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170 results on '"Baldazzi, Giuseppe"'

1. The X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) on-board THESEUS: design, main characteristics, and concept of operation

Author

Labanti, Claudio, Amati, Lorenzo, Frontera, Filippo, Mereghetti, Sandro, Gasent-Blesa, José Luis, Tenzer, Christoph, Orleanski, Piotr, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Campana, Riccardo, Fuschino, Fabio, Terenzi, Luca, Virgilli, Enrico, Morgante, Gianluca, Orlandini, Mauro, Butler, Reginald C., Stephen, John B., Auricchio, Natalia, De Rosa, Adriano, Da Ronco, Vanni, Evangelisti, Federico, Melchiorri, Michele, Squerzanti, Stefano, Fiorini, Mauro, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Mele, Filippo, Gandola, Massimo, Malcovati, Piero, Grassi, Marco, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Borghi, Giacomo, Ficorella, Francesco, Picciotto, Antonino, Zanini, Vittorio, Zorzi, Nicola, Demenev, Evgeny, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rachevski, Alexander, Zampa, Gianluigi, Vacchi, Andrea, Zampa, Nicola, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, La Rosa, Giovanni, Sottile, Giuseppe, Volpe, Angela, Winkler, Marek, Reglero, Victor, Connell, Paul H., Pinazo-Herrero, Benjamin, Navarro-González, Javier, Rodríguez-Martínez, Pedro, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Santangelo, Andrea, Hedderman, Paul, Lorenzi, Paolo, Sarra, Paolo, Pedersen, Søren M., Tcherniak, Denis, Guidorzi, Cristiano, Rosati, Piero, Trois, Alessio, and Piazzolla, Raffaele

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

THESEUS is one of the three missions selected by ESA as fifth medium class mission (M5) candidates in its Cosmic Vision science program, currently under assessment in a phase A study with a planned launch date in 2032. THESEUS is designed to carry on-board two wide and deep sky monitoring instruments for X/gamma-ray transients detection: a wide-field soft X-ray monitor with imaging capability (Soft X-ray Imager, SXI, 0.3 - 5 keV), a hard X-ray, partially-imaging spectroscopic instrument (X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer, XGIS, 2 keV - 10 MeV), and an optical/near-IR telescope with both imaging and spectroscopic capability (InfraRed Telescope, IRT, 0.7 - 1.8 $\mu$m). The spacecraft will be capable of performing fast repointing of the IRT to the error region provided by the monitors, thus allowing it to detect and localize the transient sources down to a few arcsec accuracy, for immediate identification and redshift determination. The prime goal of the XGIS will be to detect transient sources, with monitoring timescales down to milliseconds, both independently of, or following, up SXI detections, and identify the sources performing localisation at < 15 arcmin and characterize them over a broad energy band, thus providing also unique clues to their emission physics. The XGIS system consists of two independent but identical coded mask cameras, arranged to cover 2 steradians . The XGIS will exploit an innovative technology coupling Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) with crystal scintillator bars and a very low-noise distributed front-end electronics (ORION ASICs), which will produce a position sensitive detection plane, with a large effective area over a huge energy band (from soft X-rays to soft gamma-rays) with timing resolution down to a few $\mu$s.Here is presented an overview of the XGIS instrument design, its configuration, and capabilities., Comment: Proceedings of the SPIE 2020, paper 11444-303

Published
2021

2. First FAMU observation of muon transfer from mu-p atoms to higher-Z elements

Author

FAMU Collaboration, Mocchiutti, Emiliano, Bonvicini, Valter, Carbone, Rita, Danailov, Miltcho, Furlanetto, Elena, Gadedjisso-Tossou, Komlan Segbeya, Guffanti, Daniele, Pizzolotto, Cecilia, Rachevski, Alexandre, Stoychev, Lyubomir, Vallazza, Erik Silvio, Zampa, Gianluigi, Niemela, Joseph, Ishida, Katsuhiko, Adamczak, Andrzej, Baccolo, Giovanni, Benocci, Roberto, Bertoni, Roberto, Bonesini, Maurizio, Chignoli, Francesco, Clemenza, Massimiliano, Curioni, Alessandro, Maggi, Valter, Mazza, Roberto, Moretti, Massimiliano, Nastasi, Massimiliano, Previtali, Ezio, Bakalov, Dimitar, Danev, Petar, Stoilov, Michail, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Campana, Riccardo, D'Antone, Ignazio, Furini, Michele, Fuschino, Fabio, Labanti, Claudio, Margotti, Anselmo, Meneghini, Stefano, Morgante, Gianluca, Rignanese, Luigi Pio, Rossi, Pier Luca, Zuffa, Mirco, Cervi, Tommaso, de Bari, Antonio, Menegolli, Alessandro, De Vecchi, Carlo, Nardo`, Roberto, Rossella, Massimo, Tomaselli, Alessandra, Colace, Lorenzo, De Vincenzi, Mario, Iaciofano, Alfredo, Somma, Fabrizia, Tortora, Ludovico, Ramponi, Roberta, and Vacchi, Andrea

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The FAMU experiment aims to accurately measure the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of the muonic hydrogen atom. A measurement of the transfer rate of muons from hydrogen to heavier gases is necessary for this purpose. In June 2014, within a preliminary experiment, a pressurized gas-target was exposed to the pulsed low-energy muon beam at the RIKEN RAL muon facility (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK). The main goal of the test was the characterization of both the noise induced by the pulsed beam and the X-ray detectors. The apparatus, to some extent rudimental, has served admirably to this task. Technical results have been published that prove the validity of the choices made and pave the way for the next steps. This paper presents the results of physical relevance of measurements of the muon transfer rate to carbon dioxide, oxygen, and argon from non-thermalized excited mu-p atoms. The analysis methodology and the approach to the systematics errors are useful for the subsequent study of the transfer rate as function of the kinetic energy of the mu-p currently under way., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables

Published
2017

6. The X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) for THESEUS and other mission opportunities

Author

Amati, Lorenzo, primary, Labanti, Claudio, additional, Mereghetti, Sandro, additional, Frontera, Filippo, additional, Campana, Riccardo, additional, Auricchio, Natalia, additional, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, additional, Bellutti, Pierluigi, additional, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, additional, Branchesi, Marica, additional, Butler, Reginald C., additional, Caballero-Garcia, Maria D., additional, Camisasca, Anna E., additional, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., additional, Cavazzini, Leo, additional, Ciolfi, Riccardo, additional, De Rosa, Adriano, additional, Evangelisti, Federico, additional, Farinelli, Ruben, additional, Ferro, Lisa, additional, Ficorella, Francesco, additional, Fiorini, Mauro, additional, Fuschino, Fabio, additional, Gasent-Blesa, José L., additional, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, additional, Grassi, Marco, additional, Guidorzi, Cristiano, additional, Hedderman, Paul, additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, La Rosa, Giovanni, additional, Lorenzi, Paolo, additional, Malcovati, Piero, additional, Marchesini, Ezequiel, additional, Marisaldi, Martino, additional, Melchiorri, Michele, additional, Mele, Filippo, additional, Mikhalska, Malgorzata, additional, Orlandini, Mauro, additional, Orleanski, Piotr, additional, Pedersen, Soren M., additional, Pizzolla, Raffaele, additional, Rachevski, Alexandre, additional, Rashevskaya, Irina, additional, Rosati, Piero, additional, Reglero, Victor, additional, Ronchini, Samuele, additional, Santangelo, Andrea, additional, Salvaterra, Ruben, additional, Sarra, Paolo, additional, Sortino, Francesca, additional, Sottile, Giuseppe, additional, Stratta, Giulia, additional, Squerzanti, Stefano, additional, Stephen, John B., additional, Tenzer, Chris, additional, Terenzi, Luca, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Vacchi, Andrea, additional, Virgilli, Enrico, additional, Volpe, Angela, additional, Winkler, Marek, additional, Zampa, Gianluigi, additional, Zampa, Nicola, additional, and Zdziarski, Andrzej, additional

Published
2022
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7. The X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) for THESEUS and other mission opportunities

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Amati, Lorenzo, Labanti, Claudio, Mereghetti, Sandro, Frontera, Filippo, Campana, Riccardo, Auricchio, Natalia, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Branchesi, Marica, Butler, Reginald C., Caballero-Garcia, Maria D., Camisasca, Anna E., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Cavazzini, Leo, Ciolfi, Riccardo, De Rosa, Adriano, Evangelisti, Federico, Farinelli, Ruben, Ferro, Lisa, Ficorella, Francesco, Fiorini, Mauro, Fuschino, Fabio, Gasent-Blesa, José L., Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, Grassi, Marco, Guidorzi, Cristiano, Hedderman, Paul, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Rosa, Giovanni La, Lorenzi, Paolo, Malcovati, Piero, Marchesini, Ezequiel, Marisaldi, Martino, Melchiorri, Michele, Mele, Filippo, Michalska, Malgorzata, Orlandini, Mauro, Orleanski, Piotr, Pedersen, Søren Møller, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rosati, Piero, Reglero, Victor, Ronchini, Samuele, Santangelo, Andrea, Salvaterra, Ruben, Sarra, Paolo, Sortino, Francesca, Sottile, Giuseppe, Stratta, Giulia, Squerzanti, Stefano, Stephen, John B., Tenzer, Chris, Terenzi, Luca, Trois, Alessio, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Volpe, Angela, Winkler, Marek, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrzej, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Amati, Lorenzo, Labanti, Claudio, Mereghetti, Sandro, Frontera, Filippo, Campana, Riccardo, Auricchio, Natalia, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Branchesi, Marica, Butler, Reginald C., Caballero-Garcia, Maria D., Camisasca, Anna E., Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Cavazzini, Leo, Ciolfi, Riccardo, De Rosa, Adriano, Evangelisti, Federico, Farinelli, Ruben, Ferro, Lisa, Ficorella, Francesco, Fiorini, Mauro, Fuschino, Fabio, Gasent-Blesa, José L., Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, Grassi, Marco, Guidorzi, Cristiano, Hedderman, Paul, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Rosa, Giovanni La, Lorenzi, Paolo, Malcovati, Piero, Marchesini, Ezequiel, Marisaldi, Martino, Melchiorri, Michele, Mele, Filippo, Michalska, Malgorzata, Orlandini, Mauro, Orleanski, Piotr, Pedersen, Søren Møller, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rosati, Piero, Reglero, Victor, Ronchini, Samuele, Santangelo, Andrea, Salvaterra, Ruben, Sarra, Paolo, Sortino, Francesca, Sottile, Giuseppe, Stratta, Giulia, Squerzanti, Stefano, Stephen, John B., Tenzer, Chris, Terenzi, Luca, Trois, Alessio, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Volpe, Angela, Winkler, Marek, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, and Zdziarski, Andrzej

Abstract

We describe the science case, design and expected performances of the X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS), a GRB and transients monitor developed and studied for the THESEUS mission project, capable of covering an exceptionally wide energy band (2 keV – 10 MeV), with imaging capabilities and location accuracy <15 arcmin up to 150 keV over a Field of View of 2sr, a few hundreds eV energy resolution in the X-ray band (<30 keV) and few micro seconds time resolution over the whole energy band. Thanks to a design based on a modular approach, the XGIS can be easily re-scaled and adapted for fitting the available resources and specific scientific objectives of future high-energy astrophysics missions, and especially those aimed at fully exploiting GRBs and high-energy transients for multi-messenger astrophysics and fundamental physics.

