Author: "Baker KA" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

219 results on '"Baker KA"'

1. A Review of Orbit Analysis for Turbogenerator Condition Monitoring

Author: Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics (1st : 1996 : Melbourne, Vic.), Baker, KA, Douglas, BM, and Howard, IM
Published: 1996

2. Enhancement of Light Fidelity System According to Multi-Users Utilizing OCDMA Technology under Weather Conditions

Author: Satea H. Alnajjar and Baker Kalid ALfaris
Subjects: light fidelity, visible-light communication, Optical Code division multiple access, Light-Emitting Diodes, Free space optical, Science
Abstract: Due to the significant need for modern technologies to meet the growing requirements of wide bandwidths, high levels of security, and high speeds. Considered Light fidelity is a future technology optical WC system that employs VL to transport data in open space. The end-user has employed VLC based on (LEDs). This technique provides a high data transfer rate, higher security, and less interference with other radio frequencies. This study investigates Li-Fi System Performance based on OCDMA/FOS under Effective Weather conditions on L-band frequency. LI-FI technology faces many challenges in maintaining system performance owing to the rise in user numbers and the different weather conditions. This causes the system performance to decrease in BER, Q-factor, power, etc. and maintains good security at the lowest possible costs and the best results. Proposed system, in addition to measuring the frequency filtering amount used in the proposed system, The results showed a significant improvement using the proposed technique, where the system achieved the error bit rate in clear weather from 3.93 * 10-28 to 2.5 * 10-24, and also in dusty weather, it achieved from 1.7 * 10-28 to 8 * 10-23 in addition to that The amount of frequencies filtering in UFBG This means that the minimum amount to use the filter feature is1.2nm. Suggested design has proven its ability to maintain acceptable performance in end-user in light of the increase in the number of users.
Published: 2022

3. OCDMA Performance on FSO Turbulent Weather Channel on Li-Fi Systems

Author: Satea H. Alnajjar and Baker Kalid ALfaris
Subjects: light fidelity, visible-light communication Optical Code division multiple access, Light-Emitting Diodes, line of sight, free-space optic, Science
Abstract: Because of advances in Light-Emitting Diodes LEDs and visible-light communication (VLC), future technology is light fidelity. The interference problems with radio frequency (RF) communication was overcome by using visible light communication (VLC) technology, which has higher bandwidth and greater security. On the other hand, the FSO link is affected by complex weather, Where Different atmospheric conditions affect the optical power of the FSO system very significantly, decreasing significantly. The effects of turbulent weather on OCDMA technology are examined in this paper and compared with and without using this technology at different distances in L-Bands in light of the increased number of users. There are various challenges that Li-Fi technology faces in maintaining the system performance with the increase in the number of users. These issues will cause a decrease in the system’s performance parameters, such as BER. Further, the challenges that exist are the total bandwidth usage and the number of users without affecting the system. Finally, security should be maintained at the highest level at the lowest cost. With the best results, the research shows that Optical Code division multiple access OCDMA technologies enhance system performance and stability, especially over long distances. On the contrary, the system will fail to function correctly over the same distance if the technology mentioned above is not utilized. For example, the heavy dust, the system achieved approximately from 1.02 * 10-12 to 9.5 * 10-11 with our proposed technology, whereas it achieved approximately from 2.8 * 10-7 to 4 * 10-4 without the proposed technology at a distance ranging from 60m to 160m. the system was tested during heavy fog weather, considered the most challenging situation, with an n attenuation of 340dB/M. The results revealed that the system achieved roughly 1.11*10-12 to 9.25*10-11, but without OCDMA technology, it achieved between 3.8*10-8 and 1.4*10-4 at 20 m to 120 m. These include heavy dust, fog, and moderate attenuation of 340, 242, and 85 dB/m, which have been used.
Published: 2022
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4. Use of computed tomography in the emergency department for the diagnosis of pediatric peritonsillar abscess.

Author: Baker KA, Stuart J, Sykes KJ, Sinclair KA, Wei JL, Baker, Kim A, Stuart, James, Sykes, Kevin J, Sinclair, Kelly A, and Wei, Julie L
Published: 2012
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5. Traumatic brain injury: a social worker primer with implications for practice.

