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Cabralis pallidus Bakkes n. sp. (Figs. 16 ���25) Cabralis gloriosus Nav��s, 1912a:110 (547), pro parte. Type depository: SANC. Holotype: male. Type locality: Ingwe Motel, Soutpansberg Mts., Limpopo, South Africa. (22��58���S 29��57���E). ���Cns1��� Oswald, 1993:8 (7341) [as unnamed species of Cabralis] Etymology. From latin pallidus, adjective (pale, ashen, wan). For lighter patterned wings that impart an almost pure white appearance. Material examined: 52 specimens from South Africa (SANC, TMSA). See table 1. Type material: Holotype: Database no.: NEUR 52672; ♂ (SANC). Label data: ��� SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., / Wylliespoort, Ingwe / Motel, 22.58S / 29.57E. 30���(/) 31.i.1984 / M.W. Mansell��� (White rectangle). ��� Cabralis gloriosus / Nav��s, 1912 ♂ / det. M.W. Mansell / 1984��� (White rectangle) [det. label now outdated]. ��� Cabralis gloriosus / Navas, 1912 / Det JD Oswald 1991��� (Small white rectangle) [det. label now outdated]. ��� Holotype / Cabralis / pallidus Bakkes / D.K. Bakkes 2015��� (Large red rectangle). ���SANC-Pretoria / Database No. / NEUR 52672��� (Small blue rectangle). Abdomen cleared by Bakkes in 2014, placed in a glycerine-filled microvial pinned below specimen (SANC). Paratypes: Database no.: NEUR00006; 4♂ 3♀ (SANC), 1♂ 2♀ (SAMC). Label data: ���SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., / Entabeni Forest res. / Soutpansberg, 23.00S / 30.16E. 18���19.i.1982 / M.W. Mansell��� (White rectangle). ���Beaten from / vegetation��� (Small white rectangle). ��� Cabralis gloriosus / Nav��s, 1912 / det. M.W. Mansell / 1982��� (White rectangle) [det. Label now outdated]. ���Paratype / Cabralis / pallidus Bakkes / D.K. Bakkes 2015��� (Large blue rectangle). ���SANC-Pretoria / Database No. / NEUR00006��� (Small blue rectangle). Database no.: NEUR00297; 19♂ 9♀ (SANC), 2♂ 1♀ (MRAC). Label data: ���SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., / Wylliespoort, Ingwe / Motel, 22.58S / 29.57E. 30���(/) 31.i.1984 / M.W. Mansell��� (White rectangle). ��� Cabralis gloriosus / Nav��s, 1912 ♂ / det. M.W. Mansell / 1984��� (White rectangle) [det. Label now outdated]. ��� Cabralis gloriosus / Navas, 1912 / Det JDOswald 1991��� (Small white rectangle) [det. Label now outdated]. ���Paratype / Cabralis / pallidus Bakkes / D.K. Bakkes 2015��� (Large blue rectangle). ���SANC-Pretoria / Database No. / NEUR00297��� (Small blue rectangle). Database no.: NEUR0008; 4♂ 1♀ (SANC), 1♂ 1♀ (BMNH), 1♂ 1♀ (ZMB). Label data: ���SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., / Wylliespoort, Ingwe / Motel, 22.58S / 29.57E. 20���(/) 22.i.1982 / M.W. Mansell��� (White rectangle). ���Beaten from / vegetation��� (White rectangle). ��� Cabralis gloriosus / Nav��s, 1912 ♂ / det. M.W. Mansell / 1982��� (White rectangle) [det. Label now outdated]. ���Paratype / Cabralis / pallidus Bakkes / D.K. Bakkes 2015��� (Large blue rectangle). ���SANC-Pretoria / Database No. / NEUR00008��� (Small blue rectangle). Diagnosis. This species may be distinguished by (1) pronotal pattern of anteriorly-directed white trident shape with distinct widening of middle stripe (Fig. 17), (2) male mediuncus thick curved with smooth margin in lateral view (Fig. 19). Distinguished from C. gloriosus and C. zambeziensis n. sp. by general lighter colour of head and body, and weaker, lighter appearance of forewing (Fig. 16) (lighter colouration incorrectly attributed to age by Tjeder (1960)). Description. ♂ Length body 10���13mm, forewing 17���20mm, hind wing 15���18mm. ♀ Length body 12���14mm, forewing 19���21.5mm, hind wing 17���19.5mm. Head with light yellow hue (Fig. 17). Thorax with pronotum light brownish, anteriorly-directed white tridentlike pattern, comprising middle stripe, two shorter stripes laterally, middle stripe distinctly widened midway (Fig. 17). Wings. Forewing marked with varying number of spots, small and weakly apparent, light brownish and paleyellow (Fig. 16). Abdomen light brown (Fig. 16). Male terminalia. Mediuncus strongly decurved, thick hook shape in lateral view (Fig. 19), apex flattened, bearing setae, dorsal face also bearing setae. Female terminalia. Sternite VII posterior margin deeply depressed, emarginate medially, forming narrow, slender, oblique copulatory fovea in ventral view (Fig. 24); invagination posteriorly directed, hooked shape in lateral view (Fig. 25). Larvae (Fig. 26). Only dorsal aspect described in brief, as no specimen was available for study. Head somewhat flattened, quadrate in dorsal view (Fig. 26), significantly less rounded