Published
2022

8. Development of a multi-energy CT for small animals: characterization of the quasi-monochromatic X-Ray source

Author

Masetti, Simone, Fiaschetti, Michele, Turco, Alessandro, Roma, Laura, Rossi, Pier Luca, Mariselli, Matteo, Lanconelli, Nico, and Baldazzi, Giuseppe

Subjects
CT imaging -- Methods, Medical imaging equipment -- Design and construction, Radiography -- Methods, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A new multi-energy CT for small animals is operative (now only in scanning mode) at the Physics Department of the University of Bologna. The system makes use of a set of quasi-monochromatic X-ray beams produced by means of an Highly-Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Bragg monochromator. This source is able to provide beams with energy tunable in a range from 20 to 70 keV. Here we present a complete characterization of the source. A theoretical model of the source has been analyzed, according to the known Zachariasen's theory for diffracting crystals [1]. The beams have also been characterized in resolution and intensity, over the accessible range, and we present here some measured spectra. The monochromator system demonstrated an energy spread of about 3 keV (Full Width at Half Maximum--FWHM) at a beam energy of 26 keV. At the same energy, the intensity of the output beam is about 6% of the primary beam. Index Terms--Biomedical X-ray imaging, X-ray, X-ray applications, X-ray imaging, X-ray tomography.

Published
2009

10. The X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) on-board THESEUS: design, main characteristics, and concept of operation

Author

Labanti, Claudio, primary, Amati, Lorenzo, additional, Frontera, Filippo, additional, Mereghetti, Sandro, additional, Gasent-Blesa, José Luis, additional, Tenzer, Christoph, additional, Orleanski, Piotr, additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Campana, Riccardo, additional, Fuschino, Fabio, additional, Terenzi, Luca, additional, Virgilli, Enrico, additional, Morgante, Gianluca, additional, Orlandini, Mauro, additional, Butler, Reginald C., additional, Stephen, John B., additional, Auricchio, Natalia, additional, De Rosa, Adriano, additional, Da Ronco, Vanni, additional, Evangelisti, Federico, additional, Melchiorri, Michele, additional, Squerzanti, Stefano, additional, Fiorini, Mauro, additional, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, additional, Mele, Filippo, additional, Gandola, Massimo, additional, Malcovati, Piero, additional, Grassi, Marco, additional, Bellutti, Pierluigi, additional, Borghi, Giacomo, additional, Ficorella, Francesco, additional, Picciotto, Antonino, additional, Zanini, Vittorio, additional, Zorzi, Nicola, additional, Demenev, Evgeny, additional, Rashevskaya, Irina, additional, Rachevski, Alexander, additional, Zampa, Gianluigi, additional, Vacchi, Andrea, additional, Zampa, Nicola, additional, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, additional, La Rosa, Giovanni, additional, Sottile, Giuseppe, additional, Volpe, Angela, additional, Winkler, Marek, additional, Reglero, Victor, additional, Connell, Paul H., additional, Pinazo-Herrero, Benjamin, additional, Navarro-González, Javier, additional, Rodríguez-Martínez, Pedro, additional, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., additional, Santangelo, Andrea, additional, Hedderman, Paul, additional, Lorenzi, Paolo, additional, Sarra, Paolo, additional, Pedersen, Søren M., additional, Tcherniak, Denis, additional, Guidorzi, Cristiano, additional, Rosati, Piero, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, and Piazzolla, Raffaele, additional

Published
2020
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11. The FAMU experiment: Towards the measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the muonic hydrogen

Author

Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Rignanese, Luigi Pio <1989>, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, and Rignanese, Luigi Pio <1989>

Abstract

The proton charge distribution radius is a nuclear physics related observable. QED calculations involve its value. It depends on the Lamb shift and hyperfine splitting which experimentally measured, are considered tests of QED, involving the Rydberg and the fine structure constant. The CREMA collaboration measured the proton radius by using muonic hydrogen spectroscopy. Muon, which is 200 times heavier than the electron, orbits close to the nucleus offering a unique probe for the proton structure. They obtained a precise measurement of the proton radius but 5% smaller than the one from hydrogen spectroscopy and electron-proton scattering. This discrepancy, called "the proton radius puzzle" and it is still an unanswered problem. There is another proton observable, related to both the charge and magnetic distribution, called the Zemach radius. This is dependent on QED and is strictly related to the hyperfine splitting. Different methods for measuring the Zemach radius are not in agreement and so far, a precise estimation of this observable for muonic hydrogen doesn't exist. In this context, FAMU, aims to measure the hyperfine splitting of the muonic hydrogen in the ground state which allows a level of uncertainty better than 1%. This will result in the first precise measurement of the Zemach radius with muonic hydrogen spectroscopy. Adding an independent precise measurement of the Zemach radius in the current panorama should give a hint to the proton radius puzzle solution. Moreover, it will influence the nuclear structure theories of simple atoms and act as a precise test of QED. The physical processes behind these measurements are related to muonic atomic physics. In particular, the ability of the muonic hydrogen to transfer its muon to nearby heavy atoms when in a gaseous mixture. The rate of this transfer process was found to be energy dependent for some elements.

Published
2019

13. LAUe-PEak Radiotherapy (LAUPER)

Author

Mazzolari, Andrea, Camattari, Riccardo, Peccenini, Eva, Spighi, Roberto, Bellucci, Valerio, Cardarelli, Paolo, DI DOMENICO, Giovanni, Gambaccini, Mauro, Guidi, Vincenzo, Marziani, Michele, Paternò, Gianfranco, Taibi, Angelo, LANCONELLI, NICO, MORIGI, MARIA PIA, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, Mazzolari, Andrea, Camattari, Riccardo, Lanconelli, Nico, Morigi, Maria Pia, Peccenini, Eva, Spighi, Roberto, Bellucci, Valerio, Cardarelli, Paolo, DI DOMENICO, Giovanni, Gambaccini, Mauro, Guidi, Vincenzo, Marziani, Michele, Paternò, Gianfranco, Taibi, Angelo, and Baldazzi, Giuseppe

Subjects
radiotheraphy, Laue len
Published
2016

15. DYNAMIC ANGIOTHERMOGRAPHY (DATG)

Author

CASALI, FRANCO, MIGLIO, ROSSELLA, BRANCACCIO, ROSA, MORIGI, MARIA PIA, BETTUZZI, MATTEO, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, Draetta, F. P., Roberto Moccaldi, Casali, F., Draetta, F.P., Miglio, R., Brancaccio, R., Morigi, M.P., Bettuzzi, M., and Baldazzi, G.

Subjects
neoplasia mammella, diagnosi precoce, Angiotermografia dinamica, ghiandola mammaria
Abstract

Questo volume raccoglie gli atti del Convegno Nazionale e dell’Associazione Italiana Radioprotezione Medica durante il quale è stata condotta un’approfondita riflessione su vari aspetti riguardanti la prevenzione, la diagnosi, la terapia e la radioprotezione medica delle lavoratrici esposte alle radiazioni ionizzanti, con i connessi eventuali risvolti medico-legali.

Published
2015

16. Metodi predittivi per Adaptive Radiation Theraphy: effetti del movimento d'organo, degli algoritmi di registrazione deformabile e dell'accumulo di dose

Author

Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Guidi, Gabriele <1974>, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, and Guidi, Gabriele <1974>

Abstract

Il lavoro di ricerca è finanziato dal Ministero della Salute - Bando Giovani Ricercatori 2010 MoH (GR-2010-2318757) “Dose warping methods for IGRT and Adaptive RT: dose accumulation based on organ motion and anatomical variations of the patients during radiation therapy treatments”. La ricerca ha sviluppato metodi predittivi per Adaptive Radiation Therapy. Il paziente è soggetto a macro-micro variazioni anatomiche intra-inter frazione e funzionali durante le fasi di preparazione del piano terapeutico e la ripetitività durante le sedute di radioterapia sono affette da fattori quali movimento d’organo e variazione morfologica, che possono influenzare il programma terapeutico. I sistemi avanzati di calcolo e accumulo di dose consentono la registrazione delle dosi erogate, tenendo in considerazione variazioni locali e globali. Il ricorso a tecnologiche e risorse umane infinite per verificare, istante per istante, la dose erogata a un singolo paziente, sarebbero impensabili nella pratica clinica. I modelli predittivi mediante reti neurali o epidemiologici contribuiscono al monitoraggio del paziente, mediante metodi fisici e statistici. Sono stati valutati fattori di movimento d’organo, le variazioni anatomiche, la deformazione delle immagini e l’accumulo di dose come principali elementi ed effetti nell’utilizzo di metodi predittivi. Questi fattori richiedono la validazione e sviluppo, mediante analisi Bayesiane e misure sperimentali che confermino qualità e accuratezza degli algoritmi. Lo sviluppo e utilizzo di metodiche di dose accumulation e la verifica delle dosi erogate, considerando movimento e deformazione, ha portato allo sviluppo di prototipi robotici, per dosimetria in-vivo e valutazione del movimento, mediante LEGO®. Lo sviluppo delle reti neurali, delle metodiche epidemiologiche e di Support Vector Machine ha consentito di estendere, mediante un progetto di data-mining, le metodologie a centri di livello nazionale. La ricerca mostra le criticità dei metodi pre, The research is funded by the Ministry of Health - Young Researchers in 2010 MoH (GR-2010-2318757) "Dose warping methods for IGRT and Adaptive RT: dose accumulation based on organ motion and anatomical variations of the patients during radiation therapy treatments". The research has developed predictive methods for Adaptive Radiation Therapy. The patient is subjected to macro-micro anatomical and functional variations during the preparation of the treatment plan and during radiation therapy treatments. They are affected by factors such as organs movement and morphological variations, which may influence the therapeutic program. The advanced systems for dose calculation and accumulation allow the recording of doses delivered, taking into account local and global variations. The use of technological and human resources endless to check, moment by moment, the dose delivered to an individual patient, would be unthinkable in clinical practice. Predictive models using neural networks or epidemiological contribute to the monitoring of the patient by physical and statistics methods. Were evaluated factors of organ motion, anatomical variations, deformable registration and dose accumulation as principal elements and effects in the use of predictive methods. These factors require validation and development, using Bayesian analysis and experimental measurements that confirm the quality and accuracy of the algorithms. The development and use of methods of dose accumulation and verification of doses delivered, considering movement and deformation, has led to the development of robotic prototypes for in-vivo dosimetry and evaluation of the movement, using LEGO. The development of neural networks, of epidemiological methods and Support Vector Machine have allowed extending, by means of a data-mining project, the methodologies in nationwide centers. Research shows the criticality of predictive methods proving the efficiency of neural networks and epidemiological models, for advance