Author: Baker KA, Tandy CC, and Dixon DR
Abstract: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a devastating medical condition that can happen to anyone at anytime, despite precautions. This paper provides details regarding etiology, symptoms, prognosis, and treatment of TBI. Patients and families usually require assistance and direction from several healthcare professionals, including social workers, both during and after the initial period of hospitalization and rehabilitation. After a brief discussion of interventions at several levels, the paper concludes with a focus on both the individual and the family, and how social workers in the hospital or rehabilitation clinic can intervene to assist the patient and family members in learning and using more effectivemethods of coping. Implications for social work practice are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2002

6. Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis.

Author: Baker KA and Pereira KD
Abstract: Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis is a rare form of nasal obstruction and must be distinguished from other causes of nasal obstruction. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any neonate or infant with signs and symptoms of upper airway compromise. Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical examination and computerized tomography findings, while treatment often involves surgical enlargement of the bony nasal inlet. Copyright © 2009 by Elsevier Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009
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7. Quality of life and pain in premenopausal women with major depressive disorder: The POWER Study

Author: Sonbolian Nina, Ronsaville Donna, St Germain Diane, Pereira Donna, Mannes Andrew, Handel Daniel, Bolle Jacques, Baker Karen, Berger Ann, Hartman Jill M, Torvik Sara, Calis Karim A, Phillips Terry M, and Cizza Giovanni
Subjects: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract: Abstract Background Whereas it is established that organic pain may induce depression, it is unclear whether pain is more common in healthy subjects with depression. We assessed the prevalence of pain in premenopausal women with major depression (MDD). Subjects were 21- to 45-year-old premenopausal women with MDD (N = 70; age: 35.4 +/- 6.6; mean +/- SD) and healthy matched controls (N = 36; age 35.4 +/- 6.4) participating in a study of bone turnover, the P.O.W.E.R. (Premenopausal, Osteopenia/Osteoporosis, Women, Alendronate, Depression) Study. Methods Patients received a clinical assessment by a pain specialist, which included the administration of two standardized forms for pain, the Brief Pain Inventory – Short Form, and the Initial Pain Assessment Tool, and two scales of everyday stressors, the Hassles and Uplifts Scales. In addition, a quality-of-life instrument, the SF-36, was used. The diagnosis of MDD was established by a semi-structured interview, according to the DSM-IV criteria. Substance P (SP) and calcitonin-gene-related-peptide (CGRP), neuropeptides which are known mediators of pain, were measured every hour for 24 h in a subgroup of patients (N = 17) and controls (N = 14). Results Approximately one-half of the women with depression reported pain of mild intensity. Pain intensity was significantly correlated with the severity of depression (r2 = 0.076; P = 0.04) and tended to be correlated with the severity of anxiety, (r2 = 0.065; P = 0.07), and the number of depressive episodes (r2 = 0.072; P = 0.09). Women with MDD complained of fatigue, insomnia, and memory problems and experienced everyday negative stressors more frequently than controls. Quality of life was decreased in women with depression, as indicated by lower scores in the emotional and social well-being domains of the SF-36. SP (P < 0.0003) and CGRP (P < 0.0001) were higher in depressed subjects. Conclusion Women with depression experienced pain more frequently than controls, had a lower quality of life, and complained more of daily stressors. Assessment of pain may be important in the clinical evaluation of women with MDD. SP and CGRP may be useful biological markers in women with MDD.
Published: 2006
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8. Combinatorial genetic technology for the development of new anti-infectives.

Author: Laios E, Waddington M, Saraiya AA, Baker KA, O'Connor E, Pamarathy D, and Cunningham PR
Published: 2004
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9. The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery

