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Established on the appealing properties of borate glass, a new magnesium borate glass of definite composition (56 − x)B2O3–40Na2O–4MoO3–xMgO (x = 0, 2, 4, 8 mol. %) is prepared via the melt quenching technique. The present study clarified the consequence of dopant and co-dopant on the borate glass. Different physical properties are sustained to investigate and explain the optical and electrical properties of the obtained glass as a result of the replacement of B2O3 by MgO. FTIR confirmed the conversion of MgO6 into MgO4. The index of refraction increased is accompanied by a decrease in bandgap energy. At a frequency of 0.1 Hz, the ac-conductivity varies between 4 and 20 pS/cm at 25 °C and between 10 and 30 nS/cm at 150 °C without the systematic effect of MgO concentration, which indicates that heating plays the main role in improving conductivity. The metallization criterion is between 0.41 and 0.425. The computed two-photon absorption values ranged from 5.313 to 8.391 cm/GW; therefore, it is recommended that the prepared glasses are ideal for optical signal-processing equipment and are considered promising as a new member of the nonlinear optical glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mislabeling of Juvenile hilsa, (Tenualosa spp.) or Jatka fish as Chapila (Gudusia chapra) is a recognized problem in Bangladesh resulting in fraudulence to consumers, illegal harvesting, and ultimately the degradation of hilsa fish production. We applied DNA barcoding using mitochondrial COX 1 gene together with morphometric analysis to resolve the mislabeling or misidentification of Clupeid fishes differentiating mainly hilsa fish from chapila fish. This study confirmed the identification of Jatka fish (Tenualosa sp.) that was mislabeled with chapila (Gudusia chapra). DNA barcoding identified the four species of clupeid fishes (Tenualosa ilisha, Gudusia chapra, Sardinella jussieu and Tenualosa toli) with phylogenetic placement. These cases may reflect a clear picture of admixture of locally sold mislabeled Jatka, which may warrant more comprehensive analyses. Mislabeling records of Juvenile hilsa established in the present study may also have implications for the harvesting, marketing and consumption the national fish of Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sillago muktijoddhai, S. mengjialensis, S. sihama and Sillaginops macrolepis (Perciformes, Sillaginidae) are common coastal sand borers. The first three species are found in the Northeastern Indian Ocean, and the fourth one is located in the Western Central Pacific Ocean only. Molecular data applying in the prior investigations on systematics and phylogenetic relationships were not only incomplete but also uncertain for these fishes. This study sequenced their complete mitochondrial genomes using Sanger Dideoxy DNA sequencing for the first time. Their complete mitochondrial genome was a circular molecule of 17,022, 16,624, 16,825 and 16,502bp in length for S. muktijoddhai, S. mengjialensis, S. sihama and Sillaginops macrolepis, respectively. Most protein-coding genes (PCGs) were initiated with the typical ATG codon and terminated with the TAA or TAG codon and the incomplete termination codon T/TA could be detected in the four species. The majority of AT-skew and GC-skew values of the entire mitogenomes among the four species were negative. The Ka/Ks ratio analyses indicated 13 PCGs were suffering strong purifying selection. In the phylogenetic analysis, S. muktijoddhai, S. mengjialensis, and S. sihama were placed with relative species of the genus Sillago supporting morphological phylogeny. However, S. macrolepis was situated in the clade of genus Sillago that contrasted to morphological phylogeny. Divergence time analysis showed that Sillaginidae species diverged around 61 million years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glass of composition 75B2O3-5Al2O3-15MgF2-(5-x)Li2O-xGd2O3 (with x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) mole% was prepared using the fast melt-quenching technique, so as to investigate the manipulation of gadolinium oxide on the structure and spectroscopic properties of these compositions to be applicable in optoelectronic applications, which were investigated by different techniques. From vibrational investigation, it was revealed that the Gd2O3 influence on glass structure increased the non-bridging oxygen at the expense of BO3 groups. From spectroscopic investigation, as the incorporation of the Gd2O3 component increases in the oxyflouro structure, the energy band-gap property decreases, indicating an increase in the proportion of localized states formed near the conduction band for electrons. The band gap can be reduced as a result of the interaction between localized states and the conduction band. Moreover, ε′ and ε′′ rise with increased Gd2O3 content in the glass matrix and photon energy due to polarization. In addition to refractive index and optical conductivity, changing the phonon energy to a certain extent revealed that the prepared glass can be considered a fiber amplifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A diode laser sensor was developed for partial pressure and temperature measurements using a single water vapor transition. The Lorentzian half-width and line intensity of the transition were calibrated for conditions relevant to proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operation. Comparison of measured and simulated harmonics from wavelength-modulation spectroscopy is shown to yield accuracy of [+ or -] 2.5% in water vapor partial pressure and [+ or -] 3[degrees]C in temperature despite the use of a single transition over a narrow range of temperatures. Collisional half-widths in air or hydrogen are measured so that calibrations can be applied to both anode and cathode channels of a PEM fuel cell. An in situ calibration of the nonlinear impact of modulation on laser wavelength is presented and used to improve the accuracy of the numerical simulation of the signal. OCIS codes: 300.1030, 280.4788.

Niemann Pick disease is a rare lysosomal storage disease of infancy which occurs due to accumulation of sphingomyelin in various tissues of the body. This leads to characteristic features of failure to thrive, marked organomegaly and neurodegenerative regression. The disease is uncommon in South East Asia and here we present this case as it is rarely found in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]