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Abstract Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), also known as “sweet marjoram” or “sweet oregano” is a Mediterranean herbaceous perennial herb cultivated in Egypt and widely consumed as an herbal supplement for treatment of several ailments. The main goal of this study was to assess volatiles’ variation in marjoram samples collected from two different widely consumed commercial products using two different extraction techniques viz. head space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and petroleum ether using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and multivariate data analysis. A total of 20 major aroma compounds were identified in samples extracted with HS-SPME found enriched in monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. The major volatiles included β-phellandrene (20.1 and 14.2%), γ-terpinene (13.4 and 11.7%), 2-bornene (12.3 and 11.5%), p-cymene (9.8 and 4.6%) terpenen-4-ol (16.4 and 7.5%), sabinene hydrate (16.02 and 8.8%) and terpineol (4.2 and 3.2%) in MR and MI, respectively. Compared with HS-SPME, 51 aroma compounds were identified in marjoram samples extracted with petroleum ether, found more enriched in aliphatic hydrocarbons (42.8 and 73.8%) in MR and MI, respectively. While a higher identification score was observed in the case of solvent extraction, SPME appeared to be more selective in the recovery of oxygenated terpenes to account more for marjoram aroma. Multivariate data analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct discrimination between volatile composition of both marjoram samples. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in marjoram samples were at (111.9, 109.1 µg GA/mg) and (18.3, 19.5 µg rutin eq/mg) in MR and MI, respectively. Stronger antioxidant effects were observed in MR and MI samples with IC50 at 45.5 and 56.8 µg/mL respectively compared to IC50 6.57 µg/mL for Trolox as assayed using DPPH assay. Moderate anti-bacterial effect was observed in MR and MI samples and expressed as a zone of inhibition mostly against Bacillus subtilis (16.03 and 15.9 mm), B. cereus (12.9 and 13.7 mm), Enterococcus faecalis (14.03 and 13.97 mm), and Enterobacter cloacae (11.6 and 11.6 mm) respectively.

Abstract Background Pediatric kidney transplantation is unique when compared to adults. They need optimum post-transplant care to achieve longer graft and patient survival. Infections, rejection, recurrence, malignancy, bone problems, hypertension, and surgical complications are the most important challenges that require prevention, early detection, and management. Chronic allograft nephropathy needs different approaches based on its related causes, allograft pathology, graft function, and availability of re-transplantation. Aim/objectives This national adapted guideline aims to frame evidence-based post-transplant recommendations adopted or adapted from EB source guidelines to optimize post-transplant patient care. Methods Our guideline is evidence based adapted from four national and international source guidelines with permissions [KDIGO 2020, RA/BTS 2022–2018, EAU 2018] that were appraised with AGREE II instrument tool. We followed the “adapted ADAPTE” CPG formal adaptation methodology that consists of 3 phases and 24 steps and tools. Virtual monthly meetings all through the year 2023 were activated for reviewing and validation of final adaptation of evidence-based guideline draft, considering all comments of external reviewers. This guideline was registered in the practice guideline registration for transparency (PREPARE), number: PREPARE-2023CN364. Results Recommendation statements in guidelines stand for results in articles. Discussion of important recommendations and the rationale behind selection of adopted statements and tailoring of others to suit our local facilities, expertise, and renal native disease profile was presented in the text with reasons and references. Conclusion The provided guidelines aim to improve graft and patient outcome through prevention and early management of complications and suggest research areas lacking validated research recommendations.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show promise as blood-based tumor markers for germ cell tumors (GCTs), with miRNA-371-3p being the most studied. The marginal benefit of including other candidate miRNAs to aid with the management of testicular GCTs remains unclear. Objective: To assess the performance of our combined miRNA assay (371a-3p and 372-3p) in patients with clinically localized testicular masses. Design, setting, and participants: This was a retrospective review of patients prospectively enrolled in an ongoing protocol collecting serum miR-371a-3p and miR-372-3p levels (together, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSK] miRNA assay [MMA]) in patients with a suspected or diagnosed testicular GCT. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The coprimary outcomes of interest were sensitivity and specificity of miR-371a-3p and 372-3p, individually and together, to detect nonteratomatous GCTs in the orchiectomy specimen. Secondary outcomes included additional assay diagnostic parameters, the relationship of patient and disease factors with variations in miRNA levels, and temporal patterns of miRNA normalization after orchiectomy. Results and limitations: Sixty-two patients were included, 52 had a viable GCT at orchiectomy, and ten had no cancer or a non-GCT. Forty-six patients with a GCT had positive preorchiectomy MMA (sensitivity 88.5% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 79.8, 97.2]), and one patient had positive preorchiectomy MMA but no GCT (specificity 90.0% [95% CI: 71.4, 100]). The diagnostic performance of miR-371a-3-p and miR-372-3p was similar. The time for miRNA to decrease to undetectable levels varied, with some patients having positive levels up to 3 wk after orchiectomy. Conclusions: The biomarkers miR-371a-3p and miR-372-3p demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for localized testicular GCTs, but causes of variation in relative miRNA levels and time to normalization for individual patients remain unclear. Patient summary: We studied the ability of the blood-based biomarkers miR-371a-3p and miR-372-3p to detect testicular cancer (germ cell tumors) in patients with small testicular masses. We found that together and individually these were sensitive and specific for testicular cancer.