Published
2016

17. DETERMINATION OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE PARAMETERS FROM LINEAR ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT MEASUREMENTS

Author

ROSSI, PIER LUCA, MASETTI, SIMONE, LANCONELLI, NICO, BIANCHINI, DAVID, CORAZZA, IVAN, LOMBI, ALESSANDRO, ZANNOLI, ROMANO, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, Romano Zannoli, Ivan Corazza, Rita Stagni, PIER LUCA ROSSI, SIMONE MASETTI, NICO LANCONELLI, DAVID BIANCHINI, IVAN CORAZZA, ALESSANDRO LOMBI, ROMANO ZANNOLI, and GIUSEPPE BALDAZZI

Subjects
classification, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Physics::Medical Physics, Multi-Energy X-ray Imaging, linear attenuation coefficient, Quantitative Biology::Cell Behavior
Abstract

The possibility to classify pathological tissues – for example tumor neo-angiogenesis pattern-, using new X-ray imaging technique (such as Quasi-Monochromatic Multi-Energy X-ray Imaging) is strictly related to an accurate knowledge of their X-ray absorption coefficients μ(E). Unfortunately, tissues μ(E) values are studied and known only for a little number of pathologies and are typically obtained via mathematical analysis, such as Monte Carlo simulations. So, an experimental study of the tissue attenuation properties was started in order to investigate, define and classify not only different organ tissues, but also parameters that probably exalt differences between normal and neoplastic tissues. In particular, X-ray attenuation curves of biological tissues are measured with an experimental setup based on a Bragg monochromator - to produce quasi monochromatic X-ray beams in the range 10-90 keV - and a CdTe detector to collect attenuated X-ray spectra. To investigate tissues characteristics, different analysis methods are implemented, starting from algorithms that can extract chemical-physical information from X-ray absorption easurements, such as effective atomic number and electron density. Our results are then compared with previously published values for normal (both experimental and theoretical) and carcinoma tissues, to test the potential usage of the X-ray characterization and classification between pathological and normal tissues.

Published
2014

18. The large area detector of LOFT: the Large Observatory for X-ray TimingSpace Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

Author

Tadayuki Takahashi, Jan Willem A. den Herder, Mark Bautz, S. Zane, D. Walton, T. Kennedy, M. Feroci, J. W. Den Herder, M. Ahangarianabhari, A. Argan, P. Azzarello, M. Barbera, D. Barret, G. Bertuccio, P. Bodin, E. Bozzo, L. Bradley, F. Cadoux, P. Cais, R. Campana, J. Coker, A. Cros, E. Del Monte, A. De Rosa, S. Di Cosimo, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Y. Favre, C. Feldman, G. Fraser, F. Fuschino, M. Grassi, M. R. Hailey, R. Hudec, C. Labanti, P. Malcovati, D. Macera, M. Marisaldi, A. Martindale, T. Mineo, F. Muleri, M. Nowak, M. Orlandini, L. Pacciani, E. Perinati, V. Petracek, M. Pohl, A. Rachevski, P. Smith, A. Santangelo, J. Y. Seyler, C. Schmid, P. Soffitta, S. Suchy, C. Tenzer, P. Uttley, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, J. Wilms, B. Winter, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, Tadayuki Takahashi, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Mark Bautz, S. Zane, D. Walton, T. Kennedy, M. Feroci, J.-W Den Herder, M. Ahangarianabhari, A. Argan, P. Azzarello, G. Baldazzi, M. Barbera, D. Barret, G. Bertuccio, P. Bodin, E. Bozzo, L. Bradley, F. Cadoux, P Cai, R. Campana, J. Coker, A. Cro, E. Del Monte, A. De Rosa, S. Di Cosimo, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Y. Favre, C. Feldman, G. Fraser, F. Fuschino, M. Grassi, M. R. Hailey, R. Hudec, C. Labanti, P. Malcovati, D. Macera, M. Marisaldi, A. Martindale, T. Mineo, F. Muleri, M. Nowak, M. Orlandini, L. Pacciani, E. Perinati, V. Petracek, M. Pohl, A. Rachevski, P. Smith, A. Santangelo, J.-Y. Seyler, C. Schmid, P. Soffitta, S. Suchy, C. Tenzer, P. Uttley, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, J. Wilm, and B. Winter

Subjects
SPACE MISSIONS, large area position-sensitive detector, x-rays, SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS
Abstract

LOFT (Large Observatory for X-ray Timing) is one of the five candidates that were considered by ESA as an M3 mission (with launch in 2022-2024) and has been studied during an extensive assessment phase. It is specifically designed to perform fast X-ray timing and probe the status of the matter near black holes and neutron stars. Its pointed instrument is the Large Area Detector (LAD), a 10 m2-class instrument operating in the 2-30keV range, which holds the capability to revolutionise studies of variability from X-ray sources on the millisecond time scales. The LAD instrument has now completed the assessment phase but was not down-selected for launch. However, during the assessment, most of the trade-offs have been closed leading to a robust and well documented design that will be reproposed in future ESA calls. In this talk, we will summarize the characteristics of the LAD design and give an overview of the expectations for the instrument capabilities. © (2014) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2014

20. SIS epidemiological model for adaptive RT: Forecasting the parotid glands shrinkage during tomotherapy treatment

Author

Maffei, Nicola, primary, Guidi, Gabriele, additional, Vecchi, Claudio, additional, Ciarmatori, Alberto, additional, Gottardi, Giovanni, additional, Meduri, Bruno, additional, D'Angelo, Elisa, additional, Bruni, Alessio, additional, Mazzeo, Ercole, additional, Pratissoli, Silvia, additional, Giacobazzi, Patrizia, additional, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, additional, Lohr, Frank, additional, and Costi, Tiziana, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
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21. A software tool for on field spectrometry of diagnostic X-ray beams2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC)

Author

Lucia Andreani, Claudio Labanti, Martino Marisaldi, Yuri Evangelista, M. Ahangarianabhari, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Piero Malcovati, Marco Grassi, Marco Feroci, Alexander Rashevsky, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Mirco Zuffa, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, FUSCHINO, FABIO, Lucia Andreani, Claudio Labanti, Fabio Fuschino, Martino Marisaldi, Yuri Evangelista, M. Ahangarianabhari, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Piero Malcovati, Marco Grassi, Marco Feroci, Alexander Rashevsky, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Mirco Zuffa, and Giuseppe Baldazzi

Subjects
XRAY, Dianostic xray beams
Abstract

Conventional radiology uses X-ray beams with polychromatic spectrum consisting of a bremsstrahlung continuous component - with an energy band known only by means of half value layer (HVL), filtration and kVp values - and fluorescence lines. However the knowledge of the spectrum is crucial to allow advanced improvements of the diagnostic imaging with the lowest dose administered to the patients. In order to overcome the difficulty to make direct spectrometry on the diagnostic beam, we developed a simulation software based on a parametric semi-empirical model, that is able to reconstruct the X-ray diagnostic spectrum from 10 keV to 140 keV. This software makes use of experimental parameters, which can be measured in real time by two different methods. In this paper the calibration of detection systems will be described and discussed. In addition, the experimental validation of the software will be illustrated.