Author: T.E.F. Abbott, T. Ahmad, M.K. Phull, A.J. Fowler, R. Hewson, B.M. Biccard, M.S. Chew, M. Gillies, R.M. Pearse, Rupert M. Pearse, Scott Beattie, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Nicolas Demartines, Lee A. Fleisher, Mike Grocott, James Haddow, Andreas Hoeft, Peter Holt, Rui Moreno, Naomi Pritchard, Andrew Rhodes, Duminda Wijeysundera, Matt Wilson, Tahania Ahmed, Kirsty Everingham, Russell Hewson, Marta Januszewska, Mandeep-Kaur Phull, Richard Halliwell, Mark Shulman, Paul Myles, Werner Schmid, Michael Hiesmayr, Patrick Wouters, Stefan de Hert, Suzana Lobo, Xiangming Fang, Lars Rasmussen, Emmanuel Futier, Matthieu Biais, Aurélien Venara, Karem Slim, Michael Sander, Despoina Koulenti, Kostoula Arvaniti, Mathew Chan, Atul Kulkarni, Susilo Chandra, Aida Tantri, Emad Geddoa, Muntadhar Abbas, Giorgio Della Rocca, Datin Sivasakthi, Marzida Mansor, Pastor Luna, Arthur Bouwman, Wolfgang Buhre, Vanessa Beavis, Douglas Campbell, Tim Short, Tunde Osinaike, Ricardo Matos, Ioana Grigoras, Mikhail Kirov, Denis Protsenko, Bruce Biccard, Cesar Aldecoa, Michelle Chew, Christoph Hofer, Martin Hubner, James Ditai, Tamas Szakmany, Lee Fleisher, Marissa Ferguson, Michael MacMahon, Ritchie Cherian, Helen Currow, Kathirgamanathan Kanathiban, David Gillespie, Edward Pathmanathan, Katherine Phillips, Jenifer Reynolds, Joanne Rowley, Jeanene Douglas, Ross Kerridge, Sameer Garg, Michael Bennett, Megha Jain, David Alcock, Nico Terblanche, Rochelle Cotter, Kate Leslie, Marcelle Stewart, Nicolette Zingerle, Antony Clyde, Oliver Hambidge, Adam Rehak, Sharon Cotterell, Wilson Binh Quan Huynh, Timothy McCulloch, Erez Ben-Menachem, Thomas Egan, Jennifer Cope, Paul Fellinger, Markus Haisjackl, Simone Haselberger, Caroline Holaubek, Paul Lichtenegger, Florian Scherz, Franz Hoffer, Veronika Cakova, Andreas Eichwalder, Norbert Fischbach, Reinhold Klug, Elisabeth Schneider, Martin Vesely, Reinhart Wickenhauser, Karl Gernot Grubmueller, Marion Leitgeb, Friedrich Lang, Nancy Toro, Marlene Bauer, Friedrich Laengle, Claudia Haberl, Thomas Mayrhofer, Christoph Trybus, Christian Buerkle, Karin Forstner, Reinhard Germann, Harald Rinoesl, Elke Schindler, Ernst Trampitsch, Gerhard Bogner, Daniel Dankl, Martin Duenser, Gerhard Fritsch, Ilse Gradwohl-Matis, Andreas Hartmann, Thomas Hoelzenbein, Tarkan Jaeger, Franz Landauer, Gregor Lindl, Michael Lux, Johannes Steindl, Ottokar Stundner, Christian Szabo, Jawad Bidgoli, Hans Verdoodt, Patrice Forget, David Kahn, Fernande Lois, Mona Momeni, Caroline Prégardien, Audrey Pospiech, Arnaud Steyaert, Laurent Veevaete, Dirk De Kegel, Karen De Jongh, Luc Foubert, Carine Smitz, Marcel Vercauteren, Jan Poelaert, Veerle Van Mossevelde, Jacques Abeloos, Stefaan Bouchez, Marc Coppens, Luc De Baerdemaeker, Isabel Deblaere, Ann De Bruyne, Kristine Fonck, Bjorn Heyse, Tom Jacobs, Koen Lapage, Anneliese Moerman, Martine Neckebroek, Aliaksandra Parashchanka, Nathalie Roels, Nancy Van Den Eynde, Michael Vandenheuvel, JurgenVan