This study examines the local singularities of tube surfaces, especially those of swept surfaces $ (SS) $ in Euclidean 3-space $ \mathcal{E}^{3} $. $ SS $ is created by moving a planar curve through space such that the trajectory of any point on the surface remains perpendicular to the plane. The Type-2 Bishop frame is considered, and the singularities of these $ SS $ are analyzed. Examples are offered and illustrated.

Abstract Background Kidney transplantation for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is the best treatment option. It needs special medical and surgical expertise highly skilled in management of pediatric age group. Our Egyptian profile for causes of end-stage renal failure (ESRF) in transplanted children reflects prevalence of inherited kidney diseases IKD (43%), urologic causes (26%), glomerulonephritis (GN) (17%), and unknown causes (14%). Renal graft availability remains a great challenge. Aim We need pediatric kidney transplantation (PKT) guideline since children have unique causes for ESRF compared to adults. Their transplant team should be skilled in management of children challenges. Recipients may not have one transplant per life. Long-standing immunosuppression will have its toxicity and need regular monitoring. Lots of data are extracted from adult guidelines lacking paediatric background. Young paediatric nephrologists need short version guidelines rich in educational figures for management plans. Children and their families need Arabic orientation booklets and supportive programmes. National Insurance System sponsors should be guided by National Pediatric Guidelines to minimize the centre’s variations. Methods Our National Pediatric Guidelines are evidence based adapted from international four source guidelines with permissions [KDIGO-2020, RA/BTS 2022-2018, EAU 2018] that were appraised with Agree 2 plus tool using PIPOH format health questions. We followed the ‘adapted ADAPTE’ CPG formal adaptation methodology that consists of three phases and 24 steps and tools. It was registered on the practice guideline registration international guideline registry with a registration number IPGRP-2023-12-27 CN 312. Results Summary includes recommendations for assessment of (1) potential living adult donors for age, medical, surgical, immunologic, familial, metabolic, malignancy, and any donor morbidities and (2) transplant recipient assessment for age, weight, nutritional, psychosocial, immunological, infection states, primary native kidney disease, associated morbidities, the presence of genetic, immunologic, infection, and malignancy risks. Conclusion Pediatric kidney transplantation guidelines aim for better donor, recipient, and graft survival. Recommendations are tailored as adopted or adapted statements from evidence-based source guidelines to suit our local pediatric CKD profile.

This research aims to develop weft-knitting fabrics on machines using rib, weft knitting fabrics used in the production of women's shoes lad to the development of the existing product in the market for women's shoes. New methods were also communicated to raise the aesthetic value of fabrics produced on rectangular weft knitting machines through the design program. The best executive specifications were communicated to obtain the fabrics used in women's shoes on rectangular weft knitting machines, as indicated in the test results.

Abstract Background Crohn’s disease is a chronic disease that causes remitting and relapsing inflammatory episodes in the transmural part of the gastrointestinal system. It usually affects young people. The study sought to establish whether ultrasound can visualize important/useful diagnostic features and complications of the disease in the same way that MR enterography (MRE) can. The study is a prospective cohort of 133 patients of various disease stages (active and in remission) who had previously been seen by a gastroenterologist. All patients underwent abdominal and pelvic ultrasound examinations, with each of the five intestine segments checked independently for thickening and active inflammation. Complications of fistulas, abscesses, and stenosis were evaluated. Findings at MRE together with ileocolonoscopic results were deemed the standard reference. Results Ultrasound showed wall stenosis ranging from 5 to 12 mm, with a mean ± SD of 7.73 ± 2.30. A single loop was present in 69.2% of cases. The ileum was the most heavily involved loop portion (66.7%). In 72.9% of patients, stenosis and dilatation were present, whereas 69.7% showed active inflammation. Complications such as fistulas and abscess formation (21.2%) were identified. Ultrasound was found to be an effective tool for detecting stenosis and dilatation in the examined patients, with sensitivity of 84% and 87%, and specificity of 91% and 97%, respectively. A high accuracy of 90.9% was demonstrated for abscess formation. Conclusions Ultrasound is a noninvasive method that is comparable to MRI for detecting damaged bowel segments and transmural complications such as bowel strictures, fistulas, and abscesses in Crohn’s disease patients. However, MR imaging is more comprehensive in providing detailed information about the disease's extent and activity.