Published
2013

22. LOFT: the Large Observatory For X-ray Timing

Author

M. Feroci, JW den Herder, JW Bozzo, E. Barret, D. Brandt, S. Hernanz, M. van der Klis, M. Pohl, M. Santangelo, A. Stella, L. Watts, A. Wilms, J. Zane, S. Ahangarianabhari, M. Alpar, A. Altamirano, D. Alvarez, L. Amati, L. Amoros, C. Andersson, N. Antonelli, A. Argan, A. Artigue R, Azzarello P, Balman, S. Barbera, M. Belloni, T. Bertuccio, G. Bianchi, S. Bianchini, A. Bodin, P. Bidaud, JMB Boutloukos, S. Braga, J. Brown, E. Bucciantini, N. Burderi, L. Bursa, M. Budtz Jorgensen, C. Cackett, E. Cadoux, FR Cais, P. Caliandro, GA Campana, R. Campana, S. Casella, P. Chakrabarty, D. Chenevez, J. Coker, J. Cole, R. Collura, A. Courvoisier, T. Cros, A. Cumming, A. Cusumano, G. D'Ai, A. D'Elia, V. Del Monte, E. De Martino, D. De Rosa, A. Di Cosimo, S. Diebold, S. Di Salvo, T. Donnarumma, I. Drago, A. Durant, M. Emmanoulopoulos, D. Evangelista, Y. Fabian, A. Falanga, M. Favre, Y. Feldman, C. Ferrigno, C. Finger, MH Fraser, GW Fuschino, F. Galloway, DK Sanchez, JLG Garcia Berro, E. Gendre, B. Gezari, S. Giles, AB Gilfanov, M. Giommi, P. Giovannini, G. Giroletti, M. Goldwurm, A. Gotz, D. Gouiffes, C. Grassi, M. Groot, P. Guidorzi, C. Haas, D. Hansen, F. Hartmann, DH Haswell, CA Heger, A. Homan, J. Hornstrup, A. Hudec, R. Huovelin, J. Ingram, A. in't Zand, JJM Isern, J. Israel, G. Izzo, L. Jonker, P. Kaaret, P. Karas, V. Karelin, D. Kataria, D. Keek, L. Kennedy, T. Klochkov, D. Kluzniak, W. Kokkotas, K. Korpela, S. Kouveliotou, C. Kreykenbohm, I. Kuiper, LM Kuvvetli, I. Labanti, C. Lai, D. Lamb, FK Lebrun, F. Lin, D. Linder, D. Lodato, G. Longo, F. Lund, N. Maccarone, TJ Macera, D. Maier, D. Malcovati, P. Mangano, V. Manousakis, A. Marisaldi, M. Markowitz, A. Martindale, A. Matt, G. McHardy, IM Melatos, A. Mendez, M. Migliari, S. Mignani, R. Miller, MC Miller, JM Mineo, T. Miniutti, G. Morsink, S. Motch, C. Motta, S. Mouchet, M. Muleri, F. Norton, AJ Nowak, M. O'Brien, P. Orienti, M. Orio, M. Orlandini, M. Orleanski, P. Osborne, JP Osten, R. Ozel, F. Pacciani, L. Papitto, A. Paul, B. Perinati, E. Petracek, V. Portell, J. Poutanen, J. Psaltis, D. Rambaud, D. Ramsay, G. Rapisarda, M. Rachevski, A. Ray, PS Rea, N. Reddy, S. Reig, P. Aranda, MR Remillard, R. Reynolds, C. Rodriuez Gil, P. Rodriguez, J. Romano, P. Rossi, EMR Ryde, F. Sabau Graziati, L. Sala, G. Salvaterra, R. Sanna, A. Schanne, S. Schee, J. Schmid, C. Schwenk, A. Schwope, AD Seyler, JY Shearer, A. Smith, DM Smith, PJ Sochora, V. Soffitta, P. Soleri, P. Stappers, B. Stelzer, B. Stergioulas, N. Stratta, G. Strohmayer, TE Stuchlik, Z. Suchy, S. Sulemainov, V. Takahashi, T. Tamburini, F. Tenzer, C. Tolos, L. Torok, G. Torrejon, JM Torres, DF Tramacere, A. Trois, A. Turriziani, S. Uter, P. Uttley, P. Vacchi, A. Varniere, P. Vaughan, S. Vercellone, S. Vrba, V. Walton, D. Watanabe, S. Wawrzaszek, R. Webb, N. Weinberg, N. Wende, H. Wheatley, P. Wijers, R. Wijnands, R. Wille, M. Wilson Hodge, CA Winter, B. Wood, K. Zampa, G. Zampa, N. Zampieri, L. Zdziarski, A. Zhang, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, FORMATION STELLAIRE 2012, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), PCAS, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Departamento de Biología Animal (Universidad de Granada), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), INAF-IASF Milano, Groupe d'Etudes des Matériaux Hétérogènes (GEMH), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Institute of Geology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Tadayuki Takahashi, Stephen S. Murray, Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Shiro Ueno, LOFT, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Feroci, M, den Herder, JW, Bozzo, E, Barret, D, Brandt, S, Hernanz, M, van der Klis, M, Pohl, M, Santangelo, A, Stella, L, Watts, A, Wilms, J, Zane, S, Ahangarianabhari, M, Alpar, A, Altamirano, D, Alvarez, L, Amati, L, Amoros, C, Andersson, N, Antonelli, A, Argan, A, Artigue, R, Azzarello, P, Baldazzi, G, Balman, S, Barbera, M, Belloni, T, Bertuccio, G, Bianchi, S, Bianchini, A, Bodin, P, Bonnet Bidaud, J-M, Boutloukos, S, Braga, J, Brown, E, Bucciantini, N, Burderi, L, Bursa, M, Budtz-Jørgensen, C, Cackett, E, Cadoux, F R, Cais, P, Caliandro, G A, Campana, R, Campana, S, Casella, P, Chakrabarty, D, Chenevez, J, Coker, J, Cole, R, Collura, A, Courvoisier, T, Cros, A, Cumming, A, Cusumano, G, D'Ai, A, D'Elia, V, Del Monte, E, de Martino, D, De Rosa, A, Di Cosimo, S, Diebold, S, Di Salvo, T, Donnarumma, I, Drago, A, Durant, M, Emmanoulopoulos, D, Evangelista, Y, Fabian, A, Falanga, M, Favre, Y, Feldman, C, Ferrigno, C, Finger, M H, Fraser, GW, Fuschino, F, Galloway, DK, Galvez Sanchez, JL, Garcia-Berro, E, Gendre, B, Gezari, S, Giles, AB, Gilfanov, M, Giommi, P, Giovannini, G, Giroletti, M, Goldwurm, A, Götz, D, Gouiffes, C, Grassi, M, Groot, P, Guidorzi, C, Haas, D, Hansen, F, Hartmann, D H, Haswell, C A, Heger, A, Homan, J, Hornstrup, A, Hudec, R, Huovelin, J, Ingram, A, In't Zand, J J M, Isern, J, Israel, G, Izzo, L, Jonker, P, Kaaret, P, Karas, V, Karelin, D, Kataria, D, Keek, L, Kennedy, T, Klochkov, D, Kluzniak, W, Kokkotas, K, Korpela, S, Kouveliotou, C, Kreykenbohm, I, Kuiper, L M, Kuvvetli, I, Labanti, C, Lai, D, Lamb, F K, Lebrun, F, Lin, D, Linder, D, Lodato, G, Longo, F, Lund, N, Maccarone, TJ, Macera, D, Maier, D, Malcovati, P, Mangano, V, Manousakis, A, Marisaldi, M, Markowitz, A, Martindale, A, Matt, G, McHardy, IM, Melatos, A, Mendez, M, Migliari, S, Mignani, R, Miller, M C, Miller, J M, Mineo, T, Miniutti, G, Morsink, S, Motch, C, Motta, S, Mouchet, M, Muleri, F, Norton, AJ, Nowak, M, O'Brien, P, Orienti, M, Orio, M, Orlandini, M, Orleanski, P, Osborne, J P, Osten, R, Ozel, F, Pacciani, L, Papitto, A, Paul, B, Perinati, E, Petracek, V, Portell, J, Poutanen, J, Psaltis, D, Rambaud, D, Ramsay, G, Rapisarda, M, Rachevski, A, Ray, P S, Rea, N, Reddy, S, Reig, P, Reina Aranda, M, Remillard, R, Reynolds, C, Rodríguez-Gil, P, Rodriguez, J, Romano, P, Rossi, E M R, Ryde, F, Sabau-Graziati, L, Sala, G, Salvaterra, R, Sanna, A, Schanne, S, Schee, J, Schmid, C, Schwenk, A, Schwope, A D, Seyler, J-Y, Shearer, A, Smith, A, Smith, D M, Smith, P J, Sochora, V, Soffitta, P, Soleri, P, Stappers, B, Steltzer, B, Stergioulas, N, Stratta, G, Strohmayer, T E, Stuchlik, Z, Suchy, S, Sulemainov, V, Takahashi, T, Tamburini, F, Tenzer, C, Tolos, L, Torok, G, Torrejon, J M, Torres, D F, Tramacere, A, Trois, A, Turriziani, S, Uter, P, Uttley, P, Vacchi, A, Varniere, P, Vaughan, S, Vercellone, S, Vrba, V, Walton, D, Watanabe, S, Wawrzaszek, R, Webb, N, Weinberg, N, Wende, H, Wheatley, P, Wijers, R, Wijnands, R, Wille, M, Wilson-Hodge, C A, Winter, B, Wood, K, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Zampieri, L, Zdziarski, A, Zhang, B, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Feroci, M., den Herder, J. W., Bozzo, E., Barret, D., Brandt, S., Hernanz, M., van der Klis, M., Pohl, M., Santangelo, A., Stella, L., Watts, A., Wilms, J., Zane, S., Ahangarianabhari, M., Alpar, A., Altamirano, D., Alvarez, L., Amati, L., Amoros, C., Andersson, N., Antonelli, A., Argan, A., Artigue, R., Azzarello, P., Baldazzi, G., Balman, S., Barbera, M., Belloni, T., Bertuccio, G., Bianchi, S., Bianchini, A., Bodin, P., Bonnet Bidaud, J. M., Boutloukos, S., Braga, J., Brown, E., Bucciantini, N., Burderi, L., Bursa, M., Budtz Jørgensen, C., Cackett, E., Cadoux, F. R., Cais, P., Caliandro, G. A., Campana, R., Campana, S., Casella, P., Chakrabarty, D., Chenevez, J., Coker, J., Cole, R., Collura, A., Courvoisier, T., Cros, A., Cumming, A., Cusumano, G., D'Ai, A., D'Elia, V., Del Monte, E., de Martino, D., De Rosa, A., Di Cosimo, S., Diebold, S., Di Salvo, T., Donnarumma, I., Drago, A., Durant, M., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Evangelista, Y., Fabian, A., Falanga, M., Favre, Y., Feldman, C., Ferrigno, C., Finger, M. H., Fraser, G. W., Fuschino, F., Galloway, D. K., Galvez Sanchez, J. L., Garcia Berro, E., Gendre, B., Gezari, S., Giles, A. B., Gilfanov, M., Giommi, P., Giovannini, G., Giroletti, M., Goldwurm, A., Götz, D., Gouiffes, C., Grassi, M., Groot, P., Guidorzi, C., Haas, D., Hansen, F., Hartmann, D. H., Haswell, C. A., Heger, A., Homan, J., Hornstrup, A., Hudec, R., Huovelin, J., Ingram, A., In't Zand, J. J. M., Isern, J., Israel, G., Izzo, L., Jonker, P., Kaaret, P., Karas, V., Karelin, D., Kataria, D., Keek, L., Kennedy, T., Klochkov, D., Kluzniak, W., Kokkotas, K., Korpela, S., Kouveliotou, C., Kreykenbohm, I., Kuiper, L. M., Kuvvetli, I., Labanti, C., Lai, D., Lamb, F. K., Lebrun, F., Lin, D., Linder, D., Lodato, G., Longo, Francesco, Lund, N., Maccarone, T. J., Macera, D., Maier, D., Malcovati, P., Mangano, V., Manousakis, A., Marisaldi, M., Markowitz, A., Martindale, A., Matt, G., Mchardy, I. M., Melatos, A., Mendez, M., Migliari, S., Mignani, R., Miller, M. C., Miller, J. M., Mineo, T., Miniutti, G., Morsink, S., Motch, C., Motta, S., Mouchet, M., Muleri, F., Norton, A. J., Nowak, M., O'Brien, P., Orienti, M., Orio, M., Orlandini, M., Orleanski, P., Osborne, J. P., Osten, R., Ozel, F., Pacciani, L., Papitto, A., Paul, B., Perinati, E., Petracek, V., Portell, J., Poutanen, J., Psaltis, D., Rambaud, D., Ramsay, G., Rapisarda, M., Rachevski, A., Ray, P. S., Rea, N., Reddy, S., Reig, P., Reina Aranda, M., Remillard, R., Reynolds, C., Rodríguez Gil, P., Rodriguez, J., Romano, P., Rossi, E. M. R., Ryde, F., Sabau Graziati, L., Sala, G., Salvaterra, R., Sanna, A., Schanne, S., Schee, J., Schmid, C., Schwenk, A., Schwope, A. D., Seyler, J. Y., Shearer, A., Smith, A., Smith, D. M., Smith, P. J., Sochora, V., Soffitta, P., Soleri, P., Stappers, B., Steltzer, B., Stergioulas, N., Stratta, G., Strohmayer, T. E., Stuchlik, Z., Suchy, S., Sulemainov, V., Takahashi, T., Tamburini, F., Tenzer, C., Tolos, L., Torok, G., Torrejon, J. M., Torres, D. F., Tramacere, A., Trois, A., Turriziani, S., Uter, P., Uttley, P., Vacchi, A., Varniere, P., Vaughan, S., Vercellone, S., Vrba, V., Walton, D., Watanabe, S., Wawrzaszek, R., Webb, N., Weinberg, N., Wende, H., Wheatley, P., Wijers, R., Wijnands, R., Wille, M., Wilson Hodge, C. A., Winter, B., Wood, K., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zampieri, L., Zdziarski, A., Zhang, B., Astronomy, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman - UMR 8516 (LASIR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA, M Feroci, JW den Herder, JW Bozzo, E Barret, D Brandt, S Hernanz, M van der Kli, M Pohl, M Santangelo, A Stella, L Watt, A Wilm, J Zane, S Ahangarianabhari, M Alpar, A Altamirano, D Alvarez, L Amati, L Amoro, C Andersson, N Antonelli, A Argan, A Artigue R, Azzarello P, G Baldazzi, Balman, S Barbera, M Belloni, T Bertuccio, G Bianchi, S Bianchini, A Bodin, P Bidaud, JMB Boutlouko, S Braga, J Brown, E Bucciantini, N Burderi, L Bursa, M Budtz-Jorgensen, C Cackett, E Cadoux, FR Cai, P Caliandro, GA Campana, R Campana, S Casella, P Chakrabarty, D Chenevez, J Coker, J Cole, R Collura, A Courvoisier, T Cro, A Cumming, A Cusumano, G D'Ai, A D'Elia, V Del Monte, E De Martino, D De Rosa, A Di Cosimo, S Diebold, S Di Salvo, T Donnarumma, I Drago, A Durant, M Emmanoulopoulo, D Evangelista, Y Fabian, A Falanga, M Favre, Y Feldman, C Ferrigno, C Finger, MH Fraser, GW Fuschino, F Galloway, DK Sanchez, JLG Garcia-Berro, E Gendre, B Gezari, S Gile, AB Gilfanov, M Giommi, P Giovannini, G Giroletti, M Goldwurm, A Gotz, D Gouiffe, C Grassi, M Groot, P Guidorzi, C Haa, D Hansen, F Hartmann, DH Haswell, CA Heger, A Homan, J Hornstrup, A Hudec, R Huovelin, J Ingram, A in't Zand, JJM Isern, J Israel, G Izzo, L Jonker, P Kaaret, P Kara, V Karelin, D Kataria, D Keek, L Kennedy, T Klochkov, D Kluzniak, W Kokkota, K Korpela, S Kouveliotou, C Kreykenbohm, I Kuiper, LM Kuvvetli, I Labanti, C Lai, D Lamb, FK Lebrun, F Lin, D Linder, D Lodato, G Longo, F Lund, N Maccarone, TJ Macera, D Maier, D Malcovati, P Mangano, V Manousaki, A Marisaldi, M Markowitz, A Martindale, A Matt, G McHardy, IM Melato, A Mendez, M Migliari, S Mignani, R Miller, MC Miller, JM Mineo, T Miniutti, G Morsink, S Motch, C Motta, S Mouchet, M Muleri, F Norton, AJ Nowak, M O'Brien, P Orienti, M Orio, M Orlandini, M Orleanski, P Osborne, JP Osten, R Ozel, F Pacciani, L Papitto, A Paul, B Perinati, E Petracek, V Portell, J Poutanen, J Psalti, D Rambaud, D Ramsay, G Rapisarda, M Rachevski, A Ray, PS Rea, N Reddy, S Reig, P Aranda, MR Remillard, R Reynold, C Rodriuez-Gil, P Rodriguez, J Romano, P Rossi, EMR Ryde, F Sabau-Graziati, L Sala, G Salvaterra, R Sanna, A Schanne, S Schee, J Schmid, C Schwenk, A Schwope, AD Seyler, JY Shearer, A Smith, DM Smith, PJ Sochora, V Soffitta, P Soleri, P Stapper, B Stelzer, B Stergioula, N Stratta, G Strohmayer, TE Stuchlik, Z Suchy, S Sulemainov, V Takahashi, T Tamburini, F Tenzer, C Tolo, L Torok, G Torrejon, JM Torre, DF Tramacere, A Troi, A Turriziani, S Uter, P Uttley, P Vacchi, A Varniere, P Vaughan, S Vercellone, S Vrba, V Walton, D Watanabe, S Wawrzaszek, R Webb, N Weinberg, N Wende, H Wheatley, P Wijer, R Wijnand, R Wille, M Wilson-Hodge, CA Winter, B Wood, K Zampa, G Zampa, N Zampieri, L Zdziarski, A Zhang, Pohl, Martin, Cadoux, Franck, and Favre, Yannick

