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Minimising pain with effective local anaesthesia is an essential step towards improving the level of dentally anxious patients’ comfort during dental treatment. It can be provided by many different techniques. One of them is using the Computer-Controlled Local Anaesthesia Delivery systems (CCLADs). This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of computerised anaesthesia with the conventional technique in terms of perceived pain. A database literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, covering up the period between 2015 and 2023. Only the studies comparing computerised anaesthesia technique with the use of conventional carpule were included. An overview of 20 relevant studies (n = 1347 subjects) was provided including pediatric patients, as well as the adults. The evaluated parameters were: pain, child’s behaviour, heart rate, blood pressure, level of satisfaction, anxiety, further anaesthesia method preference, need for additional anaesthetic, as well as the duration of anaesthesia, measured by different scales, devices and questionnaires. The present literature review led the authors to the conclusion, that the use of CCLADs is significantly less painful than the traditional anaesthesia and it is a promising technique for helping patients deal with pain perception. However, it is advisable to conduct further research on the use of CCLAD.

Domestic hot water storage tanks (HWST) are widely used devices, and their daily operation can generate significant annual heat losses to the environment. Previous studies concerning HWST have mainly focused on the impact of insulation quality and thickness, stratification, and tank operation on total heat losses. Some studies have addressed these losses concerning different parts of the tank, including upper, lower, and side walls. However, the influence of insulating additional tank elements, such as connectors, on heat loss has not been analyzed.Therefore, experimental studies were conducted as a reference for the temperature distribution and heat loss from an insulated HWST equipped with 12 connectors. Then, CFD numerical calculations of heat loss were performed for various variants: an insulated HWST without connectors, a tank with connectors insulated in five different ways, and an uninsulated tank.It was found that, in extreme cases of poor insulation of the tank connectors, the heat loss increased by 92.5 % and 147.6 %, respectively, compared to the reference loss. This means an increase in heat loss streams by 62.0 W and 98.9 W compared to the reference case. The latter value corresponds to an annual heat loss of approximately 3 GJ. The study also showed that insulating the bottom of the tank is crucial. With proper insulation, heat losses from this part account for less than 10 % of the total heat loss.The results highlight the critical role of proper connector insulation in minimizing standby heat losses in water storage systems.

Background: Fear and anxiety are common psychological responses to unpleasant stimuli, with dental fear being the fourth most prevalent type of fear or phobia. However, not all dental procedures cause the same level of anxiety, with dental surgery and tooth extraction being among the top five most frightening procedures in the field. Tooth extractions are also the most common surgical procedure in dental surgery. It is important to manage anxiety in the dental office by identifying the main factors. Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 250 patients. The survey technique and the Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire (BPCQ) were used in the study. Pain and stress intensity on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were measured in each patient before and after tooth extraction procedures. Results: Young women and people from small towns had the highest levels of anxiety. The factor causing the highest level of anxiety was fear of complications. Patients undergoing extraction of retained teeth were characterized by higher levels of anxiety. Conclusions: Perioperative stress is strongly dependent on numerous factors. For patient comfort, it may be crucial for dentists to have knowledge about these factors and the ability to utilize them to reduce stress before and after tooth extractions.

Minimising pain with effective local anaesthesia is an essential step towards improving the level of dentally anxious patients' comfort during dental treatment. It can be provided by many different techniques. One of them is using the Computer-Controlled Local Anaesthesia Delivery systems (CCLADs). This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of computerised anaesthesia with the conventional technique in terms of perceived pain. A database literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, covering up the period between 2015 and 2023. Only the studies comparing computerised anaesthesia technique with the use of conventional carpule were included. An overview of 20 relevant studies (n = 1347 subjects) was provided including pediatric patients, as well as the adults. The evaluated parameters were: pain, child's behaviour, heart rate, blood pressure, level of satisfaction, anxiety, further anaesthesia method preference, need for additional anaesthetic, as well as the duration of anaesthesia, measured by different scales, devices and questionnaires. The present literature review led the authors to the conclusion, that the use of CCLADs is significantly less painful than the traditional anaesthesia and it is a promising technique for helping patients deal with pain perception. However, it is advisable to conduct further research on the use of CCLAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fear and anxiety are common psychological responses to unpleasant stimuli, with dental fear being the fourth most prevalent type of fear or phobia. However, not all dental procedures cause the same level of anxiety, with dental surgery and tooth extraction being among the top five most frightening procedures in the field. Tooth extractions are also the most common surgical procedure in dental surgery. It is important to manage anxiety in the dental office by identifying the main factors. Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 250 patients. The survey technique and the Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire (BPCQ) were used in the study. Pain and stress intensity on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were measured in each patient before and after tooth extraction procedures. Results: Young women and people from small towns had the highest levels of anxiety. The factor causing the highest level of anxiety was fear of complications. Patients undergoing extraction of retained teeth were characterized by higher levels of anxiety. Conclusions: Perioperative stress is strongly dependent on numerous factors. For patient comfort, it may be crucial for dentists to have knowledge about these factors and the ability to utilize them to reduce stress before and after tooth extractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin clot (PRF) and conventional oroantral communication (OAC) repair techniques following tooth extractions from the maxilla. The study involved 22 patients, divided into 2 groups: a study group treated with PRF and a control group undergoing conventional OAC repair. The primary outcome measured was the effectiveness of OAC closure, with pain intensity and postoperative complications as secondary outcomes. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate post-extraction bone regeneration. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) on days 0, 1, 7, and 14 postoperatively. The results showed that the PRF group experienced a significant decrease in pain within the first 24 hours and after 7 days (P <.0001; P <.05). In contrast, complications were reported in 45.45% of patients in the conventional repair group and 18.18% in the A-PRF group. Three months postsurgery, CBCT revealed appreciable bone healing in both groups, with no significant difference (P >.05). In conclusion, the study suggests that A-PRF treatment for OACs resulted in fewer complications and quicker pain reduction than traditional repair methods, making it a promising alternative for managing OACs. However, future studies are needed to confirm these findings and establish the full therapeutic potential of PRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]