Abstract Indian mustard (Brassica juncea; Brassicaceae) is an edible, oilseeds-yielding crop widely consumed as a food spice owing to its richness in nutrients with several health benefits. The current study aims to dissect the B. juncea metabolome heterogeneity among its different organs including leaf, stem, flower, and seed. Moreover, assessing the metabolome differences between two different varieties RH-725 and RH-761 grown at the same conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) post-silylation was used to dissect the composition of nutrient metabolites coupled to multivariate data analysis. Variation in sulphur aglycones was measured using headspace-solid phase-microextraction HS-SPME coupled to GC–MS. A total of 101 nutrient metabolites were identified with the abundance of sugars represented by monosaccharides in all organs, except for seeds which were enriched in disaccharides (sucrose). α-Linolenic acid was detected as a marker fatty acid in leaf from RH-725 at 12.5 µg/mg. Malic acid was detected as a significant variant metabolite between the two varieties as detected in the leaf from the RH-725 variety at ca. 128.2 µg/mg compared to traces in RH-761. 7 Volatile sulphur compounds were detected at comparable levels in RH-725 and RH-761, with 3-butenyl isothiocyanate was the most abundant at 0.8–2 ng/mg.

Abstract Background Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is one of the most common autoimmune inflammatory disorders affecting the orbit that characterized by swelling of extra ocular muscles (EOMs) and expansion of the orbital fat. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could assess the microstructural integrity of tissue. We aimed at this study to assess the role of DTI in the evaluation of EOMs and orbital fat in GO and identify the relationship with disease activity. Results Case–control study included 40 patients diagnosed as Graves’ disease (20 active and 20 inactive) and 10 health control subjects underwent DTI. Low fraction anisotropy (FA) and high mean diffusivity (MD) of inferior rectus (IR), medial rectus (MR) and orbital fat in GO versus healthy control (HC), while high FA and high MD in active group versus inactive group. In order to differentiate between GO and HC; FA cutoff point of IR, MR& orbital fat were 0.46, 0.45 and 0.26 with sensitivity 98.8%,98.8% and 93.8% and specificity 95.0%, 95.0% and 85%, respectively. MD cutoff point for IR, MR and orbital fat 1.24, 1.27 and 1.275 with sensitivity 97.5%, 98.8% and 98.8% and specificity 95.0%, 95% and 95%, respectively. To differentiate between active and inactive GO; FA cutoff point of IR, MR and orbital fat were 0.35, 0.36 and 0.22 respectively with sensitivity 80.0%, 82.5% and 72.5% and specificity 95.0%, 85.0% and 65.0%, respectively. MD cutoff point for IR, MR and orbital fat were 1.58, 1.63 and 1.54 respectively with sensitivity 90.0%, 97.5% and 85.0%, and specificity 90.0%, 80.0% and 62.5%, respectively. Conclusions DTI parameters (FA and MD) of EOMs and orbital fat are considered as crucial radiological biomarkers for diagnosis of GO and could quantitatively differentiate active form inactive disease.

This research aims to develop weft knitting products, especially the decorative ribbed fabrics used in men's outerwear in the market on weft knitting machines, especially rectangular machines, as the experimental study is based on the diversity of stitch types and the use of knitting machines to take advantage of the capabilities of decorative ribbed weft knitting machines to raise the artistic value And the aesthetic of weft knitting fabrics and improving the functional performance of men's outerwear and trying to reach the best executive specification for decorative ribbed weft knitting fabrics for men's outerwear, and then the local product can be developed for fabrics produced from decorative ribbed weft knitting, so this research aims to develop machine-made weft knitting fabrics By using ribbed derivatives and creating innovative designs and different machine settings and implementing them on weft knitting machines for the production of outerwear, for example but not limited to (men's outerwear) to achieve distinctive aesthetic and functional properties and improve public taste as well as raise the aesthetic value of the produced ribbed fabric and to reach the best executive specifications. And by using the computer and the diversity in the types of stitches, it led to the diversity in the design and the development of new designs to give the aesthetic shape and to raise the value of the decorative ribbed fabrics, where the samples of the fabrics for the research were produced using the diversity in the stitches, and a rectangular weft knitting machine (7) was used, and using acrylic mixing yarns 90% and 10% nylon and No. 17/1 E, where 3 samples were produced on the rib knitting machine. A questionnaire combining the opinions of academic professors and the consuming public was carried out on the three samples, and a graph of this data was made for all samples used in the research.

Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an invasive and polyphagous pest affecting various vital crops globally, was studied to assess how different maize hybrids impact its biological parameters under controlled laboratory conditions. Maize, a crucial crop for food security in Egypt, requires effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to manage pests like S. frugiperda. This article explores how S. frugiperda performs on five maize hybrids—Hi-Tech 2031, Wataniya 6, Giza 10, Giza 128, and Giza 168. Significant differences were observed in larval duration across the hybrids, with the shortest duration (14.08 days) on Hi-Tech 2031. Giza 128 resulted in the longest pupal period (9.39 days), and adult lifespans varied between 8.91 and 9.61 days. Reproductive parameters also diverse, with pre-oviposition periods ranging from 4.64 to 4.90 days and oviposition periods from 3 to 4.14 days. The highest average egg count (1352.19 eggs) was recorded with Giza 10. Hybrids Hi-Tech 2031 and Giza 128 had a lower male proportion (44.81% and 43.45%, respectively). Giza 10 also yielded the highest pupation rate (93.33%), while Hi-Tech 2031 showed the highest emergence rate (96.33%).

Abstract Umbelliferous (Apiaceae) vegetables are widely consumed worldwide for their nutritive and health benefits. The main goal of the current study is to explore the compositional heterogeneity in four dried umbelliferous vegetables viz, celery, coriander, dill, and parsley targeting their volatile profile using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 133 volatile metabolites were detected belonging to 12 classes. Aromatic hydrocarbons were detected as the major components of the analyzed vegetables accounting ca. 64.0, 62.4, 59.5, and 47.8% in parsley, dill, celery, and coriander, respectively. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were detected at ca. 6.39, 8.21, 6.16, and 6.79% in parsley, dill, celery, and coriander, respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of various health benefits were detected in parsley and represented by roughanic acid and α-linolenic acid at 4.99 and 0.47%, respectively. Myristicin and frambinone were detected only in parsley at 0.45 and 0.56%. Investigation of antibacterial activity of umbelliferous vegetables n-hexane extract revealed a moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with higher activity for celery and dill against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone 20.3 mm compared to 24.3 mm of the standard antibacterial drug.

In the dynamic landscape of advanced manufacturing, the confluence of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and machine learning (ML) has recently garnered significant attention in many applications. This review investigates the confluence of LPBF and ML, specifically within the specific domain of stainless steel. Firstly, it delves into LPBF principles, including an overview of critical process parameters and associated defects. Secondly, the paper meticulously addresses the distinct challenges posed by steel in additive manufacturing (AM), highlighting factors such as chemical composition, anisotropic microstructure, and oxide film formation, all of which require specialized considerations. Thirdly, the spotlight shifts to the pivotal role of ML, covering predictive modeling for process parameters, real-time defect detection, and quality control. This paper highlights recent advances, revealing how data-driven approaches can accelerate process understanding and part qualification. Eventually, this review offers insights into the future integration of ML in LPBF for steel, providing valuable perspectives on potential advancements in the field of AM.

Abstract Background A major worldwide health issue is the rising frequency of resistance of bacteria.Drug combinations are a winning strategy in fighting resistant bacteria and might help in protecting the existing drugs.Monolaurin is natural compound extracted from coconut oil and has a promising antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus.aureus. This study aims to examine the efficacy of monolaurin both individually and in combination with β-lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methods Agar dilution method was used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against S.aureus isolates. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect morphological changes in S.aureus after treatment with monolaurin. Conventional and Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect of beta-lactamase (blaZ) gene and its expressional levels after monolaurin treatment. Combination therapy of monolaurin and antibiotics was assessed through fractional inhibitory concentration and time-kill method. Results The antibacterial activity of monolaurin was assessed on 115 S.aureus isolates, the MIC of monolaurin were 250 to 2000 µg/ml. SEM showed cell elongation and swelling in the outer membrane of S.aureus in the prescence of 1xMIC of monolaurin. blaZ gene was found in 73.9% of S.aureus isolates. RT-PCR shows a significant decrease in of blaZ gene expression at 250 and 500 µg/ml of monolaurin. Synergistic effects were detected through FIC method and time killing curve. Combination therapy established a significant reduction on the MIC value. The collective findings from the antibiotic combinations with monolaurin indicated synergism rates ranging from 83.3% to 100%.In time-kill studies, combination of monolaurin and β-lactam antibiotics produced a synergistic effect. Conclusion This study showed that monolaurin may be a natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus, and may be an outstanding modulator of β-lactam drugs. The concurrent application of monolaurin and β-lactam antibiotics, exhibiting synergistic effects against S. aureus in vitro, holds promise as potential candidates for the development of combination therapies that target particularly, patients with bacterial infections that are nearly incurable.