Limmen, Ann Vanluchene, Caroline Vanpeteghem, Piet Wyffels, Christel Huygens, Punitha Vandenbempt, Marc Van de Velde, Dimitri Dylst, Bruno Janssen, Evelien Schreurs, Fábia Berganton Aleixo, Keulle Candido, Hugo Dias Batista, Mario Guimarães, Jaqueline Guizeline, João Hoffmann, Francisco Ricardo Marques Lobo, Vinícius Nascimento, Katia Nishiyama, Lucas Pazetto, Daniela Souza, Rodrigo Souza Rodrigues, Ana Maria Vilela dos Santos, Jaquelline Jardim, Luiz Marcelo Sá Malbouisson, Joao Silva, Paulo do Nascimento Junior, Thalissa Hermínia Baio, Gabriel Isaac Pereira de Castro, Henri Roger Watanabe Oliveira, Cristina Prata Amendola, Gutemberg Cardoso, Daniela Ortega, Ana Flavia Brotto, Mirella Cristine De Oliveira, Álvaro Réa-Neto, Fernando Dias, Maria Eduarda Travi, Luiza Zerman, Pedro Azambuja, Marcos Freitas Knibel, Antonio Martins, William Almeida, Calim Neder Neto, Maria Angela Tardelli, Eliana Caser, Marcio Machado, Crisitiano Aguzzoli, Sérgio Baldisserotto, Fernanda Beck Tabajara, Fernanda Bettega, La Hore Correa Rodrigues Júnior, Julia de Gasperi, Lais Faina, Marcos Farias Nolasco, Bruna Ferreira da Costa Fischer, Mariana Fosch de Campos Ferreira, Cristina Hartmann, Marta Kliemann, Gustavo Luis Hubert Ribeiro, Julia Merladete Fraga, Thiago Motta Netto, Laura Valduga Pozza, Paulo Rafael Wendling, Caroline Azevedo, Juliana Garcia, Marcel Lopes, Bernardo Maia, Paula Maselli, Ralph Melo, Weslley Mendes, Matheus Neves, Jacqueline Ney, Claudio Piras, Christopher Applewhaite, Adrienne Carr, Lorraine Chow, Kaylene Duttchen, Julena Foglia, Michael Greene, Ashley Hinther, Kendra Houston, Thomas Jared McCormick, Jennifer Mikhayel, Sam Montasser, Alex Ragan, Andrew Suen, Adrianna Woolsey, Hai Chuan Yu, Duane Funk, Stephen Kowalski, Regina Legaspi, Heather McDonald, Faisal Siddiqui, Jeremy Pridham, Bernadette Rowe, Sonia Sampson, Barton Thiessen, Geoff Zbitnew, Andre Bernard, Ronald George, Philip Jones, Rita Moor, Naveed Siddiqui, Alexandra Wolfer, Diem Tran, Denyse Winch, Gary Dobson, Thomas McCormick, Osama Montasser, Richard Hall, Leyla Baghirzada, Gerard Curley, Si Yuan Dai, Gregory Hare, Esther Lee, Uma Shastri, Albert Tsui, Anmol Yagnik, Danielle Alvares, Stephen Choi, Heather Dwyer, Kathrina Flores, Colin McCartney, Priya Somascanthan, Jo Carroll, Janneth Pazmino-Canizares, Noam Ami, Vincent Chan, Anahi Perlas, Ruth Argue, Yang Huang, Katie Lavis, Kelly Mayson, Ying Cao, Hong Gao, Tingju Hu, Jie Lv, Jian Yang, Yang Yang, Yi Zhong, Jing Zhou, Xiaohua Zou, Miao He, Xiaoying Li, Dihuan Luo, Haiying Wang, Tian Yu, Liyong Chen, Lijun Wang, Yunfei Cai, Zhongming Cao, Yanling Li, Jiaxin Lian, Haiyun Sun, Sheng Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Kenru Wang, Yi Zhu, Xindan Du, Hao Fan, Yunbin Fu, Lixia Huang, Yanming Huang, Haifang Hwan, Hong Luo, Pi-Sheng Qu, Fan Tao, Zhen Wang, Guoxiang Wang, Shun Wang, Yan Zhang, Xiaolin Zhang, Chao Chen, Weixing Wang, Zhengyuan Liu, Lihua Fan, Jing Tang, Yijun Chen, Yongjie Chen, Yangyang