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Sunflower is the third largest oil crop and in 2023 it was grown on over 28 million hectares in the world. With the discovery of the CMS source in 1969, sunflower hybrids began to be created. The first commercial hybrids based on CMS were registered in Romania, in 1974 and in Yugoslavia, in 1978. It is estimated that hybrids are grown on around 85% of the total sunflower planting area today, and the remaining 15% are still landrace varieties, mostly of the confectionery type. Therefore, the requirement for hybrid sunflower seeds in the world today is around 120 million kg (about 12 million bags of 150,000 grains). To reach to this amount, the sunflower will be with an average yield of 700 kg/ha of processed seeds, it is necessary to plant sunflower with area about 170,000 ha. The total commercial hybrid sunflower seed production is estimated at USD 2 billion today. The production of hybrid sunflower seeds today is exposed to many new challenges. Global climate change facilitate warming environmentally, thus make drought and stormy winds occurrence. By monitoring the daily dynamics of bee visits, we determined that the maximum number of visits occurs at air temperatures between 20 and 28℃, and air humidity of 40-50%. In recent years, the average temperature in Serbia has increased by nearly 2℃ compared to the multi-year average. This has a negative effect on the vitality of pollen and fertilization, as well as on the visit of bees, so the recommendations for supplying beehives have increased from 2 to 4/ha. Bees are the most important pollinators for sunflower and on average make up 71% of the total visit (in some years over 90%), the insects is mainly from the Syrfidae family (19% of visits), bumblebees (8%) and butterflies (2%), whose populations are constantly decreasing. Due to the increase in the sunflower planting area, it is increasingly difficult to ensure spatial isolation of insects, it decreases to 500 m in many countries, and this already leads to increas

Suncokret je sve više ižložen negativnim uticajima klimatskih promena, posebno visokim temperaturama i sušnim periodima, što neretko uzrokuje značajne varijacije i smanjenje prinosa semena. S obzirom na to da se klimatske promene ne mogu zaustaviti, neophodno je identifikovati promene u biljci koje omogućavaju prilagođavanje na ekstremne klimatske uslove i primeniti ova saznanja u procesu oplemenjivanja. Stvaranje novih genotipova tolerantnih na sušu i sve vrste stresa je prioritet u sadašnjem ali i budućem procesu oplemenjivanja biljaka. Postizanje ovog cilja zahteva ispitivanje performanši hibrida na više lokaliteta i u ražlićitim godinama, osiguravajuć i tako pouzdane rezultate i prilagodljivost u promenljivim okolnostima. Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Institut od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, Novi Sad sprovodi svake godine multilokacijske mikro i proizvodne ogleda širom zemlje, testirajući adaptabilnost i stabilnost novih i već raširenih hibrida suncokreta u različitim mikroklimatskim uslovima. Tokom 2023. godine hibridi nove generacije, odnosno dva konvencionalna hibrida (NS Kruna i NS Ronin) i dva Express (SUMO) hibrida (NS H 8002 i NS H 8005) posejani su u osam regiona tj. okruga, kod četiri poljoprivredna proizvođača a u svakom okrugu. Imajući u vidu da je u 2023. godini, prosečan prinos semena suncokreta u Republici Srbiji prema procenama iznošio 2,7 -2,9 t/ha, a kada uporedimo ovu vrednost sa prosečnim prinosima u mreži proizvodnih ogleda osam okruga, jasno se ističe visok kvalitet NS hibrida suncokreta nove generacije. NS Ronin je ostvario izuzetan prinos od 4,2 t/ha, prati ga NS Kruna sa 4 t/ha, dok su SUMO hibridi NS H 8002 i NS H 8005 postigli prinose od 3,7 t/ha i 3,8 t/ha. Rezultati AMMI analize pokazuju da je za prinos semena tokom 2023. godine u proseku kroz sve okruge najstabilniji bio hibrid NS H 8002, sa vrednosć u IPC1 najblizoj nuli. Hibridi NS Kruna, NS Ronin i NS H 8005 su pokazali manju stabilnost, jer su bili udaljeniji o

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the most important oilseed crop in Europe and the second in the world. Rapeseed breeders are continuously creating cultivars and hybrids with the main goal to combine high yield, oil content and quality traits. Thus, it is imperative to assess the created germplasm and to distinguish the most promising genotypes. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic variability of 45 spring rapeseed hybrids in order to effectively select those with a combination of high seed and oil yield and other desirable traits, by using multivariate statistical methods.

