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It is well known that the resolvent of the free Schr��dinger operator on weighted $L^2$ spaces has norm decaying like $��^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ at energy $��$. There are several works proving analogous high-frequency estimates for magnetic Schr��dinger operators, with large long or short range potentials, in dimensions $n \geq 3$. We prove that the same estimates remain valid in all dimensions $n \geq 2$., 21 pages

OBJECTIVESymptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) will become an increasingly common presentation in neurosurgical practice as the population ages, but quality evidence is still lacking to guide the optimal management for these patients. The British Neurosurgical Trainee Research Collaborative (BNTRC) was established by neurosurgical trainees in 2012 to improve research by combining the efforts of trainees in each of the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland's neurosurgical units (NSUs). The authors present the first study by the BNTRC that describes current management and outcomes for patients with CSDH throughout the UK and Ireland. This provides a resource both for current clinical practice and future clinical research on CSDH.METHODSData on management and outcomes for patients with CSDH referred to UK and Ireland NSUs were collected prospectively over an 8-month period and audited against criteria predefined from the literature: NSU mortality < 5%, NSU morbidity < 10%, symptomatic recurrence within 60 days requiring repeat surgery < 20%, and unfavorable functional status (modified Rankin Scale score of 4–6) at NSU discharge < 30%.RESULTSData from 1205 patients in 26 NSUs were collected. Bur-hole craniostomy was the most common procedure (89%), and symptomatic recurrence requiring repeat surgery within 60 days was observed in 9% of patients. Criteria on mortality (2%), rate of recurrence (9%), and unfavorable functional outcome (22%) were met, but morbidity was greater than expected (14%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that failure to insert a drain intraoperatively independently predicted recurrence and unfavorable functional outcome (p = 0.011 and p = 0.048, respectively). Increasing patient age (p < 0.00001), postoperative bed rest (p = 0.019), and use of a single bur hole (p = 0.020) independently predicted unfavorable functional outcomes, but prescription of high-flow oxygen or preoperative use of antiplatelet medications did not.CONCLUSIONSThis is the largest prospective CSDH study and helps establish national standards. It has confirmed in a real-world setting the effectiveness of placing a subdural drain. This study identified a number of modifiable prognostic factors but questions the necessity of some common aspects of CSDH management, such as enforced postoperative bed rest. Future studies should seek to establish how practitioners can optimize perioperative care of patients with CSDH to reduce morbidity as well as minimize CSDH recurrence. The BNTRC is unique worldwide, conducting multicenter trainee-led research and audits. This study demonstrates that collaborative research networks are powerful tools to interrogate clinical research questions.

Total carbohydrates in shoots, canes and old wood were higher in fruitful vines than in overvigorous or devitalized ones. The highest percentage of total carbohydrates was observed from December to February in all three types of vines. The minimum values for total carbohydrates in shoots of bearing vines were recorded in May. Total sugars were highest in bearing vines, followed by overvigorous and devitalized ones, respectively. Non-bearing (overvigorous and devitalized) vines had maximum sugar content in February, while bearing vines reached the maximum in January. Non-reducing sugars were practically absent in all vines from March to September. The first evidence of their presence was obtained in October. Nitrogen concentration was higher in overvigorous vines, followed by bearing and devitalized ones, respectively. Its level in devitalized vines was very low throughout the year. Also the nttrogen status of devitalized vineyard was very low, as observed in soil analysis. In bearing and overvigorous vines the percentage nitrogen was higher in shoots than in old wood. There was no significant difference in the phosphorus levels of bearing and overvigorous vines. Potassium level of overvigorous vines was slightly higher than that of bearing and devitalized vines. Overvigorous vines had low carbohydrates and very high ni,trogen, bearing vines had moderate carbohydrates and moderate nitrogen, while the devitalized vines had low carbohydrates and very low nitrogen level. Die jahreszeitlichen Veränderungen der Kohlenhydrat- und Mineralstoffzusammensetzung bei luxurierenden und kümmernden Anab-e-Shahi-Reben in Beziehung zu ihrer Unfruchtbarkeit Der Gesamtkohlenhydratgehalt in grünen Trieben, Tragruten und altem Holz war bei fruchttragenden Anab-e-Shahi-Reben größer als bei luxurierenden oder kümmernden Reben. Die höchste Konzentration der Gesamtkohlenhydrate wurde bei allen drei Rebtypen von Dezember bis Februar beobachtet; in den Trieben der traubentragenden Reben wurden im Mai die niedrigsten Werte festgestellt. Die Gesamtzuckerkonzentration nahm in der Reihenfolge fruchttragende, luxurierende, kümmernde Reben ab. Bei nicht-traubentragenden (luxurierenden und kümmernden) Reben war der Zuckergehalt im Februar am größten; traubentragende Reben erreichten ihr Zuckermaximum schon im Januar. Nichtreduzierende Zucker fehlten bei allen Reben von März bis September praktisch vollständig und waren erst von Oktober an nachzuweisen. Luxurierende Reben zeigten einen höheren Stickstoffgehalt als traubentragende und kümmernde Reben. Die letzteren wiesen das ganze Jahr über sehr niedrige Stickstoffkonzentrationen auf. Bodenanalysen ergaben, daß auch ihre Parzelle sehr schwach mit Stickstoff versorgt war. Bei fruchttragenden und luxurierenden Reben enthielten die grünen Triebe prozentual mehr Stickstoff als das alte Holz. Zwischen eiern Phosphorgehalt normaler und luxurierender Reben bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied. Bei den luxurierenden Reben war der Kaliumgehalt etwas höher als bei den traubentragenden und kümmernden Reben. Luxurierende Reben besaßen wenig Kohlenhydrate und sehr viel Stickstoff, traubentragende Reben wiesen mittlere Kohlenhydrat- und Stickstoffkonzentrationen auf, während die kümmernden Reben einen niedrigen Kohlenhydrat- und einen sehr geringen Stickstoffgehalt zeigten., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 20 No. 4 (1981): Vitis

A study on 4-year 'Allahabad Safeda' guava plants was made to assess the influence of Paclobutrazol (PP 333), [(2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4 triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol], a gibberellin-inhibitor, and Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid], a vegetative growth inhibitor and a ripening promoter, on reproductive growth of plants. Treatments in the form of foliar application at 500 and 1000 ppm were applied consecutively during March 2007 and 2008 on plants at 6m x 2m, 6m x 3m, 6m x 4m and 6m x 5m spacing. Maximum flowering and fruit set was recorded in paclobutrazol treated plants in both rainy and winter crops. Ethephon reduced flower bud density (FBD) and fruit set during both the cropping seasons. However, Ethephon treated plants exhibited slightly higher fruit retention. Ethephon advances fruit maturity by upto a week during rainy season and two weeks during winter season. Paclobutrazol treated plants exhibited significantly higher fruit number, fruit yield, yield efficiency, fruiting density compared to Ethephon treated and control plants. Reproductive growth of plants at wider spacing of 6m x 5m and 6m x 4m significantly improved compared to closer spacings of 6m x 2m and 6m x 3m during both cropping seasons. Plants at wider spacing responded better to Paclobutrazol applications with respect to flowering and fruiting.