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Vision, X-ray timing, Astronomy, SPIE Proceedings, Observatories, X-ray timing, X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray imaging, compact objects, Silicon Drift Chambers, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, X-ray missions, Space (mathematics), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, X-rays, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Instrumentation (computer programming), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Aerospace engineering, Diagnostics, Compact objects, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Spatial resolution, sezele, Sensors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, X-ray imaging, Silicon Drift Chamber, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Condensed Matter Physics, X-ray spectroscopy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

The LOFT mission concept is one of four candidates selected by ESA for the M3 launch opportunity as Medium Size missions of the Cosmic Vision programme. The launch window is currently planned for between 2022 and 2024. LOFT is designed to exploit the diagnostics of rapid X-ray flux and spectral variability that directly probe the motion of matter down to distances very close to black holes and neutron stars, as well as the physical state of ultra-dense matter. These primary science goals will be addressed by a payload composed of a Large Area Detector (LAD) and a Wide Field Monitor (WFM). The LAD is a collimated (, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 8443, Paper No. 8443-85, 2012

Published
2012

23. Research topics of Giuseppe Baldazzi

Author

Baldazzi, Giuseppe

Subjects
FIS/07 Fisica applicata (a beni culturali, ambientali, biologia e medicina), Position-Sensitive Photomultiplier X and gamma radiation Detectors Linear Absorption Coefficient Multi-Energy monochromatic beams Radiology Scintillation Detectors Quasi-monochromatic X-rays Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) Patient Dosimetry X-ray Spectrometry
Published
2012

26. Reconstruction of Compton Camera Images

Author

C. L. Fontana, A. Battistella, M. Bello, M. Galli, G. Moschini, N. Uzunov, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, P. Rossi, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, C. L. Fontana, G. Baldazzi, A. Battistella, M. Bello, D. Bollini, M. Galli, G. Moschini, N. Uzunov, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, and P. Rossi

Subjects
COMPTON CAMERA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Medical Physics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION
Abstract

The necessity of studying the targeting capability of pharmaceuticals in oncology brought to the development of different imaging techniques. Some examples are Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), which involve the detection of gamma-rays emitted from radio-isotope markers.

Published
2011

28. Tomographic Back-Projection Algorithm for 'Incomplete' Compton X-rays Detectors

Author

Cristiano Lino Fontana, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Marcello Galli, Giuliano Moschini, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, Paolo Rossi, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, COPYRIGHT © 2011 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, MCDANIEL, FLOYD D. DOYLE, BARNEY L., Cristiano Lino Fontana, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Andrea Battistella, Michele Bello, Dante Bollini, Marcello Galli, Giuliano Moschini, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Zampa, and Paolo Rossi

Subjects
COMPTON CAMERA, SMALL ANIMALS SPET, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, MOLECULAR IMAGING, ISOTOPE MARKERS, GAMMA DETECTORS
Abstract

A "Compton" detector finds the direction of an X-ray by letting it interact with a gaseous, liquid or thin solid material (Tracker) and employing no collimators. This paper takes into account the case of an "incomplete" solid Tracker where the recoiling electron travels only a few dozen microns and cannot be followed. However, impact positions and incoming and outgoing energies are measured. In this situation, exploiting the Compton Scattering formula, one is only able to identify a cone whose surface the X-ray belongs to. On the other hand, Compton tomography luckily requires only a few views (for example rotating the apparatus in just four positions around the subject), as the "electronic collimation" that takes place in each position already extracts X-rays coming from many directions. A back-projection algorithm that combines the reconstructed "cones" in space, weighed according to the Klein-Nishina formula, has been applied to the special case of small animal SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Here the source is close to the detector, every imaged point in space is calculated from many rays that are emitted at different angles, and the algorithm totally differs from that of the Compton imaging in Astronomy. Tomography reconstruction has been validated by employing simulated data, generated using GEANT4 that includes the Doppler Broadening in the energies of scattered photons, which is due to moving non-free electrons. Space resolution has been assessed.

Published
2010

29. A Compton Gamma Rays Detector for Small-Animals Imaging

Author

P. Rossi, A. Battistella, M. Bello, V. Bonvicini, C. L. Fontana, G. Gennaro, G. Moschini, A. Rashevsky, N. Uzunov, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, A. Vacchi, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, NAVARRIA, FRANCESCO LUIGI, P. Rossi, G. Baldazzi, A. Battistella, M. Bello, D. Bollini, V. Bonvicini, C. L. Fontana, G. Gennaro, G. Moschini, F. Navarria, A. Rashevsky, N. Uzunov, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, and A. Vacchi

Subjects
COMPTON CAMERA, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma-ray imaging
Abstract

The bio-distribution and targeting capability of pharmaceuticals may be assessed in small animals by imaging gamma-rays emitted from radio-isotope markers. Detectors based on the Compton concept allow higher gamma-ray efficiency compared to conventional gamma cameras which employ collimators, and feature millimeter spatial resolution and compact geometry. We are developing a Compton camera that has to address some requirements: the high rates typical of the Compton concept; detection of gamma-rays of different energies that may range from 140kev ( 99m Tc) to 511 kev (+ emitters); presence of gamma and beta radiation with energies up to 2 Mev in case of 188 Re. The camera consists of a thin position-sensitive Tracker that scatters the gamma ray (based on the Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) developed for the LHC-Alice exp.), and a second position-sensitive detection system, to completely absorb the energy of the scattered photons (Calorimeter). Application to higher energy gamma radiation (usually up to 511 kev gammas coming from + emitters) has to be taken into account as well, and calorimeter thickness has to be sized accordingly. This paper is mainly concerned with the design and performance tests of the calorimetric tract of a CC prototype (a module 50x50 mm^2) being developed by this collaboration. Tests have been carried out at the Laboratory for Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging (LRIM) situated by the LNL site, which is authorized to deal with radio-isotopes in liquid solution and small animals testing.