or oval than in S. rufus, widest midway, slightly narrowing anteriorly towards jaw, distinct occipital corners posteriorly (Fig. 26); abrupt constriction beyond occipital corners, forming tubular section anterior to cervix, short, broad (Fig. 26); anterior margin with conspicuous labrum-like projection between mandible bases, square to trapezoid in shape (Fig. 26); surface area covered in small papillae, imparting rugose texture to cuticle (Fig. 26); antenna slender, length approximately equal to jaws, base just above jaw (Fig. 26); mandible caliper-like, distinctly curved throughout length, base to tip slightly longer than head, with paired maxillae, slender (Fig. 26); mandibles untoothed. Body extended laterally midway, widest at metathorax, narrowing to tip of abdomen (Fig. 26); prothorax narrow, longer than rest of thorax, somewhat trapezoid in shape, widest posteriorly (Fig. 114); dorsal surface with dolichasterine setae, more slender than on rest of body (Fig. 26); body surface posterior to prothorax covered in cup-shaped dolichasters, numerous, small, broad (Fig. 26); abdomen made up of nine segments, tenth as anal papilla, reduced (Fig. 26). Legs generally short, stout with tarsi unjointed (Fig. 26); tarsi terminating in short, paired claws, between which slender empodium with cup-like suction disc, enlarged (Fig. 26). Distribution. South-east Africa: Soutpansberg Mts, Limpopo, South Africa (Fig. 4). Moist and dense forest habitats, often associated with afromontane forests. PLATE III: FIGURES 18���21. Cabralis pallidus n. sp., paratype, male, Ingwe Motel, South Africa, Database no.: NEUR00297. 18. Apex of abdomen, lateral. 19. Genitalia, lateral. 0. Apex of abdomen, dorsal. 21. Genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: 6���9 = tergites 6���9, VI���IX = sternites 6���9, 9gcx = 9th gonocoxite, cc = cercal callus, ect = ectoprocts, gs = gonarcus, med = mediuncus, spp = superprocessus. PLATE IV: FIGURES 22���25. Cabralis pallidus n. sp., paratype, female, Entabeni Forest Reserve, South Africa, Database no.: NEUR00006. 22. Apex of abdomen, lateral. 23. Spermatheca, lateral. 24. Apex of abdomen, ventral. 25. 9th gonocoxite, terminalia, ventrolateral. Abbreviations: 6 ��� 9 = tergites 6 ��� 9, VI ��� IX = sternites 6 ��� 9, 9gcx = 9th gonocoxite, bur = bursa, cc = cercal callus, cf = copulatory fovea, ect = ectoprocts, spe = spermatheca, st = stylus., Published as part of Bakkes, Deon K., Sole, Catherine L. & Mansell, Mervyn W., 2017, Revision of Afrotropical Silky Lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae), pp. 151-212 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on pages 164-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1083970, {"references":["Oswald, J. D. (1993) Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of extant silky lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Psychopsidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 40, 1 - 65.","Tjeder, B. (1960) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 3. Family Psychopsidae. In: B. Hanstrom, P. Brinck, and G. Rudebec (Eds), South African Animal Life. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm, pp. 164 - 209."]}

Cabralis zambeziensis Bakkes n. sp. (Figs. 27 ���36) Cabralis gloriosus Nav��s, 1912a:110 (547), pro parte. Type depository: SANC. Holotype: male. Type locality: Mwinilunga, Zambia (11��45���S 24��25���E). Etymology. From the type locality at the source of the Zambezi river, noun in apposition. Material examined: 7 specimens from Zambia, DRC (JBBC, MRAC, SANC). See table 1. Type material. Holotype: Database no.: NEUR52669; ♂ (SANC). Label data: ��� Zambia / 20km.N. of / Mwinilunga / 11.45S, 24.25E. / 29.x.2006 / A. Gardiner��� (White rectangle). ��� Holotype / Cabralis zambezi- / ensis Bakkes / D.K. Bakkes 2015��� (Large red rectangle). ���SANC-Pretoria / Database No. / NEUR52669 ��� (Small blue rectangle). Abdomen cleared by Bakkes in 2014, placed in a glycerine-filled microvial pinned below specimen. Paratypes: Database no.: NEUR10109; 1♀ (JBBC). Label data: ��� ZAMBIA, Chiwoma / 12.20S 24.14E / 6.xi.2004 / S. Collins��� (White rectangle). ��� Paratype / Cabralis zambezi- / ensis Bakkes / D.K. Bakkes 2015��� (Large blue rectangle). ���SANC-Pretoria / Database No. / NEUR10109 ��� (Small blue rectangle). Database no.: NEUR52670; 1♀ (JBBC), 1♀ (MRAC). Label data: ��� Zambia / Ndola / 12.58S, 28.37E. / 31.x.2006 / A. Gardiner��� (White rectangle). ��� Paratype / Cabralis zambezi- / ensis Bakkes / D.K. Bakkes 2015��� (Large blue rectangle). ���SANC-Pretoria / Database No. / NEUR52670 ��� (Small