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Introduction: Measurement of Maximal Static Respiratory Pressures (MSRP) is a non invasive tool to determine global respiratory muscle strength. The unique lifestyle factors in the Himalayan region, prompted the need for establishing normative values. Aim: To establish the typical maximum respiratory pressures in the Himalayan region and, secondarily, to develop a predictive equation based on the normative data collected. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. A total of 101 non smokers (78 males, 23 females) aged from 19-70 years were selected after initial screening by a questionnaire and spirometry from the attendants of patients attending Himalayan Hospital from July 2000 to May 2022. Sustained Nasal Inspiratory Pressure (SNIP), Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP), and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) values were measured using Micro Respiratory Pressure Meter (RPM) following the American Thoracic Society Technical Statement (ATS) standard protocol. The prediction model for the Maximal Respiratory Pressure (MRP) was obtained using regression analysis. Height, age, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were included as variables in the calculations. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program for Windows (Version 22.0). Results: There was a statistically significant difference observed in MIP among males 91.77±29.41 cmH2O and females 65.26±19.55 cmH2O and in MEP among males 86.37±26.96 cmH2O and females 56.04±18.29 cmH2O. Both MIP and MEP averages were more in males than in females. In the present study, there was no significant relationship between height, weight, BMI, and respiratory pressure in females. There was no significant relationship between MIP and MEP plus height, age, weight, or BMI. Weight (r-value=0.24), age (r-value=0.27), and BMI (r-value=0.27) all had a significant association in men. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that there are gender-based disparities in MRP in the Himalayan population, with males exhibiting higher average values than females. Additionally, while there was no significant correlation between anthropometric factors and respiratory pressures in females, in males, weight, age, and BMI showed significant associations with these respiratory parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties, bi-layered nanocomposite films consisting of CoFe2O4 (CFO)/Pb1-xSrxTiO3 (PST) phases (x=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) have been deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate by using a metallo-organic decomposition process. Both the PST perovskite and the CFO spinel phases are confirmed from X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra of the composite films. The composite films exhibit room temperature multiferroic properties. The values of saturation magnetization (Ms), remanent magnetization (Mr), and coercive field (Hc) of the composite films are in the range of 108-119 kA/m, 42-51 kA/m, and 44.5-64.1 kA/m, respectively. In addition, the saturation polarization (Ps), remanent polarization (Pr), and electrical coercive field (Ec) are observed in the range of 11.3-14.4 μC/cm², 2.9-4.8 μC/cm², and 56-59.5 kV/cm, respectively. The dielectric response in the presence of applied magnetic field, Hdc∼238.6 kA/m shows a high magnetocapacitance value ∼385% at frequency 100 kHz for CFO/PST composite film with x=0.1. The maximum magnetoelectric voltage co-efficient value, αE∼380 kV/(m×T) has been achieved in the composite films with x=0.1. The influence of elastic/and or interfacial strain on multiferroic magnetoelectric properties is evident from the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new tools with outstanding performance for monitoring neurotransmitters is a challenging task in neuroscience. Electrochemical probes have attracted tremendous attention for the identification and quantification of neurotransmitters, owing to their demonstrated potential for quick response, real‐time measurements, elevated selectivity and sensitivity. In this Review, we have focused on the recent developments of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based electrochemical sensors for dopamine detection. The use of CNTs is beneficial for this task, because of their high tensile strength, flexibility, good electrical conductivity, and low thermal expansion coefficient. Therefore, electrochemical sensing approaches with CNTs have opened the door for researchers working towards neurobiomedical applications. CNTs on the fishing job: The detection of the neurotransmitter dopamine by using conductive and tensile non‐metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is described. Three main types of materials have been developed in this regard, including metal or metal oxide nanoparticles supported on CNTs, polymer‐coated CNTs, and functionalized CNTs grown on glassy carbon electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]