Published
2010

30. High resolution X-ray Timing from a LOFT

Author

T. Belloni I. Donnarumma, R. Campana, L. Stella, G. L. Israel, M. Feroci, L. Zampieri S. Campana, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, C. Labanti, F. Muleri, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, P. Attinà, G. Bertuccio, V. Bonvicini, E. Bozzo, L. Burderi, A. Corongiu, S. Covino, S. Dall’Osso, D. De Mar, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, T. Belloni I. Donnarumma, R. Campana, L. Stella, G. L. Israel, M. Feroci and L. Zampieri S. Campana, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, C. Labanti, F. Muleri, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, P. Attinà, G. Baldazzi, G. Bertuccio, V. Bonvicini, E. Bozzo, L. Burderi, A. Corongiu, S. Covino, S. Dall’Osso, and D. De Mar

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, SPACE MISSIONS, SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS, X-RAY IMAGING, TIME RESOLUTION
Abstract

LOFT (Large area Observatory For X-ray Timing) is an innovative mission concept for a next generation of X-ray timing experiments. Recent developments in the field of Silicon detectors allow to design a realistic observatory devoted to X-ray timing studies with an effective area around 13 m2, in the energy range 2–30 keV. In this paper we present the mission concept together with the key properties of the detectors, as demonstrated in our laboratory, including an energy resolution better than 500 eV at room temperature. The overall power and weight budgets fit to a standard mission design. Such an exceedingly large area (>20 times RXTE/PCA), with a time resolution better than 10 µs, will allow unprecedently fast and accurate time variability studies related to accreting compact objects (e.g. fast coherent pulsations and QPOs). We describe here the scientific performance of a timing observatory in the 10 m2 class for open problems in fundamental physics, such as strong gravity effects, the measurement of the mass of black holes and neutron stars, the equation of state of ultradense matter. Finally, we present the results of simulated LOFT observations.

Published
2010

31. Spatial Resolution Performance Tests of a Multiple-Wavelength NIR Light Transmission Scanner

Author

N. M. Uzunov, M. Bello, G. Moschini, P. Rossi, R. Pani, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, N.M. Uzunov, M. Bello, G. Baldazzi, G. Moschini, P. Rossi, and R. Pani

Subjects
SPATIAL RESOLUTION, NIR transmission spectrometry
Abstract

In our previous publication we have shown some preliminary results and images obtained using a multiple- wavelength NIR scanning device designed in the Laboratory for Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging (LRIM) at the National Laboratories of Legnaro, INFN. The device described there has been designed for simple straight-line scanning of the NIR light transmitted through the scanned object. In this article we present the test results from our conceptually new NIR scanning device realized for small- object and tissue imaging in XY plane.

Published
2010

32. A YAP Tomographic Camera for Small-Animals Imaging

Author

BOLLINI, DANTE, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, LO MEO, SERGIO, NAVARRIA, FRANCESCO LUIGI, PERROTTA, ANDREA, A. Battistella, M. Bello, C. L. Fontana, G. Moschini, N. Uzunov, P. Rossi, D. Bollini, G. Baldazzi, A. Battistella, M. Bello, C. L. Fontana, S. Lo Meo, G. Moschini, F. Navarria, A. Perrotta, N. Uzunov, and P. Rossi

Subjects
GAMMA CAMERA, YAP SCINTILLATOR, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Abstract

In a previous experiment we have set up a small gamma camera based on YAP:Ce crystals to monitor the effect of metabolic radiotherapy in mice. Assembling and tests have been carried out at the Laboratory for Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging (LRIM), situated by the LNL site, which is authorized to deal with radio-isotopes in liquid solution and small animals testing. The camera features a matrix of tiny YAP pixels (each 0.5x0.5x10 mm 3 ), coupled to a 3 diameter R2486 Hamamatsu Position Sensitive PMT (50 mm sensitive diameter). The intrinsic resolution of the camera is better than 1 mm. Subsequently we have developed a fully tomographic system to properly inspect the mices tiny organs. This system and its performance is what we mainly describe in this paper.

Published
2010

33. Development of an X-ray spectrometric system and feasibility tests of Silicon Drift Detector for medical and space applications

Author

Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Andreani, Lucia <1978>, Baldazzi, Giuseppe, and Andreani, Lucia <1978>

Abstract

The thesis work concerns X-ray spectrometry for both medical and space applications and is divided into two sections. The first section addresses an X-ray spectrometric system designed to study radiological beams and is devoted to the optimization of diagnostic procedures in medicine. A parametric semi-empirical model capable of efficiently reconstructing diagnostic X-ray spectra in 'middle power' computers was developed and tested. In addition, different silicon diode detectors were tested as real-time detectors in order to provide a real-time evaluation of the spectrum during diagnostic procedures. This project contributes to the field by presenting an improved simulation of a realistic X-ray beam emerging from a common X-ray tube with a complete and detailed spectrum that lends itself to further studies of added filtration, thus providing an optimized beam for different diagnostic applications in medicine. The second section describes the preliminary tests that have been carried out on the first version of an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), integrated with large area position-sensitive Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) to be used on board future space missions. This technology has been developed for the ESA project: LOFT (Large Observatory for X-ray Timing), a new medium-class space mission that the European Space Agency has been assessing since February of 2011. The LOFT project was proposed as part of the Cosmic Vision Program (2015-2025).

Published
2014

34. An experimental apparatus for analyzing the physical properties of biological tissues

Author

TURCO, ALESSANDRO, BIANCHINI, DAVID, ROMA, LAURA, ROSSI, PIER LUCA, LANCONELLI, NICO, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, A. Margotti, M. Bello, N. M. Uzunov, INSTITUTE OF ACCELERATING SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS (IASA) AND THE NATIONAL & KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS, A. Turco, D. Bianchini, L. Roma, P.L. Rossi, N. Lanconelli, G. Baldazzi, A. Margotti, M. Bello, and N.M.Uzunov

Subjects
X-RAY ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT, BIOLOGICAL TISSUES, MULTI-ENERGY RADIOLOGY, X-RAY IMAGING
Abstract

The studies of X-ray attenuation of biological tissues are connected to the possibility of visualizing pathological tissues using new X-ray imaging techniques such as Multi-Energy subtraction X-ray Imaging. In fact the ability to distinguish pathological tissues is strictly related to an accurate knowledge of the X-ray absorption coefficients. A study of the attenuation properties of tissues was started at the University of Bologna in a facility based on a Bragg monochromator. The target of the Bragg monochromator is a LiF crystal able to produce monochromatic beams in a range of energies from 10 keV to 60 keV and with an energy resolution less than 2.0 keV. The absorption data are acquired by a CdTe detector. The energy resolution deterioration caused by the tailing effect at high energies is studied by a comparison with an HPGe detector. We implemented different algorithms for extracting chemical-physical information from X-ray absorption measurements, such as effective atomic number and electron density. The aim of this work is to present an instrumentation dedicated to the measure of the absorption coefficient of materials, in particular biological samples. An important feature of this apparatus is the possibility of selecting the energy of interest with high precision and repeatability. In addition, a study of the energy resolution of CdTe detector is reported, with a comparison with the energy resolution obtained with an HPGe detector for all the analyzed energy ranges. This study also analyzes the error propagation on the absorption curves, and evaluates the error introduced by the intrinsic characteristic of the detector used.

Published
2009

35. Guidance and Motion Control of Three-Degree-of-Freedom Manipulator Driven by a Tilting Collimator Scintillation

Author

N. M. Uzunov, M. Bello, G. Moschini, R. Pani, U. Mazzi, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, N.M. Uzunov, M. Bello, G. Moschini, G. Baldazzi, D. Bollini, R. Pani, and U. Mazzi

Subjects
GAMMA CAMERA, BIOMEDICAL MANIPULATOR, LINEAR ACTUATOR
Abstract

In our previous publications we have already discussed a possible use of a computer-guided manipulator for biomedical applications based on our patented method to determining the camera-to-object distance using the so-called tilting collima- tor (TC) technique. Tests about the accuracy of the object localization and the TC camera spatial resolution have already been conducted. A manipulator for simple mechani- cal operations has already been constructed in the Laboratory for Radiopharmaceuticals and Biomolecular Imaging (LRBI) of the LNL. It is coupled to a TC scintillation camera and it has been designed as a three-segmented arm consisting of three mutually perpendicular linear actuators. The system thus ensures three degrees of freedom motion of the manipulator pointer in a volume of 10x10x10cm 3 in the imaged object ? eld (under the camera). In this article we present the methods for guidance and motion control of the manipulator coupled with the TC scintillation camera.

Published
2009

36. Design and Realization of Multiple-Wavelength Contact NIR Transmission Scanner

Author

N. M. Uzunov, M. Bello, G. Moschini, A. Rosato, R. Pani, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, N.M. Uzunov, M. Bello, G. Baldazzi, G. Moschini, A. Rosato, and R. Pani

Subjects
NIR SPECTROMETRY
Abstract

We plan to combine the tilted-collimator (TC) technique enabling a precise three-dimensional determination of the object position using a high-resolution gamma-ray camera with other imaging technique such as near-infrared (NIR) scanning. The advantage of such a combination would facilitate the application of multimodality imaging to small-sized biological objects. In this aspect a combination of NIR scanning and gamma-ray imaging using a TC-YAP camera could be a useful approach for in-vivo studies of the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals, for tumor localization in small animals, etc. A multiple-wavelength NIR scanning device has already been accomplished in the Laboratory for Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging (LRIM, the former PET Laboratory) at the National Laboratories of Legnaro, INFN. It has been designed for near-object scanning of the NIR light transmitted through the scanned object that is emitted by a set of ? ve light emitting diodes (LED) with different wavelengths. The process of scanning is realized by a consecutive positioning of an array of NIR detectors (sliding very close to the scanned object) in steps and reading the detector signals at the corresponding positions. Thus, after scanning a set of ? ve images is obtained. The latter allows conducting a multivariate image analysis (MIA) in order to observe small differences in the optical properties of the objects analyzed. In this article we present some preliminary results from the test measurements conducted with this scanner.