Abstract Background We recently adopted a guideline for chronic cough in children in the Egyptian health system. Adapting clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to the local healthcare setting is a valid alternative to de-novo development that can improve their uptake and implementation without demanding a substantial drain on resources. The objective of this study was to adapt evidence-based recommendations from global high-quality CPGs for children with a chronic cough to suit the Egyptian healthcare context. Methods We followed the Adapted ADAPTE methodological framework for guideline adaptation. This process includes three phases: set-up, adaptation, and finalization. A guideline adaptation group (GAG) and an external review group including clinical content experts and methodologists conducted the process. Results The GAG adapted 10 sections of recommendations from three original CPG(s) including (i) the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) 2006–2020, (ii) the European Respiratory Society (ERS) 2019, (iii) the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology (KAAACI) 2018. A set of CPG implementation tools was added to enhance implementability including an algorithm, a slide presentation for clinical diagnosis, investigations and treatment of chronic cough, patient education, and online resources. Conclusion The adapted CPG provides pediatricians and related healthcare workers with applicable evidence-based recommendations for chronic cough in children in Egypt. The project also highlighted the utility of Adapted ADAPTE and the invaluable collaboration between the clinical and methodological experts for the adaptation of pediatric national guidelines.

Abstract Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCO] is a worldwide endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Diagnosis and differentiation of PCO phenotypes are crucial for disease prognosis, fertility outcome, and treatment planning. This study aims to assess arterial spin labeling perfusion (ASL) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) derived metrics in the diagnosis of PCO, differentiation of its phenotypes, and correlation of these metrics with laboratory measurements. Results ASL and DWI of the pelvis were performed on 72 PCO patients and another 20 age-matched control group. Two observers measured the blood flow (BF) and ADC in the ovarian stroma. Serum levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. BF values were significantly higher in PCO patients than in control cases (P = 0.001), with area under the curve (AUC) of (0.94 and 0.89) and accuracy of (96% and 92%) for both observers, respectively. Also, BF values were significantly higher in classic than in non-classic PCO cases (P = 0.001), with AUC of (0.92 and 0.90) and accuracy of (91%) for both observers, respectively. ADC values were significantly lower in PCO patients than in control cases (P = 0.001), with AUC of (0.85 and 0.84) for the first observer and second observer, respectively. ADC values were significantly lower in classic PCO patients than in non-classic patients (P = 0.001), with AUC of (0.85 and 0.84) and accuracy of (77% and 81%) for both observers, respectively. Combined values of BF and ADC showed an accuracy of 91% and 86% for differentiating patient from control cases for both observers, respectively, and an accuracy of 92% for differentiating classic from non-classic PCO phenotypes. A significant correlation was found between ADC, BF metrics, and both serum testosterone and DHEAS levels (P

In this treatise, several relationships are improved for the axodes of one-parameter spatial movements. Results are devised in some theorems which characterize many kinematical and geometrical properties of the movements employing the geometrical data of the stationary and movable axodes. An example illustrates the application of the formulae derived. Our findings contribute to a greater understanding of the similarities between spatial movements and axodes, with possible applications in fields such as mechanical engineering.