U cilju ocene uticaja roka setve na sadržaj i prinos ulja NS hibrida suncokreta analizirani su rezultati ogleda koji su izvedeni tokom 2020. godine na lokalitetu Rimski šančevi. Ispitivana su tri NS hibrida (NS Sanol, NS H 7749, NS Kiril). Zasejani su u osam rokova setve počev od 20.03. sa razmakom od 10 dana (R1 20.03., R2 01.04., R3 10.04., R4 20.04., R5 01.05., R6 10.05., R7 20.05., R8 01.06). Između ispitivanih hibrida, kao i između rokova setve postojale su značajne razlike u sadržaju i prinosu ulja. Na sadržaj ulja, kao i na prinos ulja najveći uticaj imao je rok setve (preko 50%), zatim interakcija hibrid × rok setve i najmanji uticaj pokazao je hibrid. Svi izvori varijacije bili su visoko značajni za obe ispitivane osobine. Prosečan sadržaj ulja za sve hibride i rokove setve iznosio je 44,88%, a za prinos ulja 1,83 t/ha. Najveći prosečan sadržaj ulja dao je hibrid NS Sanol (45,98), a prinos ulja NS Kiril (2,01 t/ha). U rokovima setve R1, R2, R4 i R5 bile su najveće srednje vrednosti sadržaja ulja, Prinos ulja bio je najveći u dva srednja roka setve u R4 (2,22 t/ha) i R5 (2,15 t/ha). Varijabilnost sadržaja ulja iznosila je 1,8%, a prinosa ulja 12,1%., In order to assess the impact of the sowing date on the oil content and oil yield in NS sunflower hybrids, the experiment was carried out in 2020 at the locality Rimski šančevi. Three NS hybrids (NS Sanol, NS H 7749, NS Kiril) were tested. They were sown in eight sowing dates starting from March 20th with an interval of 10 days (R1 20.03., R2 01.04., R3 10.04., R4 20.04., R5 01.05., R6 10.05., R7 20.05., R8 01.06.). There were significant differences in oil content and oil yield between the examined hybrids, as well as between sowing dates. The sowing date (over 50%), had the greatest influence on the oil content and oil yield followed by the hybrid × sowing date interaction and the least influence was shown by the hybrid. All sources of variation were highly significant for both examined traits. The average oil content for all hybrids and sowing dates was 44.88%, and for oil yield 1.83 t/ha. The highest average oil content showed the hybrid NS Sanol (45.98), and the average oil yield was stated by NS Kiril (2.01 t/ha). The sowing dates R1, R2, R4 and R5 had the highest mean values for oil content. Oil yield was the highest in the two sowing dates in R4 (2.22 t/ha) and R5 (2.15 t/ha). The variability of the oil content was 1.8% and of the oil yield 12.1%.

Fatty acid composition is the main determinant of oil quality. Genotype (G), environment (E) and interaction (G × E) determine oil fatty acid composition. Some environmental factors are climate, soil structure, and crop management (crop rotation, sowing date, crop density, etc.). This research was conducted to evaluate changes in the fatty acid composition in sunflower hybrids depending on genotype and different crop densities. Five confectionery hybrids (NS Goliat, NS Slatki, NS Gricko, Vranac, Cepko) and one for birds feeding (NSH-6485) were sown in six crop densities from 20000-70000 plants per hectare (increasing step of 10000) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography using the Konik HRGC 4000 system.

U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati prinosa semena, sadržaja ulja i prinosa ulja NS hibrida suncokreta u mreži mikroogleda izvedenih u Srbiji tokom 2019. godine. Data je i preporuka sortimenta za setvu u 2020. godini. U mikroogledima je ispitivano 7 hibrida suncokreta na 15 lokaliteta. Prema rezultatima mikroogleda, srednje vrednosti proizvodnih osobina (prinos semena, sadržaj ulja, prinos ulja) pokazale su značajne razlike kako između hibrida, tako i između lokaliteta. Prosečan prinos semena za sve hibride i lokalitete iznosio je 3,98 t/ha.

NS Bora je novostvorena sorta uljane rotkve (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleifera) priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije., NS Bora is a registered newly-developed cultivar of oil radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleifera) released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia.

