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Item does not contain fulltext, Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.

Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.

In eerder KLIMAP-onderzoek is aangetoond dat voor grondmonsters waarin klei met zand was gemengd afwijkende waterretentie- en doorlatendheidskarakteristieken werden gemeten in vergelijking tot die voor zand waar geen klei aan was toegevoegd (Heinen et al., 2022). In dat onderzoek waren veldmonsters gestoken uit een perceel waar de klei in relatief grote brokken door het zand was gemengd. In die studie werd de aanbeveling gedaan om de waterretentie- en doorlatendheidskarakteristieken ook een keer te bepalen in klei-in-zand mengsels waarin de klei uniformer is verdeeld. Dit rapport beschrijft de waterretentie- en doorlatendheidskarakteristieken zoals gemeten in met de hand gecreëerde klei-in-zand mengsels waarbij de klei vooraf was gebroken en gezeefd. De karakteristieken worden vergeleken met die gemeten in de veldmonsters zoals gerapporteerd in Heinen et al. (2022).

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the safety and pharmacodynamic effects of selective muscarinic M1 receptor orthosteric agonist HTL0018318 in 60 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) on background donepezil 10 mg/day. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 4-week safety study of HTL0018318 with up-titration and maintenance phases, observing exploratory effects on electrophysiological biomarkers and cognition. RESULTS: Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild and less frequently reported during maintenance versus titration. Headache was most commonly reported (7-21%); 0 to 13% reported cholinergic TEAEs (abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea) and two patients discontinued due to TEAEs. At 1 to 2 hours post-dose, HTL0018318-related mean maximum elevations in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 5 to 10 mmHg above placebo were observed during up-titration but not maintenance. Postive effects of HTL0018318 were found on specific attention and memory endpoints. DISCUSSION: HTL0018318 was well tolerated in mild-to-moderate AD patients and showed positive effects on attention and episodic memory on top of therapeutic doses of donepezil.

Hydrophysical soil properties describe the interaction between water and soil and are crucial properties for a wide range of applications. This report describes the data from 2021 to be added to the Dutch National Key Registry of the Subsurface (BRO) (approximately 300 samples, compared with 240 samples in the 2019 update). The 2021 data concern soil samples analysed in the period after the 2019 update. They consist of large data series per sample and can be used in many ways. This significant enlargement of the database was made possible through collaboration with other projects. This report also explains the data structure for hydrophysical data in the BRO. WENR wants to play an active role in the implementation of the hydrophysical dataset under the INSPIRE Directive and we think this is now possible with the sound basis that is created in the BRO. SOPHIE (Soil Program on Hydro-Physics via International Engagement) and GLOSOLAN (Global Soil Laboratory network) are also working hard on harmonising hydrophysical data., Hydrofysische bodemeigenschappen zijn eigenschappen die de interactie tussen water en bodem beschrijven; ze zijn cruciaal voor een breed toepassingsgebied. Dit rapport beschrijft de in de Basisregistratie Ondergrond toe te voegen data van 2021 (circa 300 monsters tegen 240 monsters in de update 2019): de data uit 2021 hebben betrekking op monsters die geanalyseerd zijn in de periode na de update van 2019. Dit zijn grote datareeksen per monster die op vele manieren gebruikt kunnen worden. Deze aanzienlijke uitbreiding was mogelijk door samenwerking met andere projecten. Dit rapport geeft verder een toelichting op de datastructuur voor hydrofysische data in BRO, de zogenaamde BRO Realisatie Landelijke Voorziening. Vanuit WENR willen we graag een actieve bijdrage leveren aan de implementatie van de hydrofysische dataset binnen de INSPIRE Kaderrichtlijn (infrastructuur voor ruimtelijke gegevens in Europa). We denken dit te kunnen doen vanwege de solide basis die nu gelegd is in de BRO. Binnen de organisaties van SOPHIE (Soil Program on Hydro-Physics via International Engagement) en GLOSOLAN (Global Soil Laboratory Network) wordt daarnaast hard gewerkt aan harmonisatie van hydrofysische gegevens.

