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Assessing the adaptability and stability of herbicide-tolerant lentil accessions to two broad-spectrum post-emergence herbicides in multi-environment trials has become a must in a breeding program to improve its selection. The adaptability and stability of 42 herbicide-tolerant lentil accessions were investigated using five stability parameters under eight different environments. Significant Genotype–Environment (GE) interaction was found for days to flowering (DFLR), days to maturity (DMAT), and seed yield per plant (SY). The analyzed stability parameters such as Cultivar superiority, Finlay–Wilkinson, Shukla, Static Stability, and Wricke’s Ecovalence ranked the tested accessions differently, confirming the importance of using a combination of stability parameters when evaluating the performance of a group of accessions. GGE biplot of the SY trait accounted for 60.79% of sums of squares of the GE interaction and showed that cool and high rainfall environments are ideal for testing the agronomic performance of tolerant accessions. The GGE biplot of SY showed that IG4605(19), IG195(6), and IG156635(12) were specifically adapted to one mega environment, whereas IG70056(38) was identified as a superior line having a high and stable yield. These lines should be included in lentil crossing programs to develop herbicide-tolerant cultivars adapted to diverse environments.

Heat waves are expected to become more frequent and intense, which will impact faba bean cultivation globally. Conventional breeding methods are effective but take considerable time to achieve breeding goals, and, therefore, the identification of molecular markers associated with key genes controlling heat tolerance can facilitate and accelerate efficient variety development. We phenotyped 134 accessions in six open field experiments during summer seasons at Terbol, Lebanon, at Hudeiba, Sudan, and at Central Ferry, WA, USA from 2015 to 2018. These accessions were genotyped using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), and 10,794 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered. These accessions were clustered in one diverse large group, although several discrete groups may exist surrounding it. Fifteen lines belonging to different botanical groups were identified as tolerant to heat. SNPs associated with heat tolerance using single-trait (ST) and multi-trait (MT) genome-wide association studies (GWASs) showed 9 and 11 significant associations, respectively. Through the annotation of the discovered significant SNPs, we found that SNPs from transcription factor helix–loop–helix bHLH143-like S-adenosylmethionine carrier, putative pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At5g08310, protein NLP8-like, and photosystem II reaction center PSB28 proteins are associated with heat tolerance.

Supplementary Table S1. SNP-trait associations revealed by the ST-GWAS analysis. Underscored SNPs represents the highly significant associations, while SNPs in italic represents the SNPs associated with multiple traits. Supplementary Table S2. Gene annotation information of some of the highly significant NPSs-traits associations. Supplementary Table S3. Details of the traits recorded at each experiment; traits are coded as the environment, followed by the trait, the treatment and “RI” if the number describe a reduction index. Supplementary Table S4. Description of the damages observed in the treated plants for each herbicide damage score (HDS).

Heat waves are expected to become more frequent and intense, which will impact faba bean cultivation globally. Conventional breeding methods are effective but take considerable time to achieve breeding goals, and, therefore, the identification of molecular markers associated with key genes controlling heat tolerance can facilitate and accelerate efficient variety development. We phenotyped 134 accessions in six open field experiments during summer seasons at Terbol, Lebanon, at Hudeiba, Sudan, and at Central Ferry, WA, USA from 2015 to 2018. These accessions were genotyped using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), and 10,794 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered. These accessions were clustered in one diverse large group, although several discrete groups may exist surrounding it. Fifteen lines belonging to different botanical groups were identified as tolerant to heat. SNPs associated with heat tolerance using single-trait (ST) and multi-trait (MT) genome-wide association studies (GWASs) showed 9 and 11 significant associations, respectively. Through the annotation of the discovered significant SNPs, we found that SNPs from transcription factor helix-loop-helix bHLH143-like S-adenosylmethionine carrier, putative pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At5g08310, protein NLP8-like, and photosystem II reaction center PSB28 proteins are associated with heat tolerance.