Increasing seed yield and oil content is one of the most important goals in sunflower breeding programs. Eight sunflower restorer lines RHA-UK, RHA-ST-59, RHA-SES-IMI, RHA-SNRF, RHA-E-ANN-65, RHA-RU-3, RHA-CDN, RHA-N-M-1 were analyzed to estimate correlation values for nine agronomic traits. Relationships between seed yield and eight traits (oil and protein content, seed germination, 1000-seed weight, head diameter, number of branches and leaves and plant height) in sunflower were studied. Path analysis was used to partition the correlation values into direct and indirect effects on seed yield. Path analysis indicated highest significant direct effect of head diameter on yield (0.439**; as confirmed by the high correlation coeffi cient 0.623**). e number of branches (high correlation coeffi cient 0.552**) had a positive direct effect but not highly significant on yield (0.260*). In the study of indirect effects, thirteen significant effects were determined.

The sustainable production of agricultural commodities, such as vegetable proteins and oils, is currently facing the challenge of developing new cropping strategies more e fficient in terms of water, nutrients, and land, while being able to increase the supply of domestic feedstocks. Double cropping of camelina (Camelina sativa L.), sown in the autumn, with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) can be proposed as a sustainable way to produce in the same growing season and land, multiple feedstocks for both energy, feed and food uses. A preliminary trial was conducted in Novi Sad (Serbia) during the 2018/19 growing season to test: yield performance, oil content and 1000 seed mass of two early sunflower hybrids (NS Dukat and NS H 7749) sown just after the harvest of two camelina varieties (NS Slatka and NS Zlatka which average yield was 920 kg/ha). Sunflower hybrids were also grown in the monocropping system as control. Both sunflower hybrids had higher seed yields in the monocropping system (+24%), but when considering the total yield of the two crops in the double cropping seed yield resulted slightly higher (+1-3%) than that of sunflower in the monocropping system. Although the average oil content and oil yield of sunflower was 6% and 27% higher in the monocropping system, respectively, the high nutritional value of camelina’s oil, which is rich in omega-3, should be also carefully evaluated.

U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati prinosa semena, sadržaja ulja i prinosa ulja novosadskih hibrida suncokreta u mreži mikroogleda izvedenih u Srbiji tokom 2018. godine. Data je i preporuka sortimenta za setvu u 2019. godini. U mikroogledima je bilo uključeno 9 hibrida i 15 lokaliteta. Prema rezultatima mikroogleda, srednje vrednosti prinosa semena, sadržaja ulja i prinosa ulja značajno su se razlikovale kako između hibrida, tako i između lokaliteta.

The variability of protein content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in addition to genetic factors, is greatly influenced by many environmental factors as location, year, temperature. Proper field practices as crop rotation, sowing density, and sowing date can also influence oil and protein content in rapeseed. This study was initiated to determine the impact of cultivar, production year and row spacing (sowing density) on protein content in three cultivars of winter rapeseed grown in Serbia, during two vegetation periods. Experimental factors included three winter rapeseed cultivars (Banaćanka, Slavica and NS-H-R-1) sown in five row spacings of 16 cm (RS1, 25 plants/m2), 10 cm (RS2, 40 plants/m2), 8 cm (RS3, 50 plants/m2), 6 cm (RS4, 67 plants/m2) and 5 cm (RS5, 80 plants/m2). The rows were 25 cm apart. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means of treatments using STATISTICA 7.0 software. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on results of the two-year average showed that the mean squares for main effects year (Y) and cultivar (C) were highly significant (**P < 0.01), but protein content was not significantly affected by row spacing (RS).