Published
2009

37. The X-Ray Spectroscopic Performance of a Very Large Area Silicon Drift Detector

Author

G. Zampa, R. Campana, M. Feroci, A. Vacchi, V. Bonvicini, E. Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, F. Fuschino, C. Labanti, M. Marisaldi, F. Muleri, L. Pacciani, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, N. Zampa, E. Costa, I. Donnarumma, M. Grassi, F. Lazzarotto, P. Malcovati, M. Mastropietro, E. Morelli, L. Picolli, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, G. Zampa, R. Campana, M. Feroci, A. Vacchi, V. Bonvicini, E. Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, F. Fuschino, C. Labanti, M. Marisaldi, F. Muleri, L. Pacciani, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, N. Zampa, G. Baldazzi, E. Costa, I. Donnarumma, M. Grassi, F. Lazzarotto, P. Malcovati, M. Mastropietro, E. Morelli, and L. Picolli

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon drift detector, Silicon, Square Centimeter, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, X-ray detector, chemistry.chemical_element, X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY, ROOM TEMPERATURE, Noise (electronics), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Square Millimeter, business, Spectroscopy, SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS
Abstract

Silicon drift detectors (SDDs), due to their collection electrode geometry, have excellent noise performance and are well suited for low-energy X-ray spectroscopy applications. On the other hand these detectors, when dedicated to low energy X-ray spectroscopy, have a small sensitive area (from few square millimeters up to one square centimeter) to reduce the leakage current and its impact on the energy resolution. Because of this limitation they are rarely used in applications where large sensitive surfaces are required. We present the characterization of the spectroscopic performance of a very large sensitive area SDD (about 53 cm2) that has been realized in the frame of the LHC-ALICE experiment. We studied the energy resolution of the detector analyzing its dependence on both biasing conditions and temperature to evaluate the contribution of the different noise sources exploiting their relation with the shaping time. The experimental results obtained with 241 Am and 55 Fe sources show that the goal of a high energy resolution combined with large sensitive areas can be achieved.

Published
2009

38. Positioning Accuracy and Precision of a Tree Degrees of Freedom Manipulator Guided by Tilting-Collimator Scintillation Camera

Author

N. M. Uzunov, M. Bello, G. Moschini, BOLLINI, DANTE, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, N. M. Uzunov, M. Bello, G. Moschini, D. Bollini, and G. Baldazzi

Subjects
TILTING COLLIMATOR, GAMMA-RAY CAMERA
Abstract

In our previous studies we have considered a possible use of a manipulator for biomedical applications guided by the so-called tilting-collimator (TC) scintillation gamma-ray camera. The imaged gamma-ray emitting object is localized exploiting our patented method to determine the camera-to-object distance using a TC camera (patent No RM 2006 A 000216, UIBM Roma). Thus the three coordinates of the object are obtained without moving either the camera or the object.

Published
2008

39. Radioactive hot-spot localization in biological tissues by high-spatial-resolution scintillation camera

Author

BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, M. Bello, P. Boccaccio, U. Mazzi, G. Moschini, A. Rosato, G. Baldazzi, M. Bello, P. Boccaccio, D. Bollini, U. Mazzi, G. Moschini, and A. Rosato

Subjects
BIOLOGICAL TISSUES, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS, TUMORS LOCALçIZATION
Abstract

In the framework of the SCINTIRAD Project, Research & Development activity has been focused on the design and test of high-spatial-resolution planar scintillation cameras as gamma-ray imaging detectors. To get additional information from such planar detectors (i.e. to get information on the z-coordinate of the gamma-radiation emitter), a method to measure the detector-to-object distance has been presented [2,3]. In this work the results of radioactive hot-spot localization tests and possible biomedical applications are presented.

Published
2008

40. Geant4 Simulation for Modelling the Optics of LaBr3(Ce)Scintillation Imagers

Author

LO MEO, SERGIO, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, LANCONELLI, NICO, NAVARRIA, FRANCESCO LUIGI, P. Bennati, D. Bollini, V. O. Cencelli, M. N. Cinti, G. Moschini, R. Pani, R. Pellegrini, A. Perrotta, F. Vittorini, S. Lo Meo, G. Baldazzi, P. Bennati, D. Bollini, V. O. Cencelli, M. N. Cinti, N. Lanconelli, G. Moschini, F. L. Navarria, R. Pani, R. Pellegrini, A. Perrotta, and F. Vittorini

Subjects
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (SPET), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, MONTE CARLO METHODS, LABR3:CE
Abstract

The recent development of the LaBr3(Ce) crystals makes very attractive their application as a system of gamma imaging for SPET applications mainly due to their excellent scintillation properties. In this work, we use Monte Carlo simulations, in order to model the optical behavior of three continuous crystal configurations. Our goal is a better understanding of the intrinsic properties of a gamma camera based on LaBr3(Ce) crystals, coupled to a position sensitive photomultiplier tube. To this aim, the spatial and energy resolutions obtainable from optimum photodetection conditions are investigated.

Published
2008

41. Scintillation camera control of a computer-guided manipulator for biomedical applications

Author

BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, M. Bello, P. Boccaccio, G. Moschini, N. M. Uzunov, G. Baldazzi, M. Bello, P. Boccaccio, D. Bollini, G. Moschini, and N. M. Uzunov

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

In our previous studies we have presented a method to measure the detector-to-object distance using a tiltedcollimator (TC) technique. It exploits the shift of the imaged object in the image plane, obtained for tilted positions of a parallel-hole lead collimator. In this work we present the design and first test results of an instrument, which combines the localization of a small-size gamma-ray source with computer-guided precise object manipulation.

Published
2007

42. Tecniche 'multi-energy' e nuove frontiere in radiologia diagnostica

Author

BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BARBARA ALZANI E CHIARA BIANCHI EDIZIONE ELETTRONICA A CURA DI MARCO BELLACOSA, Baldazzi G., and BARBARA ALZANI, CHIARA BIANCHI

Subjects
MULTI-ENERGY QUASI-MONOCHROMATIC TOMOGRAPHY, NUOVE TECNOLOGIE RADIOLOGICHE
Abstract

Relazione su Invito: Nuove tecniche radiologiche sono allo studio con l’obiettivo di evidenziare precocemente patologie tumorali e angiologiche mediante imaging in bande di energia. Tale metodica è nota come Multi-Energy Radiology. Essa viene perseguita con differenti tecnologie: utilizzando due fasci di diversa qualità oppure due o tre fasci quasi-monocromatici o sviluppando sistemi di rivelazione capaci di operare in due distinte bande di energia presenti nel fascio policromatico. Saranno trattate, in sintesi, le diverse tecniche multi-energy e le loro possibili applicazioni nel campo della diagnostica clinica e della ricerca, in settori che vanno dalla crescita e metastasi tumorale allo studio di radiofarmaci intelligenti.

Published
2007

43. THE SCINTIRAD PROJECT - DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR DETECTORS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS FOR IMAGING AND THERAPY IN ONCOLOGY

Author

G. Moschini, P. Boccaccio, M. Laveder, P. Rossi, N. Uzunov, M. Bello, F. L. Navarria, A. Perrotta, M. Zuffa, F. de Notaristefani, V. Orsolini Cencelli, R. Pani, R. Pellegrini, M. Mattioli, M. N. Cinti, P. Bennati, M. Betti, V. Casali, R. Scafè, C. Tanzarella, A. Antoccia, U. Mazzi, L. Melendez Alafort, A. Nadali, E. Zangoni, G. P. Giron, M. C. Giron, C. Ori, D. Bernardini, A. Zotti, G. Gerardi, H. Poser, A. Rosato, A. Banzato, G. Sotti, D. Casara, BOLLINI, DANTE, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, G. Moschini, P. Boccaccio, M. Laveder, P. Rossi, N. Uzunov, M. Bello, D. Bollini, F.L. Navarria, G. Baldazzi, A. Perrotta, M. Zuffa, F. de Notaristefani, V. Orsolini Cencelli, R. Pani, R. Pellegrini, M. Mattioli, M.N. Cinti, P. Bennati, M. Betti, V. Casali, R. Scafè, C. Tanzarella, A. Antoccia, U. Mazzi, L. Melendez-Alafort, A. Nadali, E. Zangoni, G.P. Giron, M.C. Giron, C. Ori, D. Bernardini, A. Zotti, G. Gerardi, H. Poser, A. Rosato, A. Banzato, G. Sotti, and D. Casara

Abstract

Scintirad is an interdisciplinary research program that studies novel translational radiopharmaceuticals for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Scintirad employs methods of the Nuclear Medicine applied to small animals and develops new instrumentation for high resolution imaging. The first part of this report describes research programs, results and future plans, while the second part, entitled “who we are”, offers an overview of the role of involved teams and facilities.

Published
2007

44. Characterization of a high-resolution CT scanner prototype for small animals

Author

D. Panetta, N. Belcari, C. Carpentieri, E. Cicalini, A. DelGuerra, J. Fogli, M. Quattrocchi, V. Rosso, A. Stefanini, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, D. Panetta, N. Belcari, G. Baldazzi, C. Carpentieri, E. Cicalini, A. DelGuerra, J. Fogli, M. Quattrocchi, V. Rosso, and A. Stefanini

Subjects
SMALL ANIMALS TOMOGRAPHY, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Abstract

Computed Tomography (CT) gives 3-D morpho logical images of the object under test. Anatomica information from CT can be used to compensate the limits of radionuclide imaging techniques. First of al it can help in physically localizing the uptake site within the body of the animal, thus allowing the ana tomical identification of the site. The CT scan also helps in performing more accurate radionuclide quan tification studies. These are usually performed by selecting a region-of-interest on the SPECT (or PET image: the higher spatial resolution of the CT allow more precise determination of the boundary of the ROI, and therefore of the number of counts within the ROI.

Published
2007

45. Evaluating the spatial characteristics of a tilted-collimator scintillation camera

Author

BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, M. Bello, P. Boccaccio, G. Moschini, N. M. Uzunov, G. Baldazzi, M. Bello, P. Boccaccio, D. Bollini, G. Moschini, and N. M. Uzunov

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Medical Physics
Abstract

In PET Laboratory at the National Laboratories of Legnaro, INFN, we are exploiting a recently developed gamma-ray imaging camera using tilted-collimator (TC) technique. The parallel-hole lead collimator of the camera can be tilted at small angles around an axis parallel to the scintillator plane, thus enabling to determine the distance of imaged objects. However, in order to allow sizeable tilt angles, the collimator-to-scintillator distance has been increased to 8mm. Moreover, when the collimator is tilted at a certain angle the distance between the collimator and the scintillator varies throughout the whole field of view (FOV). These conditions may affect the spatial resolution of the imaging camera. It is important to know how much the collimator-to-scintillator distance and the tilt angle influence the spatial characteristics of the TC camera throughout the whole FOV. In this work the results of the spatial resolution measurements for the TC Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (YAP) scintillation camera are presented.

