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This paper proposes an effective method for the initial rotor position estimation of interior PMSM. The smooth start-up of a PMSM drives heavily relies on the accurate initial rotor position. Improper initial rotor position value leads to starting failure or temporary reverse rotation. This method utilizes the line to line inductance values to estimate the rotor position. High-frequency voltage signals injection and the rotating coordinate transformation technique used to extract rotor position information from the inductance values. The pole identification is done by using the current saturation concept and SVPWM switching sequence. This method effectively helps to avoid temporary reverse rotation and starting failures. The validity and practical applications of the proposed estimation technique are verified through the experimental outcomes. The proposed method has been implemented on a microcontroller (TMS320F28035). The obtained experimental results confirm the effectiveness of these methods.

Semantic similarity (SS) analysis is a technique for finding similarities between words/sentences/documents based on their meaning. In natural language processing (NLP), SS is an important element to find a suitable mail from a bulk inbox. As the number of mails and mail content increases, it becomes difficult to get the matches with keywords and nearly impossible for many cases. This paper presents a method to find SS between query statements and mail content using BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). BERT is a pre-trained unsupervised NLP model developed by Google. The results are presented and compared with the existing keyword-based search to prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable, late-onset motor neuron disease, linked strongly to various causative genetic loci. ALS8 codes for a missense mutation, P56S, in VAMP-associated protein B (VAPB) that causes the protein to misfold and form cellular aggregates. Uncovering genes and mechanisms that affect aggregation dynamics would greatly help increase our understanding of the disease and lead to potential therapeutics. We developed a quantitative high-throughput Drosophila S2R+ cell-based kinetic assay coupled with fluorescent microscopy to score for genes involved in the modulation of aggregates of the fly orthologue, VAP(P58S), fused with GFP. A targeted RNA interference screen against 900 genes identified 150 hits that modify aggregation, including the ALS loci Sod1 and TDP43 (also known as TBPH), as well as genes belonging to the mTOR pathway. Further, a system to measure the extent of VAP(P58S) aggregation in the Drosophila larval brain was developed in order to validate the hits from the cell-based screen. In the larval brain, we find that reduction of SOD1 levels or decreased mTOR signalling reduces aggregation, presumably by increasing the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanism of aggregate clearance is, primarily, proteasomal degradation, which appears to be triggered by an increase in ROS. We have thus uncovered an interesting interplay between SOD1, ROS and mTOR signalling that regulates the dynamics of VAP aggregation. Mechanistic processes underlying such cellular regulatory networks will lead to better understanding of the initiation and progression of ALS.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable, late-onset motor neuron disease, linked strongly to various causative genetic loci. ALS8 codes for a missense mutation, P56S, in VAMP-associated protein B (VAPB) that causes the protein to misfold and form cellular aggregates. Uncovering genes and mechanisms that affect aggregation dynamics would greatly help increase our understanding of the disease and lead to potential therapeutics. We developed a quantitative high-throughput Drosophila S2R+ cell-based kinetic assay coupled with fluorescent microscopy to score for genes involved in the modulation of aggregates of the fly orthologue, VAP(P58S), fused with GFP. A targeted RNA interference screen against 900 genes identified 150 hits that modify aggregation, including the ALS loci Sod1 and TDP43 (also known as TBPH), as well as genes belonging to the mTOR pathway. Further, a system to measure the extent of VAP(P58S) aggregation in the Drosophila larval brain was developed in order to validate the hits from the cell-based screen. In the larval brain, we find that reduction of SOD1 levels or decreased mTOR signalling reduces aggregation, presumably by increasing the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanism of aggregate clearance is, primarily, proteasomal degradation, which appears to be triggered by an increase in ROS. We have thus uncovered an interesting interplay between SOD1, ROS and mTOR signalling that regulates the dynamics of VAP aggregation. Mechanistic processes underlying such cellular regulatory networks will lead to better understanding of the initiation and progression of ALS. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper., Summary: ALS8/VAPB(P58S) aggregates appear to be cleared by an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species, which, in turn, triggers proteasomal degradation.