blue rectangle). Database no.: NEUR52671; 1♀ (JBBC). Label data: ��� Zambia / nr. Munkuntna / 12.43.184S / 27.42.38.2E. / 11.xi.2006 / A. Gardiner��� (White rectangle). ��� Paratype / Cabralis zambezi- / ensis Bakkes / D.K. Bakkes 2015��� (Large blue rectangle). ���SANC-Pretoria / Database No. / NEUR52671 ��� (Small blue rectangle). Diagnosis. This species may be distinguished by (1) pronotal pattern of anteriorly-directed white trident shape with black spot on middle stripe (Fig. 28), (2) male mediuncus thick curved with undulating margin in lateral view (Fig. 30). Description. ♂ Length body 10���13mm, forewing 17���20mm, hind wing 15���18mm. ♀ Length body 12���14mm, forewing 19���21.5mm, hind wing 17���19.5mm. Head with dark yellow hue (Fig. 28). Thorax with pronotum dark brownish with anteriorly-directed white trident-like pattern comprising middle stripe and two shorter stripes laterally, middle stripe bearing black spot midway, small (Fig. 28). Wings. Forewing marked with varying number of spots, large and strongly accentuated, dark brownish and pale yellowish brown (Fig. 27). Abdomen dark brown to blackish (Fig. 27). Male terminalia. Mediuncus strongly decurved, thick hooked shape with undulating margin in lateral view (Fig. 30), apex flattened, bearing setae, dorsal face also bearing setae. Female terminalia. Sternite VII posterior margin deeply depressed, emarginated medially, forming narrow, slender, oblique copulatory fovea in ventral view (Fig. 35); invagination posteriorly directed, hooked-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 36). Distribution. Central Africa: DRC and northern Zambia (Fig. 4). Moist and dense forest habitats. PLATE V: FIGURES 29���32. Cabralis zambeziensis n. sp., holotype, male, Mwinilunga, Zambia, Database no.: NEUR52669. 29. Apex of abdomen, lateral. 30. Genitalia, lateral. 31. Apex of abdomen, ventral. 32. Genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: 6 ��� 9 = tergites 6 ��� 9, VI ��� IX = sternites 6 ��� 9, 9gcx = 9th gonocoxite, cc = cercal callus, ect = ectoprocts, gs = gonarcus, med = mediuncus, spp = superprocessus., Published as part of Bakkes, Deon K., Sole, Catherine L. & Mansell, Mervyn W., 2017, Revision of Afrotropical Silky Lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae), pp. 151-212 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on pages 168-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1083970

Family PSYCHOPSIDAE Handlirsch, 1906 (2803) Psychopsinae Handlirsch, 1906:42 (2803) [Subfamily of Hemerobiidae] Type genus: Psychopsis Newman, 1842:415 (4529) Psychopsini Nav��s, 1912b:194 (549) Psychopsidae Tillyard, 1916:271 (314) Balmesini Nav��s, 1917:207 (0667) Psychopsididae [sic] Martynova, 1949:161 (4050) Etymology. From the type genus Psychopsis (feminine) [from the Ancient Greek psych��, (��υ����) butterfly/moth but also breath, spirit, life, soul, etc.) + ��psis (�������ς) (aspect, appearance���the suffix -opsis is often used in genus names: resembling in appearance) in reference to the broad wings and general resemblance to butterflies.]. Diagnosis. Adults medium-sized to large with very broad wings distinguished by (1) presence of forewing and hind wing triplet vein formation noted by Oswald (1993) and Andersen (2001) collectively termed the vena triplica, comprising the parallel Sc, R1 and Rs veins that run longitudinally just below the wing costal space from the base to the distal portion where the vein formation completes an anastomosis in the pterostigmal region (Fig. 1), (2) the characteristically broad costal space that is at least twice the width of the vena triplica (Fig. 1), (3) the presence of one forewing nygma located basally between veins R and M (Fig. 1) and (4) the presence of at least four (usually>10) crossveins traversing the subcostal space (vena triplica) between its base and anastomosis (Fig.1). Redescription. ♂♀ Length of body 10���22mm, forewing 10���35mm. Head small to medium, short; eyes, large, prominent, compound (Fig. 3); ocelli absent, replaced by two or three distinct, setose pulvinae (sclerites) (Fig. 3A, B); cardo divided into basicardo and disticardo antenna short, moniliform; toruli with one or two antennifers; labrum narrow, margin slightly emarginated; genae very short; labium broad, as long as maxilla; lacinia short, obliquely pointed; galea and lacinia densely pubescent; lingula long, broad, apex slightly emarginated; maxillary palpi moderate length, five-segmented; labial palpi threesegmented, shorter than maxillary palpi, last segment with palpimacula (sensory area), large, elongate; mandibles