Weeds represent one of the major constraints for faba bean crop. The identification of molecular markers associated with key genes imparting tolerance to herbicides can facilitate and fasten the efficient and effective development of herbicide tolerant cultivars. We phenotyped 140 faba bean genotypes in three open field experiments at two locations in Lebanon and Morocco against three herbicide treatments (T1 metribuzin 250 g ai/ha; T2 imazethapyr 75 g ai/ha; T3 untreated) and one in greenhouse where T1 and T3 were applied. The same set was genotyped using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) which yield 10,794 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). ADMIXTURE software was used to infer the population structure which revealed two ancestral subpopulations. To identify SNPs associated with phenological and yield related traits under herbicide treatments, Single-trait (ST) and Multi-trait (MT) Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) were fitted using GEMMA software, showing 10 and 14 highly significant associations, respectively. Genomic sequences containing herbicide tolerance associated SNPs were aligned against the NCBI database using BLASTX tool using default parameters to annotate candidate genes underlying the causal variants. SNPs from acidic endochitinase, LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase RCH1, probable serine/threonine-protein kinase NAK, malate dehydrogenase, photosystem I core protein PsaA and MYB-related protein P-like were significantly associated with herbicide tolerance traits.

[Context] Yield losses in lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.) caused by weeds are estimated at 20-80%. In the absence of effective broad-spectrum herbicides, the menace of weed has emerged as a serious yield constraint in lentil., [Aims] Identification of tolerance to two broad-spectrum post-emergence herbicides, imazethapyr and metribuzin., [Methods] 221 lentil accessions were screened at the experimental research station of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Terbol (Lebanon) over four crop seasons (2014/15-2018/19). During the 2014/15 season, a preliminary screening experiment was conducted with 221 lentil accessions in an alpha lattice design with two replications, where accessions were treated at the pre-flowering stage at 150% of the recommended dose of imazethapyr (112.5 g active ingredient/ha) or metribuzin (315 g active ingredient/ha). Based on the preliminary results, 38 accessions were selected for further evaluation. In subsequent testing, the selected accessions were screened at 100% and 150% of the recommended doses of imazethapyr or metribuzin., [Key results] Herbicide treatments delayed the flowering time and maturation of tested lentil accessions. The plant height of selected tolerant accessions was reduced by 15% and 8% in the plots treated by imazethapyr and metribuzin, respectively. Reduction index (RIsy) was an effective tool to select for herbicide tolerance. Stability analysis indicated that two accessions (IG4400 and IG5722) performed under high rainfall environments while two other accessions (IG323 and IG4605) were adapted to low rainfall environments., [Conclusions] Four accessions (IG323, IG5722, IG4400, IG4605) were identified as independently tolerant to metribuzin and imazethapyr., [Implications] The identified herbicide-tolerant accessions can be used to develop herbicide-tolerant cultivars.

Weeds cause serious constraint to faba bean (Vicia faba L.) productivity. Broad weed control is hampered by the availability of postemergence herbicides to control them, as the current faba bean cultivars are highly susceptible to them. Therefore, the deployment of postemergence herbicide tolerance is desirable in faba bean. To address this, 130 accessions were screened for their response in mature plants under field conditions to the recommended dosage of two herbicides, metribuzin at 250 g a.i. ha−1 and imazethapyr at 75 g a.i. ha−1 at Marchouch and Terbol stations. The recorded herbicide damage score (HDS) varied from 1 (no visual damage) to 5 (full damage with death of more than 50% of plants) at both locations. Low but highly significant (p < .01) and positive correlation (+0.26) was obtained between the recorded HDS at both locations. Both herbicides significantly delayed flowering and maturity time occurrence, reduced plant height and grain yield, and increased number of branches. Reduction index (RI) correlated positively with HDS score at Terbol station in different seasons and at Marchouch in 2016–2017 seasons. Eleven tolerant accessions were identified and further evaluated to 1×, 1.5×, and 2× of recommended dose of both herbicides. The results indicated that the harmful effect of herbicides on grain yield reduction intensified from 13.4 to 27.2% and from −7.6 to 1.8% as the dose of metribuzin and imazethapyr increased respectively from 250 to 500 g a.i. ha−1 and from 75 to 150 g a.i. ha−1. Tolerance to metribuzin and imazethapyr in eight faba bean accessions was confirmed with no significant reduction in grain yield.