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As technology advances, and more students have constant access to cell phones, laptops and tablets inside the classroom, the use of machine translation (MT) by language learners will continue to rise. Therefore, in order for instructors to better design courses they should strive to understand how students are using machine translation, as well as student attitudes towards this technology. This present study examined the perspectives of South Korean graduate students at a science and technology university towards the usage of MT in relation to academic settings. This study featured a survey of 100 participants, and found positive correlations between the use of translators on written assignments, important academic work such as theses, as well as a proclivity to use machine translation to support completion of daily academic tasks. Students also showed a strong belief that MT has overall benefits as a language learning tool. As a result of this study, language teachers may consider incorporating MT education within their second language curriculum.

The objective of this study was to profile and compare alcohol and other drug (AOD) use attitudes and behaviors in three pharmacy colleges. Student surveys of AOD use attitudes and behaviors were conducted at one southwestern and two midwestern pharmacy colleges. Response was 86.5% (566/654). Reported past-year use included alcohol 82.8%, tobacco 25.4%, and marijuana 6.9%. Past-year AOD-associated events included blackouts 18.2%, class or work under influence 7.8%, patient care under influence 1.4%, lowered grades or job evaluations 5.8%, legal charges 2.7%, and heavy drinking 29.0%. Family histories of alcohol or drug problems were reported by 35.5% and 13.1%, respectively. A number of significant differences in AOD use attitudes and behaviors between the three colleges were identified. Pharmacy students reported a number of risky drug-use attitudes and behaviors in this survey. Student AOD prevention, assistance, and education should be proactively addressed by pharmacy colleges. (Contains 4 tables.)

Statewide nursing student alcohol and other drug (AOD) use attitudes and behaviors were assessed. Response was 929/2017 (46%) (practical nursing [n = 173/301] 57.3%; diploma and associate degree in nursing [n = 282/417] 67.6%; bachelor of science in nursing [n = 474/1299] 36.5%). Nearly 44% reported inadequate substance abuse education. Past-year AOD use included tobacco 36.9%, marijuana 6.8%, sedatives 4.6%, and opioids 2.6%. Past-year AOD-related events included blackouts 19.8%, class/work under the influence 6.3%, patient care under the influence 3.9%, lowered grades/job evaluations 6.6%, and legal charges 3.6%. Heavy drinking was reported by 28.9%. Practical nursing (PN) students most often reported tobacco use and sedative use, whereas Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN) students most often reported marijuana use. Family histories of alcohol-related problems and drug-related problems were reported, respectively, by 48.1% and 19.2% of respondents; 51.1% reported at least one of these. PN students most often reported such family histories. Nursing educational systems should proactively address student AOD prevention, education, and assistance. (Contains 4 tables.)

Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use behaviors of health professions students (HPS) were assessed by surveying both university-based HPS and other nursing programs in a Midwestern state in 1999. Response was 2,646 (56.4%) of surveyed students. Family history of alcohol-related and drug-related problems were reported by 39.8% and 13.9%, respectively, with 42.6% of respondents reporting one or both. Among nursing respondents, 48.1%, 19.2%, and 51.1%, respectively, reported family problems with alcohol, drugs, or one or both. Past-year alcohol use was comparable to undergraduate college students (UCS) nationally (83%); heavy drinking, tobacco, and recreational drug use by HPS were lower. Past year drug use was highest among medical students. Marijuana was the predominant illicit drug; medical students and males most often reported use. Health professions educational systems should proactively address student AOD prevention, education, and assistance needs. (Contains 4 tables.)