well developed, acutely pointed, asymmetrical, always with large internal tooth. Thorax macropterous; pronotum short, narrow, colour patterns occasionally (Figs 6, 87); mesonotum broad, large, with scutellum large; metanotum broad, shorter than mesonotum, almost transverse, with scutellum much shorter than that of mesonotum. Legs pale yellowish; tibiae of fore and middle legs distinctly darker at apex; gressorial, short, slender; coxa of foreleg not elongated; tibiae with apical paired spurs, short; tarsi short; terminal segment with paired claws, sharp, curved; empodium weak, broad. Wings broad, somewhat triangular, apices broadly rounded (Figs 1, 5, 38); hind wing narrower than forewing (Figs 1, 5, 38); membrane with microtrichia; longitudinal veins and costal veinlets densely packed with long macrotrichia on dorsal and ventral surfaces; crossveins without setae; trichosors present on margins of fore- and hind wing; pterostigma absent with no rugose thickening of membrane on both fore-and hind wing; costa of fore- and hind wing straight at base; humeral plate extending from margin as short finger-like projection carrying tuft of hairs, especially long in hind wing, followed by excision of wing margin; costal space very broad from base to apex; costal veinlets numerous, generally branched, often connected with cross-veins; humeral vein present, recurrent; subcosta, R1 and Rs strong, closely parallel forming vena triplica supported by at least four crossveins (Fig. 1); forewing vena triplica often but not always connected by strong crossvein distally, forming anastomosis; hind wing vena triplica either anastomosing or tip of subcostal vein atrophied (Fig. 1); R1 and Rs in both pairs of wings always connected by crossvein (Fig. 1); branching of M in forewing variable and inconsistent, often different in left and right wings; anal veins distinct in both pairs of wings, three; wings mottled or marked with spots and fasciae (Figs 5, 38, 98). Male abdomen with well-developed tergites and sternites; pleural regions short (Figs 7, 40, 88); segments one to eight each with one pair of spiracles; eighth pair opens through sides of tergite 8 (Fig. 7); sternite IX specialised, often weak, narrow, supported by strong paired apodemes, placed slightly dorsal of sternite VIII (Figs 7, 42, 80); ectoproct large, dorsally separate, bearing cercal callus with numerous trichobothrial sockets of common multilobed shape (Figs 7, 40, 78); sub-anale distinct, between ectoprocts, below anus, above gonarcus; gonarcus has shape of large transverse arch, bearing posteriorly-directed mediuncus (=arcessus, Tjeder 1960), occasionally with paired extra-hemigonarcal processes (Figs 41, 66); 9th gonocoxites often fused medially forming horizontal arch, its ends articulating with lower ends of gonarcus (Figs 9, 10, 41, 43, 92, 93). Hypandrium internum present, small. Female abdomen with enlarged terminalia appearing as large, ball-like, laterally compressed structure (Figs 22, 61, 106); segments one to eight each with one pair of spiracles; eighth pair opens through downwardsprolonged sides of tergite 8 (Fig. 33); sternite VII modified, apex excised medially, posteromedian margin often introverted (Figs 24, 72, 124); tergite 8 narrow, its sides prolonged downwards, sometimes reaching ventral level of abdomen (Figs 94, 122); pleural region between tergites 8���9 narrow, frequently sclerotised, forming apodeme-like structure (Figs 11, 45, 122); tergite 9 fused posteriorly with ectoprocts, enlarged ventrally (Figs 11, 45, 106); ectoprocts dorsally free but apically fused, each bearing cercal callus with numerous trichobothrial sockets of common multi-lobed shape (Figs 11, 45, 106); apex of ectoproct infolded, setose; sub-anale large, below anus, setose; 9th gonocoxites form paired slender structures membranously connected to one another, their longitudinal costae strong (Figs 36, 97), vertical torsion range of 90�� in large abdominal chamber; 9th gonocoxite bears spines longitudinally, apex with stylus as wart- or thumb-like process clothed in claw- or spade-like spines (Figs 50, 110); two kinds of suprastylar setae at apex, one simple and one with flattened, often angled, apex termed cochleariform setae (Figs 14, 110); abdominal chamber formed by enlarged ventral sides of tergite 9, opens ventrally between lower parts of tergite 9, aperture closed by dense, felt-like fringes of setae issuing from margins of tergite that fold inwards (Figs 24, 96); sternite VIII present, greatly reduced in Afrotropical species, located behind apex of sternite VII (24, 72, 109); bursa