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis copy number variant (ENIGMA‐CNV) and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Working Groups (22q‐ENIGMA WGs) were created to gain insight into the involvement of genetic factors in human brain development and related cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral manifestations. To that end, the ENIGMA‐CNV WG has collated CNV and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from ~49,000 individuals across 38 global research sites, yielding one of the largest studies to date on the effects of CNVs on brain structures in the general population. The 22q‐ENIGMA WG includes 12 international research centers that assessed over 533 individuals with a confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, 40 with 22q11.2 duplications, and 333 typically developing controls, creating the largest‐ever 22q11.2 CNV neuroimaging data set. In this review, we outline the ENIGMA infrastructure and procedures for multi‐site analysis of CNVs and MRI data. So far, ENIGMA has identified effects of the 22q11.2, 16p11.2 distal, 15q11.2, and 1q21.1 distal CNVs on subcortical and cortical brain structures. Each CNV is associated with differences in cognitive, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric traits, with characteristic patterns of brain structural abnormalities. Evidence of gene‐dosage effects on distinct brain regions also emerged, providing further insight into genotype–phenotype relationships. Taken together, these results offer a more comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms involved in typical and atypical brain development. This “genotype‐first” approach also contributes to our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of brain disorders. Finally, we outline future directions to better understand effects of CNVs on brain structure and behavior.

Importance Large-scale neuroimaging studies have revealed group differences in cortical thickness across many psychiatric disorders. The underlying neurobiology behind these differences is not well understood. Objective To determine neurobiologic correlates of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls in 6 disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia. Design, Setting, and Participants Profiles of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Similarity between interregional profiles of cell-specific gene expression and those in the group differences in cortical thickness were investigated in each disorder. Next, principal component analysis was used to reveal a shared profile of group difference in thickness across the disorders. Analysis for gene coexpression, clustering, and enrichment for genes associated with these disorders were conducted. Data analysis was conducted between June and December 2019. The analysis included 145 cohorts across 6 psychiatric disorders drawn from the ENIGMA consortium. The numbers of cases and controls in each of the 6 disorders were as follows: ADHD: 1814 and 1602; ASD: 1748 and 1770; BD: 1547 and 3405; MDD: 2658 and 3572; OCD: 2266 and 2007; and schizophrenia: 2688 and 3244. Main Outcomes and Measures Interregional profiles of group difference in cortical thickness between cases and controls. Results A total of 12 721 cases and 15 600 controls, ranging from ages 2 to 89 years, were included in this study. Interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness for each of the 6 psychiatric disorders were associated with profiles of gene expression specific to pyramidal (CA1) cells, astrocytes (except for BD), and microglia (exce