Abstract Herbal spices are widely consumed as food additives owing to their distinct aroma and taste as well as a myriad of economic and health value. The aroma profile of four major spices including bay leaf, black pepper, capsicum, and fennel was tested using HS-SPME/GC–MS and in response to the most widely used spices´ processing methods including autoclaving and γ-radiation at low and high doses. Additionally, the impact of processing on microbial contamination of spices was tested using total aerobic count. GC–MS analysis led to the identification of 22 volatiles in bay leaf, 34 in black pepper, 23 in capsicum, and 24 in fennel. All the identified volatiles belonged to oxides/phenols/ethers, esters, ketones, alcohols, sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Oxides/phenol/ethers were detected at high levels in all tested spices at ca. 44, 28.2, 48.8, 61.1%, in bay leaves, black pepper, capsicum, and fennel, respectively of the total blend and signifying their typical use as spices. Total oxides/phenol/ethers showed an increase in bay leaf upon exposure to γ-radiation from 44 to 47.5%, while monoterpene hydrocarbons were enriched in black pepper upon autoclaving from 11.4 in control to reach 65.9 and 82.6% for high dose and low dose of autoclaving, respectively. Cineole was detected in bay leaf at 17.9% and upon exposure to autoclaving at high dose and γ-radiation (both doses) its level increased by 29–31%. Both autoclaving and γ-radiation distinctly affected aroma profiles in examined spices. Further, volatile variations in response to processing were assessed using multivariate data analysis (MVA) revealing distinct separation between autoclaved and γ-radiated samples compared to control. Both autoclaving at 115 °C for 15 min and radiation at 10 kGy eliminated detected bioburden in all tested spices i.e., reduced the microbial counts below the detection limit (

Visual memory is the first inventory when recalling abstract concepts, it is the image that dramatically gives the idea and conveys it to the recipient, and just as people can pronounce their thinking they can visualize it, for example diagram, map and painting are all examples of the uses of visual language, which includes its structural units, for example line, shape, color, shape, movement and texture, and those elements in the picture represent concepts in a spatial context rather than the linear form used for words, speech and visual communication. They are parallel and often interrelated means in the exchange of information by human beings, and this is what the research is about through a graphic formative experience that carries abstract expressive concepts about Eastern women in general and Egyptian, in the light of a societal reality that constantly stresses her freedom and feelings and the researcher has shed light on the psychological extent suffered by women to reach psychological stability through her study of the physiognomy, which helped her to discover personality and the general situation From his exterior only , Any study of the type of thinking and personality through its influence on the features of the personality in general, and has dealt with women in her work as she can’t control her emotions so she addressed the woman in particular and highlighted her inner emotions and she has handled the works by drawing sketches in India ink then modifying the by different Graphic programs and using digital arts then printing them with the technique of silk screen, using the school of abstract expressionism which she found her way of doing because it cares about feelings and conscience.

Abstract The cotton or solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley, 1898) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), infests various host plants in Egypt. A study was conducted to observe the incidence of mealybugs and the possible influences of meteorological variables and plant age on the insect population of maize (single-hybrid 168 yellow maize cultivar) plants in Esna district, Luxor governorate, Egypt, in two consecutive seasons (2021 and 2022). P. solenopsis infested maize plants from the 3rd week of June to harvest, and had three peaks of seasonal incidence/season namely; in the 1st week of June in the 3rd/4th week of July, and the 2nd week of August. Similarly, there were three peaks in the percent of infestations per season. In the first season, the average population density of P. solenopsis per sample was 174.04 ± 16.93 individuals, and in the second season, 156.72 ± 14.28 individuals. The most favorable climate for P. solenopsis population increase and infestation occurred in August in the first season and in September in the second season, while June was less suitable in both growing seasons (as estimated by weekly surveys). The combined effects of weather conditions and plant age are significantly related to the estimates of P. solenopsis populations, with an explained variance (E.V.) of 93.18 and 93.86%, respectively, in the two seasons. In addition, their influences explained differences in infestation percentages of 93.30 and 95.54%, respectively, in the two seasons. Maize plant age was the most effective factor in determining changes in P. solenopsis population densities in each season. The mean daily minimum temperature in the first season and mean daily dew point in the second season were the most important factors affecting the percent changes in infestation. However, in both seasons, the mean daily maximum temperature was the least effective variable in population and infestation variation. This study paves the way for monitoring and early detection of mealybugs in maize; as well as the optimal climatic conditions for its development.

Geodesic curves on a surface play an essential role in reasonable implementation. A curve on a surface is a geodesic curve if its principal normal vector is aligned with the surface normal. Using the Serret–Frenet frame, the timelike (TL) surfaces can be specified as linear combinations of the components of the local frames in Minkowski 3–space E13. With these parametric representations, we obtained the indispensable and required events for the specified Bertrand (B) curves to be the geodesic curves on these surfaces. Afterword, the conclusion regarding the TL ruled surface is also made. Finally, the models are declared to assure that the suggested methods are effective in outcome manufacturing by modifying the styles of the surface pair.