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The authors report 2 cases of small bowel ischemia due to unusual cause. In both cases, vasculopathy was the cause of ischemia, but with a different etiology. In the first case, a mesenteric inflammatory veno-occlusive disease, with striking features of extensive phlebitis and venulitis affecting the veins of the small intestine and mesentery, without arterial involvement of this district was observed and histological examination showed inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrates and myointimal hyperplasia of the veins. The second case affected by intestinal ischemia from secondary and multiple cholesterol embolism, the histological examination showed inflammatory infiltrates with (lymphocytes and granulocytes) in the vessels of submucosal mesenteric area, by loose intimal fibrosis incorporating cholesterol clefts. Both patients required surgical exploration with resection of ischemic bowel. In the second case laparoscopy was the initial approach which allowed to identify the extension of ischemia with special regard to the perforation. The ultimate diagnosis is possible only with histological examination. Clinically, patients show the general signs of intestinal ischemia with pain, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Prognosis depends on the extension of the lesions and the early surgical treatment.

The Authors report a case of sigmoid obstruction due to endometriosis and review the literature about. Unusual localisation and difficult preoperative differential diagnosis with IBD and bowel carcinoma are stressed. A 45-years old woman with previous history of oophorectomy was admitted at the hospital with symptomatic bowel obstruction. A barium enema showed a sigmoid stenosis thought to a carcinoma of bowel. A laparoscopic approach confirmed the diagnosis and a laparotomy was performed with a subsequent anterior resection (end-to-end anastomosis with stapler) plus myomectomy. The Authors do believed, during surgery, to be treating a carcinoma which disappeared with opening the specimen. The mucosa were intact and muscular layers so think to form a strong ring to be able to invaginate the upper colon for 3-4 cm. A stromal tumor was supposed and the definite diagnosis of endometriosis was very surprisingly. Intestinal resection to be necessary, with associated salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy in older patients and treatment with oral contraceptive in younger female. Laparoscopy may be helpful in the diagnosis showing pelvic endometriosis with bowel wall involvement. Laparoscopic treatment in our opinion must be confirmed to particular situation and to well experience of surgeons.