Bodemverdichting, dus zowel de verdichting van de onder- als bovengrond, is een aantasting van de fysische kwaliteit van de bodem en is volgens de Europese Bodemstrategie een van de belangrijkste vormen van bodemdegradatie in Europa. Veel nadelige effecten van bodemverdichting zijn bekend, zoals gereduceerde gewasopbrengsten door nat- en droogteschade en een slechte infiltratie van water. Door een slechte infiltratie van water ontstaat een verhoogd risico op oppervlakkige afspoeling, waardoor ook nutriënten en schadelijke stoffen in grote hoeveelheden versneld in het oppervlaktewater terecht kunnen komen. Ondergrondverdichting, dit is verdichting beneden de bouwvoor, heeft dezelfde nadelige effecten als oppervlakkige bodemverdichting. Ondergrondverdichting is slecht zichtbaar en daardoor een sluipende oorzaak van problemen. Bijna 50% van de Nederlandse landbouwondergronden is verdicht. Ondergrondverdichting lijkt meer problemen te geven door klimaatverandering: de effecten van hogere neerslagintensiteiten en langere droogteperioden worden duidelijker merkbaar. Zware landbouwvoertuigen in natte omstandigheden en het ploegen met één wiel in de bouwvoor zijn over het algemeen de belangrijkste oorzaken van boven- en ondergrondverdichting en structuurverlies van de bodem. In dit project is op twee proeflocaties met een zand- en zavelbodem onderzocht of door maatregelen de verdichting kan worden beperkt. De hypothese in voorliggend onderzoek is dat de ondergrondverdichting verminderd kan worden door het gelijktijdig toepassen van twee maatregelen: 1. Gebruik een bodemmanagementsysteem (mechanische bewerking) dat verdichting voorkomt. 2. Laat de bodem zich door de jaren heen op natuurlijke wijze herstellen. Het werk richt zich op het toetsen van deze hypothese. In het onderzoek zijn uitgebreide veldmetingen, hydrofysische laboratoriummetingen en SWAP-modelberekeningen uitgevoerd.

A common limitation of neuroimaging studies is their small sample sizes. To overcome this hurdle, the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium combines neuroimaging data from many institutions worldwide. However, this introduces heterogeneity due to different scanning devices and sequences. ENIGMA projects commonly address this heterogeneity with random-effects meta-analysis or mixed-effects mega-analysis. Here we tested whether the batch adjustment method, ComBat, can further reduce site-related heterogeneity and thus increase statistical power. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, mixed-effects mega-analyses and ComBat mega-analyses to compare cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes between 2897 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 3141 healthy controls from 33 sites. Specifically, we compared the imaging data between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, covarying for age and sex. The use of ComBat substantially increased the statistical significance of the findings as compared to random-effects meta-analyses. The findings were more similar when comparing ComBat with mixed-effects mega-analysis, although ComBat still slightly increased the statistical significance. ComBat also showed increased statistical power when we repeated the analyses with fewer sites. Results were nearly identical when we applied the ComBat harmonization separately for cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes. Therefore, we recommend applying the ComBat function to attenuate potential effects of site in ENIGMA projects and other multi-site structural imaging work. We provide easy-to-use functions in R that work even if imaging data are partially missing in some brain regions, and they can be trained with one data set and then applied to another (a requirement for some analyses such as machine learning).

Programming is everywhere, and is becoming an increasingly essential component of knowledge work outside the realms of traditional software development. Examples include data journalism, scientific computing, machine control, machine learning, financial management, and others. A key aspect of this trend is that users have to use programming tools, but typically lack programming education, let alone a computer science background. In this short paper we revisit potential assumptions and preconceptions underlying traditional programming system design, from the perspective of practicing scientists using tools like MATLAB, R, Bash, Python, C++, and others. Specifically, we aim to peel off some ingrained assumptions that have informed programming language and system design for decades. Without giving a lot of answers, we hope some of our contrarian observations may turn out to be controversial, and stimulate a meaningful discussion towards a better programmer experience in the domain of science.

A common limitation of neuroimaging studies is their small sample sizes. To overcome this hurdle, the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium combines neuroimaging data from many institutions worldwide. However, this introduces heterogeneity due to different scanning devices and sequences. ENIGMA projects commonly address this heterogeneity with random-effects meta-analysis or mixed-effects mega-analysis. Here we tested whether the batch adjustment method, ComBat, can further reduce site-related heterogeneity and thus increase statistical power. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, mixed-effects mega-analyses and ComBat mega-analyses to compare cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes between 2897 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 3141 healthy controls from 33 sites. Specifically, we compared the imaging data between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, covarying for age and sex. The use of ComBat substantially increased the statistical significance of the findings as compared to random-effects meta-analyses. The findings were more similar when comparing ComBat with mixed-effects mega-analysis, although ComBat still slightly increased the statistical significance. ComBat also showed increased statistical power when we repeated the analyses with fewer sites. Results were nearly identical when we applied the ComBat harmonization separately for cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes. Therefore, we recommend applying the ComBat function to attenuate potential effects of site in ENIGMA projects and other multi-site structural imaging work. We provide easy-to-use functions in R that work even if imaging data are partially missing in some brain regions, and they can be trained with one data set and then applied to another (a requirement for some analyses such as machine learning).