Surveyed 55 U.S. pharmacy colleges concerning pediatric didactic content, reading assignments, clerkships, and time dedicated to pediatric pharmacy in entry-level doctor of pharmacy programs. An average of 16.7 hours was devoted to pediatric content in required courses with highly variable content. Fifty programs offered pediatric clerkships and 11 programs required them. (Author/DB)

American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy guidelines for required and elective instructional content concerning substance abuse for pharmacy students is presented. Recommended required content includes psychosocial aspects of drug use; pharmacology and toxicology; identification, intervention, and treatment of addiction; and legal issues. Objectives, suggested location, resources, and elective experiences are specified. (Author/MSE)

A national survey of pharmacy faculty members (n=1,326) found most members saw chemical dependencies as diseases and favored rehabilitation over exclusion for chemically dependent health professionals, assistance programs for faculty and students, retention of faculty in recovery, and strengthening substance abuse and wellness curricula by a variety of methods. (Author/MSE)

A national survey of pharmacy faculty (n=1,326) found widespread current alcohol use, 2 percent diagnosed or undiagnosed self-reported alcoholism, and "drinking problems" in 3 percent. Prior recreational drug use was reported by 32 percent, current use 4 percent. Some reported drug addiction or abuse problems. Alcohol use rates are similar to other health professions, drug use lower. (Author/MSE)

The dominant damping mode for micromachined resonators operating at low pressures, typically 1000 Pa or less, is collisions with gas particles. This paper presents simple models for determining the damping and the quality factor of microcantilever, bridge, and paddle resonators in vertical, horizontal, and torsional motion, using a consistent model of gas-surface interaction, operating in the free-molecular-flow regime. These models incorporate effects such as wall temperature, accommodation coefficients, and high aspect ratios. Finally, the limiting case of vibrational velocities approaching the thermal velocity of the gas particles is considered, with analysis showing that these models are valid until the peak velocity of the vibration reaches 0.2c, where c is the thermal velocity of the gas. [2007-0120] Index Terms--Atomic-force microscopy, free-molecular flow, microbridge sensors, microcantilever sensors, microresonators, Q factor, torsional resonators.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is an obligate homodimer that catalyzes the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent decarboxylation of L-ornithine to putrescine in polyamine biosynthesis. It is reported that ODC is investigated as a therapeutic target for a number of proliferative diseases and has proved to be an effective target in the treatment of African sleeping sickness, a fatal tropical disease.

Experiments were conducted where asymmetries were observed across a monolayer of dimethylanilinoaza(C(sub 60))fullerene, (DMA-NC(sub 60), 1) sandwiched between gold electrodes of relatively large size (0.265 mm(super 2)). The result showed a sigmoidal and slightly asymmetric behavior bespeaking of a moderate unimolecular rectification, and a high increase in the current to 0.3 to 1 A.

Rectification was observed across a monolayer of 2,6-di[dibutylamino-phenylvinyl]-1-butylpyridinium iodide, (Bu2NphivV)(sub 2)BuPy(super +)I(super -), 1 in between gold electrodes. The current is enhanced at a forward bias above 0.5 to 1.0 V, as electrons flow preferentially from the iodide ions to pyridinium ring.

Research has been conducted on the 3,4-cyanomethyl substituted thiophenes. The reaction of these compounds with thionyl chloride has been carried out in the presence of base in producing dicyano substituted thieno(3,4-c)thiophenes and the details are reported.

The activation of dioxygen at the carboxylate-bridged diiron (II) cluster in the R2 subunit of Escherichia coli class I ribonucleotide reductase produces the enzyme's catalytically essential stable tyrosyl radical by one-electron oxidation of tyrosine 122. Evidence for the trysptophan cation radical assignment is provided by showing that the abdorbing species reacts rapidly with reductants.

The mechanism and outcome of dioxygen activation by the carboxylate-bridged diiron(II) cluster in the W48F site-directed variant of protein R2 of ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli are determined by kinetic, spectroscopic and chemical methods. The result provides convincing evidence for the rapid and nearly quantitative formation of the Fe(IV)Fe(III) cluster and the Y122 radical species as a consequence of the defect in electron injection in the W48F-substituted variant.

The crystal structure of the reduced, diiron (II) reactant and oxidized, diiron (III) product forms of the D84E site-directed mutant of the R2 subunit of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase is described.

Hexadecylquinolinium tricyanoquinodimethanide (1), a unimolecular rectificer of electric current with a large ground-state dipole moment, was found to show large hypsochromic shifts of the absorption spectrum. By employing a prolate spheroidal cavity model and the absorption maxima measured in eight solvents, the excited-state dipole moment of 1 was estimated as 8.7 D. The NMR spectral lines widen beyond 330 degrees K and lose the multiplet structure.