has shape of large, membraneous sac, its ventral margins confluent with dorsum of elongate, sclerotised spermatheca (Figs 23, 71); spermatheca with ventral portion comprising strongly sclerotised, brownish pigmented, elongate structure of varying shape, having ventrally-directed processes, narrow slit on dorsomedial aspect broadly connects membraneously to bursa (Figs 23, 70, 95); bursa sometimes with accessory structures. Distribution. Disjunct tripartite distribution in the Afrotropical and Australasian regions with records from sub-saharan Africa, Australia (mostly eastern parts) and south-east Asia. Included Taxa. Three subfamilies: Zygophlebiinae, Silveirainae subfam. nov. and Psychopsinae (the latter is untreated in this revision)., Published as part of Bakkes, Deon K., Sole, Catherine L. & Mansell, Mervyn W., 2017, Revision of Afrotropical Silky Lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae), pp. 151-212 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on pages 155-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1083970, {"references":["Handlirsch, A. (1906) Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. W. Engelmann, Leipzig.","Newman, E. (1842) Entomological Notes. Entomologist 1842, 413 - 415.","Tillyard, R. J. (1916) Studies in Australian Neuroptera. No. iv. The families Ithonidae, Hemerobiidae, Sisyridae, Berothidae, and the new family Trichomatidae; with a discussion of their characters and relationships, and descriptions of new and little-known genera and species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 41, 269 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 15316","Navas, L. (1917) Ensayo monografico de la familia de los Sicopsidos (Ins. Neur.). In: Asociacion Espanola para el Progreso de las Ciencias, Congreso de Valiadolid (5 th, held October 1915), pp. 181 - 210.","Martynova, O. M. (1949) Mesozoic lacewings (Neuroptera) and their bearing on concepts of phylogeny and systematics of the order. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 20, 150 - 170.","Oswald, J. D. (1993) Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of extant silky lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Psychopsidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 40, 1 - 65.","Andersen, S. (2001) Silky lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) from the Eocene-Paleocene transition of Denmark with a review of the fossil record and comments on phylogeny and zoogeography. Insect Systematics and Evolution, 32, 419 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631201 X 00290","Tjeder, B. (1960) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 3. Family Psychopsidae. In: B. Hanstrom, P. Brinck, and G. Rudebec (Eds), South African Animal Life. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm, pp. 164 - 209."]}

Silveira marshalli (McLachlan, 1902) (392) (Figs. 112 –123) Psychopsis marshalli McLachlan, 1902:234 (392) Psychophasis marshalli (McLachlan): Krüger 1922:28 (3477) Silveira marshalli (McLachlan): Kimmins 1939:153 (206) Psychopsis nebulosa Van der Weele, 1907:146 (419); Kimmins 1939:153 (206) Zygophlebius nebulosa (Van der Weele): Navás, 1917:00 (667) Silveira marmoratus Navás, 1912b:196 (549); Kimmins 1939:153 (206) Type depository: BMNH. Holotype: male. Type locality: Salisbury (now Harare), Zimbabwe (17°43’S 31°05’E). PLATE XXI: FIGURES 114–119. Silveira marshalli, holotype, male, Salisbury (Harare), Zimbabwe, Database no.: BMNH00229. 114. Apex of abdomen, lateral. 115. Genitalia, lateral. 116. Apex of abdomen, dorsal. 117. Genitalia, dorsal. 118. Apex of abdomen, ventral. 119. Genitalia, caudal. Abbreviations: 6 – 9 = tergites 6 – 9, VI – IX = sternites 6 – 9, 9gcx = 9th gonocoxite, cc = cercal callus, ect = ectoprocts, gs = gonarcus, med = mediuncus. Etymology. From the original description: dedicated to Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall. Material examined: 96 specimens from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia (BMNH, NMBZ, SANC, TMSA). See table 1. Type material examined: Holotype: Database no.: BMNH00229; ♂ (BMNH). Label data: ‘SALISBURY / Mashonaland / Feb. 1900 / G.A.K. Marshall.’ (White rectangle). ‘ Psychopsis / marshalli det.[illeg.]’ (White rectangle). ‘Type’ (Red bordered label). ‘Type’ (Pink rectangle). ‘BMNH(E) / 1253658/[QR code]’ (White rectangle). ‘McLachlan Coll. / B.M.1938-674.’ (Blue rectangle). Abdomen cleared by Bakkes in 2014, placed in a glycerine-filled microvial pinned below specimen. Diagnosis. Adults of this species may be distinguished by (1) male ectoprocts with broadly angular, inwardlydirected dilatation on ventral margin (Figs 116, 118), (2) male mediuncus thin with spine-like distal portion (Fig. 115) with dorsolateral lobes broad to posteriorly narrowing (Fig. 117), (3) female spermatheca with ventral hooked processes stout and placed closer to midway than distally (Fig. 121), and (4) female copulatory fovea broadly chordate with thick dividing ridge (Fig. 122). PLATE XXII: FIGURES 120–123. Silveira marshalli, female, Mutare, Zimbabwe, Database no.: NEUR 05582. 120. Apex of abdomen, lateral. 121. Spermatheca, lateral. 122. Apex of abdomen, ventral. 123. 9th gonocoxite, Terminalia, ventrolateral. Abbreviations: 6 – 9 = tergites 6 – 9, VI – IX = sternites 6 – 9, 9gcx = 9th gonocoxite, cc = cercal callus, cf = copulatory fovea, ect = ectoprocts, spe = spermatheca, st = stylus. Redescription. ♂ Length body 10–13mm, forewing 15–18mm, hind wing 12–15mm; forewing width 8– 10.5mm. ♀ Length body 10–13mm, forewing 18–21.5mm, hind wing 15–18.5mm; forewing width 10–13mm. Head brownish; face and mouthparts yellowish. Thorax with pronotum dark brown; medial stripe whitishyellow, sometimes distinctly narrowing; paired yellow spots laterally about stripe (over raised tubercles); spots at anterior margin, yellow, sometimes formed as broad stripe, occasionally absent (Fig. 113). Wings whitish grey. Forewing mottling generally dark grey, white and dark brown (Fig. 112), sometimes more uniformly greyish with almost linear, small blackish spots, occasionally whitish with relatively sparse greyish mottling; dense pubescence white, interspersed with dark brown in disc and margins of wing (Fig. 112). Hind wing unmarked, mildly setose, white (Fig. 112); iridescent in green and reddish blue. Venation pale yellowish, brown in dark spots of forewing, completely pale in hind wing; costal gradate series well developed (> 20 crossveins); outermost discal gradate series well developed (Fig. 112). Abdomen blackish brown ground colour; pubescence long, pale mixed with black (Fig. 112). Male terminalia. Ectoprocts prominent, dorsally rounded with prong at apex slightly recurved ventrally (Fig. 114), lower margin with distinct inwardly-directed dilatation angular, visible in dorsal and ventral view (Figs 116, 118); mediuncus elongate, slightly decurved, slender spine-like tapering to distinctly acute apex (Figs 115, 117, 119); dorsolateral lobes present on basal portion of mediuncus, prominent, bearing setae, each lobe narrowing posteriorly in dorsal view (Figs 117). Female terminalia. Sternite VII short, posteroventral invagination occupying approximately half its ventral length (Figs 120, 122); invagination glossy, forming copulatory fovea, broadly chordate in shape, as pit divided by thick ridge in anterior portion (Fig. 122); hind margin at copulatory fovea narrowly to moderately split (Fig. 122); spermatheca hosting downwardly-directed prongs, stout, curved, blunt at apex, located close to midway (Fig. 121). Distribution. South-east and central Africa: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Malawi and Zambia (Fig. 75). Widely distributed and often associated with dry woodland and savannah habitat types. Sympatric with S. rufus., Published as part of Bakkes, Deon K., Sole, Catherine L. & Mansell, Mervyn W., 2017, Revision of Afrotropical Silky Lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae), pp. 151-212 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on pages 200-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1083970, {"references":["Mclachlan, R. (1902) A second African species of Psychopsis: Ps. marshalli, McLach. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 38, 234 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17213","Kruger, L. (1922) Psychopsidae. Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Neuropteren-Familie der Psychopsiden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 83, 17 - 48.","Kimmins, D. E. (1939) A Review of the Genera of the Psychopsidae (Neuroptera), with a Description of a New Species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11, 144 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933908526978","Navas, L. (1917) Ensayo monografico de la familia de los Sicopsidos (Ins. Neur.). In: Asociacion Espanola para el Progreso de las Ciencias, Congreso de Valiadolid (5 th, held October 1915), pp. 181 - 210."]}