The trial in this study was carried out in field conditions throughout three years from plots where seed production of sunflower parental lines was established. Eight genotypes were examined; namely RHA-UK, RHA-ST59, RHA-SES-IMI, RHA-SNRF, RHA-E-ANN-65, RHA-RU-3, RHA-CDN, and RHA-N-M-1. All the examined genotypes are parental components of the best sunflower hybrids developed by the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. Relationships between seed yield and eight different traits in sunflower were studied - oil and protein content, seed germination, 1000-seed weight, head diameter, number of branches and leaves and plant height. The same analyses were carried out for comparison of oil content. A highly significant positive correlation was determined between plant height and number of branches; plant height and the number of leaves; plant height and head diameter; plant height and seed yield; number of branches and yield; the number of leaves and yield; head diameter and seed yield; number of leaves and number of branches; number of leaves and head diameter and between seed germination and oil content. Path analysis indicated highest significant direct effect of plant height on yield (0.439**). The number of branches had a significant positive direct effect on yield (0.260*). In the study of indirect effects on yield, thirteen significant effects were determined. The study of direct effects on oil content showed that the plant height and number of leaves diameter had high significant effects (0.800** and -0.847**). The existence of indirect significant effects on oil content was determined in nine cases., Ispitivani su odnosi prinosa semena i osam svojstava kod suncokreta - sadržaj ulja i proteina u semenu, klijavost semena, težina 1000 semena, prečnik glave, broj grana, broj listova i visina biljke. Ista analiza urađena je za sadržaj ulja u semenu suncokreta. Statistički visoko značajna korelacija utvrđena je upoređivanjem sledećih parametara ispitivanja: visina biljke i broja bočnih grana; visina biljke i prinosa semena; broja bočnih grana i prinosa semena; broja listova i prinosa semena; prečnika glave i prinosa semena; broja listova i broja bočnih grana; broja listova i prečnika glave te klijavosti semena i sadržaja ulja u semenu. Path analiza je pokazala visoko statistički značajan pozitivan direktan uticaj visine biljke na prinos semena (0,439**) suncokreta. Broj grana po biljci imao je statistički značajan pozitivan direktan uticaj na prinos semena (0,260*). U posmatranju indirektnih efekata na prinos utvrđeno je trinaest različitih statistički značajnih slučajeva. Kod analize direktnih efekata na sadržaj ulja u semenu utvrđeni su visoko statistički značajne vrednosti kod visine biljke i broja listova (0,800** i -0,847**). Prilikom analize indirektnih efekata na sadržaj ulja u semenu suncokreta utvrđeno je devet statistički značajnih slučajeva.

Five different rapeseed genotypes were tested. The following traits were considered: seed yield, seed germination, seed oil content, 1000 seed weight and seed protein content and they were used to determine whether there is significant or nonsignificant correlation. Highest average results were determined in genotype G-3 (yield 2.544 kg; germination 90%; 1000 seed weight 4,30 g; oil content 45,31% and protein content 19,83%) while G-5 (1.838 kg; 87%; 3,50 g; 44,77% and 17,28%) had the lowest average result of observed parameters. Highly significant positive correlations were found while comparing seed yield with 1000 seed weight (0.753**) and protein content (0.726**). High significant positive correlation were also determined comparing seed germination with 1000 seed weight (0.832**) and protein content (0.892**). Also high significant correlation was determined comparing 1000 seed weight and protein content (0.812**). Positive significant correlations were found by comparing seed yield and seed germination (0.644*). Path analysis indicated highest significant positive direct effect of 1000 seed weight (0.716**) and protein content (0.666**) on seed yield. High but negative significant value had seed germination (-0.645**). In the study of indirect effects on seed yield, none of significant effects were determined. The study of direct effects on oil content showed that the seed germination had high significant positive effect (- 1.296**) on oil content. Significant but hot high effect has seed yield (0.556*). In other two traits it was determined negative high significant effects (1000 seed weight – 0.797** and protein content – 0.717**) on seed oil content. The existence of indirect significant effects on oil content in four cases was determined, Ispitivano je pet različitih genotipova ozime uljane repice. Ispitivani su sledeći parametri: prinos semena, klijavost semena, masa 1000 semena, sadržaj ulja i proteina u semenu. Genotip G-3 ostvario je nabolje rezultate (prinos 2.544 kg; klijavost 90%; masa 1000 semena 4,30 g; sadržaj ulja 45,31% i sadržaj proteina 19,83%) dok je genotip G-5 ostvario najlošije rezultate (1.838 kg; 87%; 3,50 g; 44,77% i 17,28%) posmatranih parametara. Visoko značajna pozitivna korelacija utvrđena je upoređivanjem vrednosti: prinosa semena sa masom 1000 semena (0.753**) i sadržajem proteina (0.726**); klijavosti semena sa masom 1000 semena (0.832**) i sadržajem proteina (0.892**) odnosno mase 1000 semena i sadržaja proteina (0.812**). Pozitivna značajna vrednost korelacije utvrđena je posmatranjem prinosa semena i klijavosti semena (0.644*). Pat analiza prinosa semena pokazala je da masa 1000 semena (0.716**) i sadržaj proteina (0.666**) imaju najveći pozitivan uticaj dok klijavost semena ima najveći negativan visoko značajan uticaj (-0.645**) na prinos semena. Posmatranjem indirektnih uticaja na prinos semena nije utvrđena nijedna značajna vrednost posmatranih parametara. Kod sadržaja ulja Pat analiza utvrdila je da klijavost semena (1.296**) ima najveći pozitivan uticaj na sadržaj ulja u semenu. Značajan pozitivan uticaj na sadržaj ulja ima prinos semena (0.556*). U preostalim direktnim uticajima utvrđen je negativan visoko značajan uticaj (masa 1000 semena – 0.797** i sadržaj proteina – 0.717**) na sadržaj ulja u semenu. Posmatranjem indirektnih uticaja utvrđeno je da postoje 4 značajna uticaja, od kojih su tri pozitivna a jedan negativan.