In 2001 the first complete database of soil physical properties, water retention and hydraulic conductivity, of 18 top soils and 18 subsoils of the Netherlands was published. This database, known as the Staring series, provides a full coverage of soil horizons for all of the soil units on the Dutch soil map 1:50 000. In the period 2012-2018 new soil samples have been added to the database and an update of the mean retention and conductivity parameters has been realized: Staring series, update 2018., Stapsgewijs is in het verleden de Staringreeks ontwikkeld, waarbij sinds 2001 voor alle achttien bovengronden en achttien ondergronden gemiddelde waterretentie- en doorlatendheids-karakteristieken beschikbaar waren. De reeks geeft een landelijke dekking van bodemhorizonten voor alle op de Bodemkaart van Nederland schaal 1:50 000 onderscheiden bodemeenheden. In de periode 2012-2018 zijn in totaal 167 nieuwe monsters verzameld in het kader van BIS-Nederland (Bodemkundig Informatie Systeem) en de Basisregistratie Ondergrond (BRO). Samen met de oude reeks gebaseerd op 832 monsters is hiermee een (gewogen) update van de Staringreeks 2018 gerealiseerd. Het betreft alleen de update van de tabelvorm en de klasse-vertaalfuncties.

Soil hydro-physics (SHP) properties are the key properties that determine soil–water interactions. As water is the primary transport medium for dissolved compounds, such as nitrogen, phosphates, pesticides, antibiotics, organic matter, etc., SHP properties are also important for the transport behaviour of these substances. Examples of these properties are water retention, saturated/unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, shrinkage and swelling, organic matter content, texture (particle distribution), structure (soil aggregation/pore structure), density and capillary rise. SHP properties are determinants in research areas related to soil-water conditions: food security (drought and water damage), agricultural development (precision drainage, irrigation), soil salinisation and sodification (evaporation and capillary rise equilibrium), soil greenhouse gas emissions (N2O, CO2), nature conservation (wet and dry ecosystem types), sustainable land use and healthy soils (function allocation), water quality (nutrients, contaminants, antibiotics, percolation, leaching and run-off to groundwater and surface water), flooding and ponding (dike stability, infiltration, soil water repellency) and infrastructural damage (soil shrinkage). Given the increasing demand for current data of high quality and the fact that existing databases lack sufficient potential for upscaling, this project serves as a means to generate additional high quality data each year. The SHP properties and related meta information are implemented in the BIS soil information system and from 2021 will be implemented in the Key Register of the Subsurface (BRO) database as well. Currently there are 240 samples linked to profile descriptions and other meta information in the BIS database., Hydrofysische eigenschappen van de bodem zijn dè eigenschappen die de interactie tussen water en bodem beschrijven. Water vormt het voornaamste transportmedium van opgeloste stoffen in de bodem, zoals nitraten, fosfaten, zouten, pesticiden, antibiotica, organisch materiaal. Daarom zijn hydrofysische bodemgegevens ook voor het transportgedrag voor deze stoffen van groot belang. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn onder meer waterretentie, waterdoorlatendheid, krimp en zwel, organisch stofgehalte, korrelgrootteverdeling (textuur), bodemaggregatie en macroporiën (structuur), dichtheid, en capillaire opstijging. Hydrofysische bodemgegevens zijn bepalend in toepassingsgebieden die te maken hebben met de bodem-waterconditie: voedselzekerheid (droogte- en waterschade), landbouw (precisiedrainage, irrigatie), bodemverzilting en bodemalkalinisatie (verdamping en capillaire opstijging), broeikasgasemissies vanuit de bodem (N2O, CO2), natuurbehoud (natte en droge natuurtypen), duurzaam landgebruik en ‘healthy soils’ (functie allocatie), waterkwaliteit (nutriënten, contaminanten, antibiotica, uit- en afspoeling naar grond- en oppervlaktewater), overstromingen en plasvorming (dijkstabiliteit, infiltratie, waterafstotendheid), en infrastructurele schade door bodemdaling (zwel en krimp en oxidatie van veen als gevolg van ontwatering). Omdat er groeiende behoefte is aan actuele gegevens van hoge kwaliteit en omdat de huidige databases nog onvoldoende opschalingsmogelijkheden bieden, worden in onderhavig project jaarlijks aanvullende kwalitatief hoogwaardige gegevens gegenereerd. De hydrofysische gegevens van de bodem en de bijbehorende beschrijvende gegevens zijn ondergebracht in het Bodemkundig Informatie Systeem (BIS) en worden vanaf 2021 ook ondergebracht in de Basisregistratie Ondergrond (BRO). Momenteel zijn er 240 monsters, gekoppeld aan profielbeschrijvingen en andere meta-informatie, in BIS opgenomen.