Han, Changshun Huang, Guojin Liang, Jing Shen, Jun Wang, Qiuhong Yang, Jungang Zhen, Haidong Zhou, Junping Chen, Zhang Chen, Xiaoyu Li, Bo Meng, Haiwang Ye, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanbing Bi, Jianqiao Cao, Fengying Guo, Hong Lin, Yang Liu, Meng Lv, Pengcai Shi, Xiumei Song, Chuanyu Sun, Yongtao Sun, Yuelan Wang, Shenhui Wang, Min Zhang, Rong Chen, Jiabao Hou, Yan Leng, Qing-tao Meng, Li Qian, Zi-ying Shen, Zhong-yuan Xia, Rui Xue, Yuan Zhang, Bo Zhao, Xian-jin Zhou, Qiang Chen, Huinan Guo, Yongqing Guo, Yuehong Qi, Zhi Wang, Jianfeng Wei, Weiwei Zhang, Lina Zheng, Qi Bao, Yaqiu Chen, Yijiao Chen, Yue Fei, Nianqiang Hu, Xuming Hu, Min Lei, Xiaoqin Li, Xiaocui Lv, Fangfang Miao, Lingling Ouyang, Lu Qian, Conyu Shen, Yu Sun, Yuting Wang, Dong Wang, Chao Wu, Liyuan Xu, Jiaqi Yuan, Lina Zhang, Huan Zhang, Yapping Zhang, Jinning Zhao, Chong Zhao, Lei Zhao, Tianzhao Zheng, Dachun Zhou, Haiyan Zhou, Ce Zhou, Kaizhi Lu, Ting Zhao, Changlin He, Hong Chen, Shasha Chen, Baoli Cheng, Jie He, Lin Jin, Caixia Li, Hui Li, Yuanming Pan, Yugang Shi, Xiao Hong Wen, Shuijing Wu, Guohao Xie, Kai Zhang, Bing Zhao, Xianfu Lu, Feifei Chen, Qisheng Liang, Xuewu Lin, Yunzhi Ling, Gang Liu, Jing Tao, Lu Yang, Jialong Zhou, Fumei Chen, Zhonggui Cheng, Hanying Dai, Yunlin Feng, Benchao Hou, Haixia Gong, Chun hua Hu, Haijin Huang, Jian Huang, Zhangjie Jiang, Mengyuan Li, Jiamei Lin, Mei Liu, Weicheng Liu, Zhen Liu, Zhiyi Liu, Foquan Luo, Longxian Ma, Jia Min, Xiaoyun Shi, Zhiping Song, Xianwen Wan, Yingfen Xiong, Lin Xu, Shuangjia Yang, Qin Zhang, Hongyan Zhang, Huaigen Zhang, Xuekang Zhang, Lili Zhao, Weihong Zhao, Weilu Zhao, Xiaoping Zhu, Yun Bai, Linbi Chen, Sijia Chen, Qinxue Dai, Wujun Geng, Kunyuan Han, Xin He, Luping Huang, Binbin Ji, Danyun Jia, Shenhui Jin, Qianjun Li, Dongdong Liang, Shan Luo, Lulu Lwang, Yunchang Mo, Yuanyuan Pan, Xinyu Qi, Meizi Qian, Jinling Qin, Yelong Ren, Yiyi Shi, Junlu Wang, Junkai Wang, Leilei Wang, Junjie Xie, Yixiu Yan, Yurui Yao, Mingxiao Zhang, Jiashi Zhao, Xiuxiu Zhuang, Yanqiu Ai, Fang Du, Long He, Ledan Huang, Zhisong Li, Huijuan Li, Yetong Li, Liwei Li, Su Meng, Yazhuo Yuan, Enman Zhang, Jie Zhang, Shuna Zhao, Zhenrong Ji, Ling Pei, Li Wang, Chen Chen, Beibei Dong, Jing Li, Ziqiang Miao, Hongying Mu, Chao Qin, Lin Su, Zhiting Wen, Keliang Xie, Yonghao Yu, Fang Yuan, Xianwen Hu, Ye Zhang, Wangpin Xiao, Zhipeng Zhu, Qingqing Dai, Kaiwen Fu, Rong Hu, Xiaolan Hu, Song Huang, Yaqi Li, Yingping Liang, Shuchun Yu, Zheng Guo, Yan Jing, Na Tang, Jie Wu, Dajiang Yuan, Ruilin Zhang, Xiaoying Zhao, Yuhong Li, Hui-Ping Bai, Chun-Xiao Liu, Fei-Fei Liu, Wei Ren, Xiu-Li Wang, Guan-Jie Xu, Na Hu, Bo Li, Yangwen Ou, Yongzhong Tang, Shanglong Yao, Shihai Zhang, Cui-Cui Kong, Bei Liu, Tianlong Wang, Wei Xiao, Bo Lu, Yanfei Xia, Jiali Zhou, Fang Cai, Pushan Chen, Shuangfei Hu, Hongfa Wang, Qiong Xu, Liu Hu, Liang Jing, Bin Li, Qiang Liu, Yuejiang Liu, Xinjian Lu, Zhen Dan Peng, Xiaodong Qiu, Quan Ren, Youliang