Published
2007

46. Spatial resolution of a position-sensitive imaging camera for small-animal imaging with 188Re

Author

N. M. Uzunov, M. Bello, P. Boccaccio, G. Moschini, BOLLINI, DANTE, PERROTTA, ANDREA, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, NAVARRIA, FRANCESCO LUIGI, N. M. Uzunov, M. Bello, P. Boccaccio, G. Moschini, D. Bollini, A. Perrotta, G. Baldazzi, and F. Navarria

Subjects
SCINTILLATOR, MOLECULAR IMAGING, CONTRAST MEDIUM
Abstract

In our previous publication we have shown some preliminary results and images obtained using a multiple- wavelength NIR scanning device designed in the Laboratory for Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Imaging (LRIM) at the National Laboratories of Legnaro, INFN [1]. The device described there has been designed for simple straight-line scanning of the NIR light transmitted through the scanned object. In this article we present the test results from our conceptually new NIR scanning device realized for small- object and tissue imaging in XY plane.

Published
2006

47. Sviluppo di una SPECT Camera per lo studio di Radiofarmaci 'intelligenti' su piccoli animali

Author

Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Bollini, Dante, Navarria, Francesco Luigi, Pancaldi, Giulio, Perrotta, Andrea, and Zuffa, Mirco

Subjects
FIS/07 Fisica applicata (a beni culturali, ambientali, biologia e medicina)
Abstract

L'uso di radiofarmaci, tra le molteplici applicazioni delle radiazioni, trova completa giustificazione in campo medico. I radiofarmaci sono sostanze chimiche che, in quanto farmaci, hanno la proprietà di interagire specificatamente con il sistema biologico e che, contenendo nella loro struttura un atomo di un nuclide radioattivo emittente gamma (radiazione scarsamente assorbita dai tessuti biologici), consentono di seguirne il percorso biologico per mezzo di idonei rivelatori esterni. È così possibile costruire una serie di immagini, raccolte in tempi successivi, che individua la distribuzione del radiofarmaco nel corpo e ne evidenzia il progredire del metabolismo. In questo modo è possibile avere indicazioni, non solo morfologiche di organi e apparati, ma soprattutto informazioni sulla loro funzionalità. L'informazione clinica che si ottiene dall'analisi delle immagini scintigrafiche, dipende sostanzialmente dalle proprietà biologiche che il radiofarmaco possiede una volta iniettato in vivo. Se il radiofarmaco ha inoltre la proprietà di fissarsi specificamente in cellule tumorali, esso può diventare anche radioterapeutico. Basta infatti utilizzare nella "marcatura" un radionuclide che emetta radiazioni adatte alla distruzione delle cellule tumorali (radiazioni corpuscolari a corto range nella materia biologica) perché il radiofarmaco affine ad esse, iniettato in vivo, trasporti l'agente terapeutico specificamente nella zona di azione.

Published
2006
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48. Sviluppo di una micro CT con sorgente Quasi-Monocromatica Multi-Energy per lo studio in vivo della crescita e della metastasi tumorale

Author

Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Masetti, Simone, Rossi, Pier Luca, Roma, Laura, Nicoletti, Giordano, and Lollini, Pier Luigi

Subjects
FIS/07 Fisica applicata (a beni culturali, ambientali, biologia e medicina), Quasi-monochromatic X-ray, Dual-Energy Radiology, K-edge Radiology, Multi-Energy Radiology, Linear Absorption Coefficient of Tissues, Angiogenesis, Diagnostic Radiology of Cancer
Abstract

Un innovativo micro scanner CT per piccolo animali – basato su di una sorgente che genera una coppia di fasci X Quasi-Monocromatici paralleli con diverse energie selezionabili – è in corso di installazione e caratterizzazione al Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Bologna. Lo scopo della ricerca è quello di effettuare l’imaging radiologico in vivo del tessuto tumorale e/o dei pattern di neo-angiogenesi in una fase diagnostica precoce realizzando la separazione del tessuto patologico da quello sano per mezzo della tecnica multi-energy che consiste nell’utilizzo di due o più fasci di raggi X quasi-monocromatici in sostituzione dell’unico fascio policromatico utilizzato nella radiologia convenzionale. Lo strumento consentirà inoltre lo studio, sui topi, della crescita tumorale e della formazione delle metastasi per differenti tipologie di tumore. Per la diagnosi precoce del tumore è essenziale essere in grado di rivelare i cambiamenti tissutali precancerosi, come la neo-angiogenesi. Si tratta di un meccanismo che si verifica in una fase iniziale dello sviluppo della patologia ed è dovuto alla produzione di molecole che stimolano la creazione di nuovi vasi sanguigni per alimentare la crescita delle cellule cancerose. Come dimostrato in precedenti studi di fattibilità [1], un sistema di imaging basato su due fasci di raggi X quasi-monocromatici di differenti energie fornisce maggiore sensibilità nella rivelazione di basse concentrazioni di mezzo di contrasto iodato rispetto ai tradizionali apparati RX con fascio policromatico. La K-edge dual energy radiology è una tecnologia potenzialmente in grado di rivelare il processo di neo-angiogenesi tumorale in uno stadio precoce quando la strumentazione convenzionale non dispone di sufficiente sensibilità. Inoltre, la possibilità di selezionare le energie dei fasci quasi-monocromatici consente l’applicazione della Multi-Energy Quasi-MonochromaticRadiology: selezionando opportunamente le energie è possibile esaltare le differenze fra i coefficienti di attenuazione lineare del tessuto patologico rispetto a quello sano aumentando il contrasto della patologia. Infatti, la tecnica multi-energy consente di ricostruire il numero atomico efficace e persino la composizione chimica del tessuto irradiato. Tuttavia, per ottenere questo risultato, si dovrebbero conoscere le bande di energia in cui l’assorbimento dei raggi X da parte del tessuto tumorale eventualmente differisce significativamente da quello dei tessuti sani. Per questo motivo è stata iniziata una sistematica caratterizzazione radiologica di molti tipi di tessuti sani e neoplastici, murini e umani allo scopo di costituire un catalogo delle finestre di energia in cui sarà possibile applicare la metodica multi-energy.

Published
2006
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49. DNA damage and apoptosis induced by 188Rhenium in tumour cells

Author

A. Antoccia, A. Banzato, M. Bello, D. Camporese, F. De Notaristefani, C. Giron, U. Mazzi, L. Melendez Alafort, G. Moschini, A. Nadali, M. Riondato, A. Rosato, A. Sgura, C. Tanzarella, N. M. Uzunov, BALDAZZI, GIUSEPPE, BOLLINI, DANTE, NAVARRIA, FRANCESCO LUIGI, PERROTTA, ANDREA, A. Antoccia, G. Baldazzi, A. Banzato, M. Bello, D. Bollini, D. Camporese, F. De Notaristefani, C. Giron, U.Mazzi, L. Melendez Alafort, G. Moschini, A. Nadali, F. Navarria, A. Perrotta, M. Riondato, A. Rosato, A.Sgura, C. Tanzarella, and N.M. Uzunov

Subjects
TUMOURS, MOLECULAR IMAGING, GAMMA RAY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Abstract

Gamma, β + , β - and α emissions of radionuclides can be successfully spoiled in the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals as a useful tool in radiodiagnosis (imaging) and radiotherapy against cancer. For nuclear imaging, 99m Tc has become the “universal” isotope because of its physical characteristics in the field of scintigraphy (6 hours half-life, 140 keV γ emission) [1]. Among the radionuclides the β - emitters are particularly promising in radiotherapy for the capability of their 0.3-2.3 MeV electrons to penetrate tissues in a range of 0.5-12 mm avoiding problems related to cellular internalization of radiopharmaceuticals. 188 Re (16.9 hours half life), a β - and γ emitter similar to the congener 99m Tc, is a promising candidate in nuclear medicine. In fact, while the β - emission (85%, E max = 2.12 MeV) is relevant for therapeutic purposes, the γ-rays (15%, 155 keV) can be detected to evaluate the biodistribution of the radiunuclide. Because of its multiple decay modes, 188 Re might be used for a real-time monitoring of regional drug distribution during radiation therapy. Furthermore 188 Re is available as perrhenate from a 188 W/ 188 Re generator. To date, few data are available in the literature on the sensitivity of different tumour cells to such radionuclide. In this context, the aim of the experiment SCINTIRAD supported by the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN, Italy) is to determine the radio-response of tumour cell lines treated “in vitro” with 188 Re, the biodistribution in different organs of “in vivo” mice and subsequently the therapeutic effect on tumours induced in mice. Furthermore, dedicated devices as an optimized YAP camera for the 188 Re photon spectrum and appropriate software have been developed and improved for imaging of small animals. In particular, we present preliminary results on the genotoxic effect of 188 Re-perrhenate on a panel of human tumour cell lines (U87, H460, MCF-7, LNCaP) in terms of inhibition of cell viability, micronuclei induction and apoptosis.

Published
2006

50. Sviluppo di un Sistema Spettrometrico OnLine e di un Rivelatore 'Compton Camera' per la Spettrometria dei RX

Author

Baldazzi, Giuseppe, Rossi, Pier Luca, Masetti, Simone, Roma, Laura, and Golfieri, Rita

Subjects
FIS/07 Fisica applicata (a beni culturali, ambientali, biologia e medicina), Spettrometria dei RX, Qualità del fascio RX, Dosimetria del paziente
Abstract

Ci si propone di iniziare la sperimentazione clinica di uno spettrometro online in grado di fornire – visivamente sul pannello di controllo e in forma digitale su card dosimetrica – lo spettro dei RX emessi in ogni singola esposizione diagnostica. Per mezzo dell’analisi differenziale (spettrometria) del fascio diviene possibile: 1- modulare con opportuni filtri il fascio al fine di ottimizzare l’imaging in ogni specifico esame diagnostico diminuendo nel contempo la dose al paziente; 2- riprodurre lo spettro del fascio per ottenere immagini qualitativamente e quantitativamente confrontabili; 3- misurare con precisione tutti i parametri di qualità del fascio (kVp, esposizione, energia media, energia equivalente, S.E.V. del fascio); 4- effettuare la dosimetria del paziente (ESD per ogni energy bin); 5- registrare lo spettro di ogni esposizione radiologica ricevuta dal paziente (card radiologica) nel corso della sua vita clinica. Per la piena operatività del metodo è necessario lo sviluppo di una apparecchiatura (Compton camera) per la verifica periodica della calibrazione del sistema spettrometrico online. Questo obiettivo può essere raggiunto mediante la lettura del fascio RX diffuso per effetto Compton a un preciso angolo e quindi ricostruito.

Published
2006
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