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The synthesis as well as the results of the investigations on the structure as well as properties ‐ thermal, mechanical, surface and nonlinear optical of semiorganic bisglycine lithium perchlorate (BGLP) single crystals are herein recorded. BGLP single crystal with dimensions 14× 3 × 2 mm3 has been synthesized and its structure and lattice parameters have been identified with the aid of X‐ray diffraction. The vibrational spectrum of BGLP has been investigated making use of FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra. Optical transmittance and absorption is examined by UV–vis spectroscopy with thickness 2 mm and it is shown that the crystal is highly transparent with a lower cut‐off of 287 nm. The optical bandgap is evaluated as 5.7 eV. The dielectric constant is found to show variations with frequency as well as temperature, which remains constant at high frequencies. Dielectric loss is found to decrease with the applied electric field. BGLP is manifested to be thermally stable up to 256 °C as revealed from thermogravimetric analyses. The 2D nucleation mechanism in the growth of BGLP crystals is understood from etching studies. By implementing Z‐scan studies with a He─Ne laser as a source, the nonlinear absorption coefficient, susceptibility, and third order nonlinear refractive index are all computed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: One of the most common congenital craniofacial defects in children is cleft lip and palate. Numerous challenges, including early feeding difficulties, nutritional problems, aberrant speech development, dental abnormalities, and hearing loss, are frequently present in them. Studies have revealed that kids with cleft lip and palate have delayed expressive language, which is demonstrated by their slower rate of sound and word acquisition with limited vocabulary. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional survey was carried on 50 children with cleft deformity. Using google forms, a survey questionnaire was prepared using the Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) assessing the communication skills of the children. Additional information was gathered about the family structure, number of languages, nuclear/joint family and the use of mobile phones. General physical examination and a growth evaluation were done. Results: Among 50 children in the study, 30 children had normal total score corresponding to the age of the child whereas 20 children (40%) had low scores for the age of the child. 32% of children had a concern communication composite score, 30% of children had a concern expressive speech composite score whereas 38% of children had a concern symbolic composite score. Conclusion: Communication and language deficits are present in children with orofacial clefts. A comprehensive screening tool for communication delays in children between the ages of 6 and 24 months is called the ITC. Children who score positively on the screen or who have concerns on the ITC require additional testing for communication difficulties as well as an autism-specific screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perforator-based flaps in the sacral and ischial region is designed according to the localization of perforators that penetrate the gluteus maximus muscle, reach the intra-fascial and supra-fascial planes with the overlying skin forming a rich vascular plexus. The perforator-based flaps described in this article are highly vascularized, have minimal donor site morbidity, and do not require the sacrifice of the gluteus maximus muscle. In a period between April 2008 and March 2009, six patients with sacral pressure sore were reconstructed with propeller flap method based on superior gluteal and parasacral artery perforators. One flap loss was noted. Three cases of ischial pressure sore were reconstructed with longitudinal propeller flap cover, based on inferior gluteal artery perforator. One flap suffered wound infection and dehiscence. Two cases of pilonidal sinus were reconstructed with propeller flap based on parasacral perforators. Both the flaps survived without any complications. Donor sites were closed primarily. In the light of this, they can be considered among the first surgical choices to re-surface soft tissue defects of the sacral and ischial regions. In the series of 11 patients, two patients (18%) suffered complications.