Cabralis gloriosus Nav��s, 1912a (547) (Figs. 5 ���15) Cabralis gloriosus Nav��s, 1912a:110 (547) Type depository: BMNH. Holotype: male. Type locality: Beira, Mozambique (19��49���S 34��52���E). Etymology. Not originally stated, however, probably from Latin gloriosus, - a, - um, adjective (glorious, full of glory; famous, renowned). Probably referring to both Pedro ��lvares Cabral and the striking beauty of the species (Pantaleoni, pers. comm.). Material examined: 29 specimens from Zimbabwe, Mozambique (BMNH, NMBZ, SANC, TMSA). See table 1. Type material examined. Holotype: Database no.: BMNH00231; ♂ (BMNH). Label data: ���Port. E. Afr. / Beira. / G.A.K. Marshall. / 1907-52.��� (White rectangle). ���Cabralis / gloriosus / Nav.��� (White rectangle). ���Type��� (Red bordered label). ���BMNH(E) / 1239051��� (White rectangle). Abdomen cleared by Bakkes in 2014, placed in a glycerine-filled microvial pinned below specimen. Diagnosis. Adults of species may be distinguished by (1) pronotal pattern of anteriorly-directed white trident shape with minor thickening on middle stripe (Fig. 6), (2) male mediuncus thin curved in lateral view (Fig. 8). Redescription. ♂ Length body 10���13mm, forewing 17���20mm, hind wing 15���18mm. ♀ Length body 12���14mm, forewing 19���21.5mm, hind wing 17���19.5mm. Head with dark yellow hue. Thorax with pronotum dark brownish with anteriorly-directed white trident-like pattern comprising middle stripe and two shorter lateral stripes, middle stripe with minor thickening (Fig. 6). Wings. Forewing marked with varying number of spots, large and strong, dark brownish and pale yellowish brown (Fig. 5). Abdomen dark brown, blackish. Male terminalia. Mediuncus strongly decurved, very long, narrow hook shape in lateral view (Fig. 8), apex flattened, bearing setae, dorsal face also bearing setae. Female terminalia. Sternite VII posterior margin deeply depressed, emarginate medially, forming narrow, slender, oblique copulatory fovea in ventral view (Fig. 13); invagination internal, posteriorly-directed, hook shape in lateral view (visible after maceration). Egg. Length �� 1.5mm by width �� 0.7mm Eggs laid singly in low numbers (observed specimen laid only one egg); not stalked (Fig. 15), oval in shape, reduced anterior micropylar projection (Fig. 15); gelatinous secretion for granular adhesion as noted by Tillyard (1919a) in Psychopsis elegans (Gu��rin-M��neville, [1844]); coated in green, brown, whitish material seemingly derived from leaf or bark detritus (Fig. 15); bearing small, singly placed hairs protruding past outer margins (Fig. 15); egg laid in late January from wild-caught individual; egg was not reared. Distribution. South-east Africa: eastern Zimbabwe, Mozambique (Fig. 4). Moist and dense forest habitats, often associated with afromontane forests., Published as part of Bakkes, Deon K., Sole, Catherine L. & Mansell, Mervyn W., 2017, Revision of Afrotropical Silky Lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae), pp. 151-212 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on page 164, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1083970, {"references":["Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Iconographie du Regne-Animal de G. Cuvier: ou Representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. In: Insectes. Bailliere, Paris, 576 pp."]}

Zygophlebius zebra (Brauer, 1889) (1708) (Figs. 63 –74) Psychopsis zebra Brauer, 1889:102 (1708) Zygophlebius zebra zebra Navás, 1917:203 (667); Oswald 1993:58 (7341) Notopsychops zebra (Brauer): Tillyard 1919a:759 (324) Nothopsychops zebra (Brauer) [sic]: Tjeder 1960:193 (6044) Psychomorphe zebra (Brauer): Krüger 1922:28 (3477) Type depository: NHMW. Holotype: female. Type locality: Taveta, Kenya (03°23’S 37°40’E). Etymology. Not originally stated, however probably from ‘zebra’, the common name (of Italian origin) of some African equids, in reference to the striping of the fore-wings of holotype. Noun in apposition. Material examined: 8 specimens from Tanzania, Kenya (NHMW, NMKE, SAMC). See table 1. PLATE XI: FIGURES 59–62. Zygophlebius pseudosilveira, female, Hoogenoeg, South Africa, Database no.: NEUR52509. 59. Apex of abdomen, lateral. 60. Spermatheca, lateral. 61. Apex of abdomen, ventral. 62. 9th gonocoxite, Terminalia, lateral. Abbreviations: 6 – 9 = tergites 6 – 9, VI – IX = sternites 6 – 9, 9gcx = 9th gonocoxite, bur = bursa, cc = cercal callus, cd = corniform diverticula, cf = copulatory fovea, ect = ectoprocts, spe = spermatheca, st = stylus. Type material unable to be examined (taxon easily recognisable without reference to type) Holotype: Database no.: NHMW00027; ♀ (NHMW). Label data (Following Oswald 1994): ‘Holnel / Ost- / Afrika / 1889 / Taveta’ (White rectangle). ‘ Psychopsis / zebra’ (White rectangle). ‘ zebra / det. Brauer’ (White rectangle). ‘Typus’ (Red rectangle). ‘♀’ (White rectangle with wing). ‘Coll. Nat. Mus. Wien.’ (Yellow rectangle). ‘Zygophlebius zebra / (Brauer, 1889) / HOLOTYPE / Det JD Oswald 1992’ (White rectangle). Diagnosis. Adults of this species may be distinguished by (1) male mediuncus weakly recurved, with bracketlike distal portion (Fig. 66), and (2) female sternite VII copulatory fovea with short, but prominent protuberance at posterior end (sagittal carina) (Fig. 74). Redescription. ♂ Length body 11–13mm, forewing 17–21mm, hind wing 15–19mm. ♀ Length body 13–15mm, forewing 18–22mm, hind wing 16–19mm. Head shiny brown. Thorax with pronotum shape generally longer than wide; yellowish brown cuticle without distinct patterning (Fig. 64). Wings translucent yellowish. Forewing with transverse yellowish-brown bars proximally strong becoming weaker distally (Fig. 63), bars indistinct in some specimens; discal gradate series unmarked (Fig. 63). Hind wing generally unmarked; apical margins solid yellowish (Fig. 63). PLATE XII: FIGURES 65–68. Zygophlebius zebra, male, Sokoke Forest, Kenya, Database no.: NMKE 00002. 65. Apex of abdomen, lateral. 66. Genitalia, lateral. 67. Apex of abdomen, ventral. 68. Genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: 7 – 9 = tergites 7 – 9, VII – IX = sternites 7 – 9, 9gcx = 9th gonocoxite, cc = cercal callus, ect = ectoprocts, ehgp = extra-hemigonarcal process, gs = gonarcus, med = mediuncus. Abdomen yellowish brown (Fig. 63); setae yellowish. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII indistinctly prolonged at apex (Fig. 67); gonarcus hosting extra-hemigonarcal process with large, projecting, brownish apex (Figs 66, 68); mediuncus large but narrow, less than half its length distal to basal portion (Fig. 66); apex weakly recurved forming bracket-like shape, tip claw-like, hooked, lacking setal brushes sub-apically (Fig. 66); dorsal surface of mediuncus concave (Figs 67, 68); basal portion of mediuncus with angular, knob-like lobes placed dorsally, small (Fig. 68). Female terminalia. Sternite VII with posteriorly emarginated copulatory fovea presenting central projecting protuberance short, but prominent, arising from sagittal carina of sternite VII (Figs 72, 74); copulatory fovea as small, non-spheroidal pit, bearing minute appendix compressed anteriorly (Figs 72, 74); posterior margins of sternite VII not recurved lateral to parasagittal prominences (Fig. 72); bursa with corniform diverticula present, supporting two ducts each (Figs 70, 71). Distribution. East Africa: Tanzania and Kenya (Fig. 37). Moist forest habitats, often associated with coastal forests. PLATE XIII: FIGURES 69–74. Zygophlebius zebra, female, Sokoke Forest, Kenya, Database no.: NMKE 00004. 69. Apex of abdomen, lateral. 70. Spermatheca, lateral. 71. Spermatheca, anterior. 72. Apex of abdomen, ventral. 73. 9th gonocoxite, lateral. –74. Terminalia, ventrolateral. Abbreviations: 6 – 9 = tergites 6 – 9, VI – IX = sternites 6 – 9, 9gcx = 9th gonocoxite, bur = bursa, cc = cercal callus, cd = corniform diverticula, cf = copulatory fovea, ect = ectoprocts, spe = spermatheca, st = stylus., Published as part of Bakkes, Deon K., Sole, Catherine L. & Mansell, Mervyn W., 2017, Revision of Afrotropical Silky Lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae), pp. 151-212 in Zootaxa 4362 (2) on pages 181-185, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1083970, {"references":["Brauer, F. (1889) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Psychopsis-Arten. Annalen des KK Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Wien, 4, 101 - 103.","Navas, L. (1917) Ensayo monografico de la familia de los Sicopsidos (Ins. Neur.). In: Asociacion Espanola para el Progreso de las Ciencias, Congreso de Valiadolid (5 th, held October 1915), pp. 181 - 210.","Oswald, J. D. (1993) Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of extant silky lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Psychopsidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 40, 1 - 65.","Tjeder, B. (1960) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 3. Family Psychopsidae. In: B. Hanstrom, P. Brinck, and G. Rudebec (Eds), South African Animal Life. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm, pp. 164 - 209.","Kruger, L. (1922) Psychopsidae. Beitrage zu einer Monographie der Neuropteren-Familie der Psychopsiden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 83, 17 - 48.","Oswald, J. D. (1994) Revision of the African silky lacewing genus Zygophlebius Navas (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae). African Entomology, 2, 83 - 96."]}