Rezultati prinosa semena, sadržaja ulja i prinosa ulja novosadskih hibrida suncokreta u mreži mikroogleda izvedenih u Srbiji tokom 2017. prikazani su u ovom radu. Preporučen je i sortiment za setvu u 2018. U mikroogledima je bilo uključeno 10 hibrida koji su ispitivani na 15 lokaliteta. Na osnovu rezultata mikroogleda, srednje vrednosti proizvodnih osobina (prinos semena, sadržaj ulja, prinos ulja) značajno su se razlikovale, kako između hibrida, tako i između lokaliteta.

Ilia je novostvorena sorta ozime uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije., Ilia is a registered newly-developed cultivar of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia.

NS Pek je novostvoreni hibrid ozime uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) priznat od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srpske., NS Pek is a registered newly-developed hybrid of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Srpska.

NS Vid je novostvoreni hibrid ozime uljane repice (Brassica napus L.) priznat od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srpske., NS Vid is a registered newly-developed hybrid of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Srpska.

The evaluation of genotype x environment interaction (GXE) is an important component of the selection process in multi-environment trials. The objective of this study was to analyze the GXE interaction for seed yield (SY), germination rate (GR), thousand seed weight (TSW) and protein content (PC) of 18 sunflower parental lines through the application of AMMI analysis, as well as to identify suitable sunflower parental lines with both high performance and high stability. Highly significant differences for SY, GR, TSW and PC were found for main effects (genotypes, years). For all investigated traits GXE interaction was also highly significant, suggesting a different response of genotypes across testing environments. Highest SY was shown by genotypes G12, G14 and G17. Most stable lines for seed yield were Gl, G2, G18 and G17. High stability in terms of GR showed the genotypes G3, G11 and G15, with average values higher than the general average. In the three-year experiment environment E3 was most stable for GR. Genotypes G2, G4, G5, G6 and G7 were stable for TSW. Similar average values and stability for TSW showed E2 and E3. The lines with the most stable reaction in the examined environmental conditions for PC were G7 and G10. The most stable environment for PC was E3.

Rapeseed is one of the major oil crops, grown in various agroecological conditions. Interest in organic rapeseed is rising, with increasing importance to breeders to determine the need for specific organic breeding programs. The objective of this study was to determine the adaptive value of rapeseed cultivars in organic farming environments. Five winter rapeseed cultivars were grown in conventional and organic plots, each with three sowing dates in four replications. The trials were organized using a randomized block design. The effect of cultivar and farming on emergence, percentage of harvested plants, yield, oil and protein content were investigated. Locally recommended agricultural practices were used to keep the fields free from weeds, insects and diseases. In organic field, weeds were removed mechanically while insects were treated using organic insecticide. The seed samples for analysis of oil and protein content were taken during harvest. Considering agricultural practices, it was found that rapeseed can be successfully grown in organic agriculture, but further improvements are needed to increase stability of production. Early sowing date provides enough time for rapeseed growth before the winter and good overwintering. The cultivars had higher oil content in the conventional farming, while there was no significant effect of farming system on protein content. For cultivar Slavica, higher yield was recorded in organic system, while cultivars Banaćanka and Nena had high yield in both farming systems. The results suggest that the existing conventional breeding material can be used as a good starting point for further trait improvements in organic farming., Uljana repica je jedna od glavnih uljanih kultura koja se uzgaja u različitim agroekološkim uslovima. Interesovanje za organsku uljanu repicu raste, pri čemu je oplemenjivačima od sve većeg značaja da odrede potrebu za posebnim programima organskog oplemenjivanja. Cilj ove studije bio je utvrđivanje adaptivne vrednosti konvencionalnih sorti uljane repice u okruženjima organske poljoprivrede. Pet sorti ozime uljane repice uzgajano je na konvencionalnim i organskim parcelama, od kojih svaka sa tri datuma setve u četiri ponavljanja. Ispitivanja su organizovana korišćenjem slučajnog blok dizajna. Ispitivan je uticaj sorte i načina gajenja na nicanje, procenat požnjevenih biljaka, prinos, sadržaj ulja i proteina. Lokalno preporučene agrotehničke mere su korišćene da se polja sačuvaju od korova, insekata i bolesti. U organskom polju korov se uklanjao mehanički dok su insekti tretirani organskim insekticidom. Uzorci semena za analizu sadržaja ulja i proteina uzeti su tokom žetve. Uzimajući u obzir agrotehničke mere, ustanovljeno je da se uljana repica može uspešno gajiti u organskoj poljoprivredi, ali potrebna su dalja poboljšanja da bi se povećala stabilnost proizvodnje. Rezultati pokazuju da rana setva pruža dovoljno vremena za razvoj uljane repice pre zime i dobro prezimljavanje. Sorte su imale veći sadržaj ulja u konvencionalnom gajenju, dok nije bilo značajnog uticaja sistema gajenja na sadržaj proteina. Za sortu Slavica veći prinos je zabeležen u organskom gajenju, dok su kod oba sistema gajenja sorte Banaćanka i Nena imale visoki prinos. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da se postojeći konvencionalno oplemenjivani materijal može koristiti kao dobra polazna tačka za dalje poboljšanje svojstava sorti u organskoj poljoprivredi.

