which confirmed our hypothesis. Moreover, changes in the height of P1 and Cat2 signals with increasing time of GSH interaction with Cd(II) ions and/or cisplatin were also investigated. Cat2 peak height decreased proportionally with increasing time of interaction. This decrease can be explained by shielding of free sulfhydryl moiety by heavy metal ions, so it cannot catalyze the evolution of hydrogen from the supporting electrolyte. In addition, we found that, with increasing time of the interaction, the P1 signal was enhanced and shifted to more positive potentials for both Cd(II) ions and cisplatin.

Treatment strategies for tumour diseases are progressively focusing on personalization of medicine. However, this focus requires methods revealing the early general biological mechanisms, including the formation anti-cancer drugs' resistance. The low molecular mass protein metallothionein is thought to be the crucial for the formation of resistance in tumour treatment based on the platinum-cytostatics. The interactions between metallothionein (MT) and cisplatin were determined by the adsorptive transfer stripping technique coupled with the differential pulse votlammetry Brdickás reaction. The signals related to the MT-cisplatin complex appeared at -0.9 V. The formation of this complex depended on the time of interaction between cisplatin and MT. The complex formation was consequently confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance analyses. The formation of this complex was detectable even after a 20 s long interaction. Moreover, we detected presence of MT-cisplatin complex in the blood of male rats treated with this drug.

In the present paper potato plants were cultivated in the presence of ammonium sulphate or elemental sulphur supplementation into the soil to reveal the effects of different sulphur forms on content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur, and yield of tubers. During the investigation of the influence of different sulphur forms on yield of potato tubers we did not observe significant changes. Average weight of tubers of control plants per one experimental pot was 355 g. Application of sulphur in both forms resulted in moderate potato tubers weight reduction per one experimental pot compared to control group; average value ranged from 320 to 350 g per one experimental pot. Further we treated the plants with two different supplementation of sulphur with cadmium(II) ions (4 mg of cadmium(II) acetate per kilogram of the soil). The significantly lowest cadmium content (p < 0.05) was determined in tissues of plants treated with the highest dosage of elemental sulphur (0.64 mg Cd/kg) compared to control plants (0.82 mg Cd/kg). We also aimed our attention on the cadmium content in proteins, lipids or soluble carbohydrates and ash. Application of sulphate as well as elemental sulphur resulted in significant cadmium content reduction in lipid fraction compared to control plants. In addition to this we quantified content of low molecular mass thiols in potatoes tissues. To determine the thiols content we employed differential pulse voltammetry Brdicka reaction. After twelve days of the treatment enhancing of thiols level was observed in all experimental groups regardless to applied sulphur form and its concentration. Finally we evaluated the effect of sulphur supplementation on Phytophora infestans infection of potato plants.