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Background: Management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an unmet clinical need. Lanifibranor is a pan-PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist that modulates key metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic pathways in the pathogenesis of NASH.Methods: In this phase 2b, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, patients with noncirrhotic, highly active NASH were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 1200 mg or 800 mg of lanifibranor or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. The primary end point was a decrease of at least 2 points in the SAF-A score (the activity part of the Steatosis, Activity, Fibrosis [SAF] scoring system that incorporates scores for ballooning and inflammation) without worsening of fibrosis; SAF-A scores range from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating more-severe disease activity. Secondary end points included resolution of NASH and regression of fibrosis.Results: A total of 247 patients underwent randomization, of whom 103 (42%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus and 188 (76%) had significant (moderate) or advanced fibrosis. The percentage of patients who had a decrease of at least 2 points in the SAF-A score without worsening of fibrosis was significantly higher among those who received the 1200-mg dose, but not among those who received the 800-mg dose, of lanifibranor than among those who received placebo (1200-mg dose vs. placebo, 55% vs. 33%, P = 0.007; 800-mg dose vs. placebo, 48% vs. 33%, P = 0.07). The results favored both the 1200-mg and 800-mg doses of lanifibranor over placebo for resolution of NASH without worsening of fibrosis (49% and 39%, respectively, vs. 22%), improvement in fibrosis stage of at least 1 without worsening of NASH (48% and 34%, respectively, vs. 29%), and resolution of NASH plus improvement in fibrosis stage of at least 1 (35% and 25%, respectively, vs. 9%). Liver enzyme levels decreased and the levels of the majority of lipid, inflammatory, and fibrosis biomarkers improved in the lanifibranor groups. The dropout rate for adverse events was less than 5% and was similar across the trial groups. Diarrhea, nausea, peripheral edema, anemia, and weight gain occurred more frequently with lanifibranor than with placebo.Conclusions: In this phase 2b trial involving patients with active NASH, the percentage of patients who had a decrease of at least 2 points in the SAF-A score without worsening of fibrosis was significantly higher with the 1200-mg dose of lanifibranor than with placebo. These findings support further assessment of lanifibranor in phase 3 trials. (Funded by Inventiva Pharma; NATIVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03008070.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims: Four-week treatment of linvencorvir (RO7049389) was generally safe and well tolerated, and showed anti-viral activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of 48-week treatment with linvencorvir plus standard of care (SoC) in CHB patients., Methods: This was a multicentre, non-randomized, non-controlled, open-label phase 2 study enrolling three cohorts: nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC)-suppressed patients received linvencorvir plus NUC (Cohort A, n=32); treatment-naïve patients received linvencorvir plus NUC without (Cohort B, n=10) or with (Cohort C, n=30) pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFN-α). Treatment duration was 48 weeks, followed by NUC alone for 24 weeks., Results: 68 patients completed the study. No patient achieved functional cure (sustained HBsAg loss and unquantifiable HBV DNA). By Week 48, 89% of treatment-naïve patients (10/10 Cohort B; 24/28 Cohort C) reached unquantifiable HBV DNA. Unquantifiable HBV RNA was achieved in 92% of patients with quantifiable baseline HBV RNA (14/15 Cohort A, 8/8 Cohort B, 22/25 Cohort C) at Week 48 along with partially sustained HBV RNA responses in treatment-naïve patients during follow-up period. Pronounced reductions in HBeAg and HBcrAg were observed in treatment-naïve patients, while HBsAg decline was only observed in Cohort C. Most adverse events were grade 1-2, and no linvencorvir-related serious adverse events were reported., Conclusion: 48-week linvencorvir plus SoC was generally safe and well tolerated, and resulted in potent HBV DNA and RNA suppression. However, 48-week linvencorvir plus NUC with or without Peg-IFN did not result in the achievement of functional cure in any patient.

Background: Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists augment immune activity and have potential for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of RO7020531 (also called RG7854), a prodrug of the TLR7 agonist RO7011785, in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic HBV infection., Methods: This randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study was done in two parts. Part 1 was done at one site in New Zealand and part 2 was done at 12 sites in Bulgaria, Hong Kong, Italy, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Taiwan, Thailand, and the UK. In part 1, healthy volunteers were randomly assigned (4:1) within one of eight dose cohorts (3 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, 100 mg, 140 mg, or 170 mg) to receive a single RO7020531 dose or placebo or randomly assigned (4:1) within one of three dose cohorts (100 mg, 140 mg, or 170 mg) to receive either RO7020531 or placebo every other day for 13 days. In part 2, nucleoside or nucleotide analogue-suppressed patients with chronic HBV infection were randomly assigned (4:1) within cohorts 1-3 (150 mg, 150 mg, or 170 mg) to receive either RO7020531 or placebo and treatment-naive patients with chronic HBV infection were randomly assigned (3:1) in cohort 4 to receive either 150 mg of RO7020531 or placebo. Patients were treated every other day for 6 weeks. Study medication was administered orally to participants after they had fasted. Study participants and investigational staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was the safety and tolerability of RO7020531, as measured by the incidence and severity of adverse events and the incidence of laboratory, vital sign, and electrocardiogram abnormalities, and was analysed in all participants who received at least one dose of the study medication. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02956850, and the study is complete., Findings: Between Dec 12, 2016, and March 21, 2021, 340 healthy volunteers were screened in part 1, of whom 80 were randomly assigned in the single ascending dose study (eight assigned RO7020531 in each cohort and 16 assigned placebo) and 30 were randomly assigned in the multiple ascending dose study (eight assigned RO7020531 in each cohort and six assigned placebo), and 110 patients were screened in part 2, of whom 30 were randomly assigned in cohorts 1-3 (16 assigned RO7020531 150 mg, eight assigned RO7020531 170 mg, and six assigned placebo) and 20 were randomly assigned in cohort 4 (15 assigned RO7020531 and five assigned placebo). All randomly assigned participants received at least one dose of a study drug and were included in the safety analysis. All tested doses of RO7020531 were safe and had acceptable tolerability in healthy volunteers and patients. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events among the total study population were headache (15 [9%] of 160 participants), influenza-like illness (seven [4%] of 160 participants), and pyrexia (ten [6%] of 160 participants). Most adverse events were mild and transient. There were no severe or serious adverse events in healthy volunteers. In the patient cohorts, there was one severe adverse event (influenza-like illness with 170 mg of RO7020531) and one serious adverse event (moderate influenza-like illness with a 3-day hospitalisation in a treatment-naive patient receiving RO7020531). There were no treatment-related deaths., Interpretation: Due to acceptable safety and tolerability, RO7020531 should continue to be developed for the treatment of patients with chronic HBV infection., Funding: F Hoffmann-La Roche., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests M-FY is an advisory committee or review panel member for AbbVie, Aligos, Arbutus Biopharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Clear B Therapeutics, Dicerna, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Springbank Pharmaceuticals and has received grants or research support from Assembly Biosciences, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Fujirebio Incorporation, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Sysmex Corporation. ECo, ECh, FC, DD, QJ, MT, RU, and YZ are employees of Hoffman-La Roche. YZ and FC are Hoffman-La Roche stockholders. AP is a Hoffman-La Roche external business partner. EJG is an advisory committee or review panel member for AbbVie, Arbutus, Arrowhead, Assembly Biosciences, Availa, Clear B Therapeutics, Dicerna, Finch Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Hoffman-La Roche, and Vir Bio and has received speaking and teaching fees from AbbVie, Aligos, DrugFarm, Enanta, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck, and Novartis. RB declares no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)