U radu su prikazani rezultati prinosa semena, sadržaja ulja i prinosa ulja novosadskih hibrida suncokreta u mreži mikroogleda izvedenih u Srbiji tokom 2016. godine. Data je i preporuka sortimenta za 2017. godinu. U mikroogledima je ispitivano 11 hibrida na 12 lokaliteta. Na ispitivanim lokalitetima, na osnovu rezultata mikroogleda, proizvodne osobine (prinos semena, sadržaj ulja, prinos ulja) su se značajno razlikovale. Najviši prosečan prinos semena ostvarili su hibridi NS Konstantin (4,17 t/ha), Duško (4,00 t/ha) i NS Fantazija (3,98 t/ha). Hibridi NS Oskar, NS Romeo i Novosađanin, postigli su prinos semena koji je bio iznad opšteg proseka u mikroogledima.

This investigation was undertaken in order to determine the variability of oil and protein content in winter rapeseed cultivars affected by seeding date. Four cultivars (Banacanka, Slavica, Express, Valesca) were sown at six seeding dates (SD1-21 August, SD2-31 August, SD3-10 September, SD4-21 September, SD5-1 October, SD6-9 October) in four replications across two cropping seasons. The trial was arranged as a randomized complete block design. The effect of year, cultivar, and seeding date were highly significant for oil and protein content. Increased oil content in the second year (2010/2011) was related to weather conditions which were favorable for rapeseed. However, protein content was significantly higher in the first year (2009/2010). Oil content ranged between 41.19% (Valesca) and 42.69% ( Express). Significantly lowest oil content across seeding dates was found in SD6 (40.67%) and highest in SD4 (41.86%) and SD1 (41.61%). Valesca showed significantly highest mean protein content (21.54%). Protein content was highest in SD6 (20.18%). Oil content decreased with delayed seeding. Between oil and protein content highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.730) was stated. Seeding date showed a significant effect on oil and protein content in rapeseed. Cultivar Express and SD4 can be pointed out, based on the achieved oil content, and cultivar Valesca for high protein content. Study results may be helpful in recommending optimal rapeseed seeding date in the region.

Since maize is grown in climatically diverse regions and under different production conditions, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of two common stress factors (drought and salinity), on seed germination, as well as on seedling root and shoot length of maize hybrids. The experiments were conducted in 2015, in the Laboratory for Seed Testing of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops from Novi Sad, Serbia, on seven maize hybrids from different maturity groups (from FAO 300 to FAO 700). For simulation of drought conditions we have used polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (control and concentration of 1, 10, 16 and 23%). For study of salt stress, NaCl in concentration of 0.02, 0.07, 0.12, 0.17, 0.20 and 0.22 M has been used. The data obtained were processed by ANOVA. Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used to measure statistical differences between treatment methods and the control. In drought stress study, germination percentage started to decrease at the 0.1 MPa. Root and seedling length were less affected by PEG treatment. In salt stress study, a significant drop in germination was observed at the concentration of 0.20 M of NaCl.