Webinar 27 oktober 2020, Praktijkfestival Ondergrond. In de BRO (Basisregistratie Ondergrond) zullen op termijn ook bodemfysische gegevens beschikbaar komen en de grondwaterdynamiekkaart. Na een korte toelichting op beide thema’s gaan we graag het gesprek aan over: Welke data zijn voor u interessant? In welke vorm moeten deze data aangeboden worden? In hoeverre past dit binnen de BRO?

Soil Hydro-Physics (SHP) properties are the key properties that determine soil–water interactions. As water is the primary transport medium for dissolved compounds, such as nitrogen, phosphates, pesticides, antibiotics, organicmatter, etc., Therefore SHP-properties are also important for the transport behaviour of these substances. Examplesof these properties are water retention, -(un)saturated hydraulic conductivity, shrinkage and swelling, organic matter content, texture (particle distribution), structure (soil aggregation/pore structure), density and capillary rise.SHP-properties are determinants in research areas related to soil-water conditions: food security (drought andwater damage), agricultural development (precision drainage, irrigation), soil salinisation and sodification(evaporation and capillary rise equilibrium), soil greenhouse gas emissions (N2O, CO2), nature conservation (wet and dry ecosystem types), sustainable land use and healthy soils (function allocation), water quality (nutrients,contaminants, antibiotics, percolation, leaching and run-off to groundwater and surface water), flooding and ponding (dike stability, infiltration, soil water repellency) and infrastructural damage (soil shrinkage). Given the increasing demand for current data of high quality and the fact that existing databases lack sufficient potential for upscaling, this project serves as a means to generate additional high quality data each year. The SHP-properties and related meta information are implemented in the BIS (Bodem Informatie Systeem) and from 2019 will be implemented in the BRO database (Basisregistratie Ondergrond) as well. Currently there are 217 samples linked toprofile descriptions and other meta information in the BIS-database., Hydrofysische eigenschappen van de bodem zijn dè eigenschappen die de interactie tussen water en bodembeschrijven. Water vormt het voornaamste transportmedium van opgeloste stoffen in de bodem, zoals nitraten,fosfaten, zouten, pesticiden, antibiotica, organisch materiaal. Daarom zijn hydrofysische bodemgegevens ook voorhet transportgedrag voor deze stoffen van groot belang. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn onder meer waterretentie,waterdoorlatendheid, krimp en zwel, organisch stofgehalte, korrelgrootteverdeling (textuur), bodemaggregatie en macroporiën (structuur), dichtheid, en capillaire opstijging. Hydrofysische bodemgegevens zijn bepalend in toepassingsgebieden die te maken hebben met de bodem-waterconditie: voedselzekerheid (droogte- enwaterschade), landbouw (precisiedrainage, irrigatie), bodemverzilting en bodemalkalinisatie (verdamping en capillaire opstijging), broeikasgasemissies vanuit de bodem (N2O, CO2), natuurbehoud (natte en drogenatuurtypen), duurzaam landgebruik en ‘healthy soils’ (functie allocatie), waterkwaliteit (nutriënten, contaminanten,antibiotica, uit- en afspoeling naar grond- en oppervlaktewater), overstromingen en plasvorming (dijkstabiliteit,infiltratie, waterafstotendheid), en infrastructurele schade door bodemdaling (zwel en krimp en oxidatie van veenals gevolg van ontwatering). Omdat er groeiende behoefte is aan actuele gegevens van hoge kwaliteit en omdat de huidige databases nog onvoldoende opschalingsmogelijkheden bieden, worden in onderhavig project jaarlijks aanvullende kwalitatief hoogwaardige gegevens gegenereerd. De hydrofysische gegevens van de bodem en debijbehorende beschrijvende gegevens zijn ondergebracht in het Bodemkundig Informatie Systeem (BIS) en worden vanaf 2019 ook ondergebracht in de Basisregistratie Ondergrond (BRO). Momenteel zijn er 217 monsters,gekoppeld aan profielbeschrijvingen en andere meta-informatie, in BIS opgenomen.

This paper studies estimation of reach probability for a generalized stochastic hybrid system (GSHS). For diffusion processes a well-developed approach in reach probability estimation is to introduce a suitable factorization of the reach probability and then to estimate these factors through simulation of an Interacting Particle System (IPS). The theory of this IPS approach has been extended to arbitrary strong Markov processes, which includes GSHS executions. Because Monte Carlo simulation of GSHS particles involves sampling of Brownian motion as well as sampling of random discontinuities, the practical elaboration of the IPS approach for GSHS is not straightforward. The aim of this paper is to elaborate the IPS approach for GSHS by using complementary Monte Carlo sampling techniques. For a simple GSHS example, it is shown that and why the specific technique selected for sampling discontinuities can have a major influence on the effectiveness of IPS in reach probability estimation., Aerospace Transport & Operations

Hydrofysische gegevens van de bodem, ofwel bodemgegevens die een sterke relatie hebben met het gedrag van water in de bodem, zijn belangrijke basisgegevens bij het modelleren van transport van water en opgeloste stoffen in de onverzadigde zone, maar zijn ook belangrijk in tal van andere toepassingen. Voorbeelden van hydrofysische bodemgegevens zijn met name de waterretentie- en doorlatendheidskarakteristiek, maar ook het organische stofgehalte, textuurgegevens, profielbeschrijving en andere metagegevens. Omdat er grote behoefte is aan actuele gegevens van hoge kwaliteit en omdat de huidige databases nog onvoldoende opschalingsmogelijkheden bieden, worden in dit project aanvullende kwalitatief hoogwaardige gegevens gegenereerd. De hydrofysische gegevens van de bodem en de bijbehorende beschrijvende gegevens zijn ondergebracht in het BIS (Bodem Informatie Systeem) en worden in de nabije toekomst ook ondergebracht in de BRO.Momenteel zijn er 181 monsters, gekoppeld aan profielbeschrijvingen en andere meta-informatie, in BIS opgenomen.

Data on soil hydraulic properties are needed as input for many models, such as models to predict unsaturated water movement and crop growth, and models to predict leaching of nutrients and pesticides to groundwater. The soil physics database of the Netherlands shows several lacunae, and a substantial part of the data were collected more than thirty years ago and thus might not represent actual soil hydraulic conditions.

Het doel van dit onderzoek is te komen tot een betrouwbare voorspelling van de te verwachten maaiveldzakking als gevolg van de plaatselijke grondwaterstandverlaging.