Tong, Jin Wang, Yazhou Wen, Qiong Wu, Jiangyan Xia, Jue Xie, Xiapei Xiong, Shixia Xu, Tianqin Yang, Hui Ye, Ning Yin, Jing Yuan, Qiuting Zeng, Baoling Zhang, Kang Zheng, Jing Cang, Shiyu Chen, Yu Fan, Shuying Fu, Xiaodong Ge, Baolei Guo, Wenhui Huang, Linghui Jiang, Xinmei Jiang, Yi Liu, Yan Pan, Yun Ren, Qi Shan, Jiaxing Wang, Fei Wang, Chi Wu, Xiaoguang Zhang, Ida Cecilie Christiansen, Simon Nørgaard Granum, Bodil Steen Rasmussen, Morten Daugaard, Rajiv Gambhir, Birgitte Brandsborg, Guðný Erla Steingrímsdóttir, Peter Jensen-Gadegaard, Karsten Skovgaard Olsen, Hanna Siegel, Katrine Zwicky Eskildsen, Mona Ring Gätke, Ida Wibrandt, Simon Bisgaard Heintzelmann, Kai Henrik Wiborg Lange, Rune Sarauw Lundsgaard, Louise Amstrup-Hansen, Claus Hovendal, Michael Larsen, Mette Lenstrup, Tina Kobborg, Jens Rolighed Larsen, Anette Barbre Pedersen, Søren Hübertz Smith, Rebecca Monett Oestervig, Arash Afshari, Cheme Andersen, Kim Ekelund, Erik Lilja Secher, Helene Beloeil, Sigismond Lasocki, Alexandre Ouattara, Marlene Sineus, Serge Molliex, Marie Lim Legouge, Florent Wallet, Antoine Tesniere, Christophe Gaudin, Paul Lehur, Emma Forsans, Stéphane de Rudnicki, Valerie Serra Maudet, Didier Mutter, Ghassan Sojod, Mehdi Ouaissi, Jean-Marc Regimbeau, Jacques Desbordes, Nicolas Comptaer, Diae el Manser, Sabine Ethgen, Gilles Lebuffe, Patrick Auer, Christine Härtl, Maria Deja, Kirill Legashov, Susanne Sonnemann, Carola Wiegand-Loehnert, Elke Falk, Marit Habicher, Stefan Angermair, Beatrix Laetsch, Katrin Schmidt, Christian Von Heymann, Axel Ramminger, Florian Jelschen, Svenja Pabel, Andreas Weyland, Elke Czeslick, Jochen Gille, Michael Malcharek, Armin Sablotzki, Katharina Lueke, Peter Wetzel, Joerg Weimann, Franz-Peter Lenhart, Florian Reichle, Frederike Schirmer, Michael Hüppe, Karl Klotz, Carla Nau, Julika Schön, Thomas Mencke, Christina Wasmund, Carla Bankewitz, Georg Baumgarten, Andreas Fleischer, Vera Guttenthaler, Yvonne Hack, Katharina Kirchgaessner, Olja Männer, Marlen Schurig-Urbaniak, Rafael Struck, Rebekka van Zyl, Maria Wittmann, Ulrich Goebel, Sarah Harris, Siegfried Veit, Evangelia Andreadaki, Flora Souri, Ioannis Katsiadramis, Anthi Skoufi, Maria Vasileiou, Eleni Aimoniotou- Georgiou, Anastasios Katsourakis, Fotini Veroniki, Glyceria Vlachogianni, Konstantina Petra, Dimitra Chlorou, Eirini Oloktsidou, Vasileios Ourailoglou, Konstantinos Papapostolou, Georgia Tsaousi, Panagoula Daikou, Georgia Dedemadi, Ioannis Kalaitzopoulos, Christos Loumpias, Sotirios Bristogiannis, Nikolaos Dafnios, Georgios Gkiokas, Elissaios Kontis, Dimitra Kozompoli, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Christol Bizios, Anastasia Koutsikou, Aleaxandra Moustaka, Ioannis Plaitakis, Apostolos Armaganidis, Theodora Christodoulopoulou, Mihail Lignos, Maria Theodorakopoulou, Andreas Asimakos, Eleni Ischaki, Angeliki Tsagkaraki, Spyros Zakynthinos, Eleni Antoniadou, Ioannis Koutelidakis, Dimitrios Lathyris, Irene Pozidou, Nikolaos Voloudakis, Maria Dalamagka, Gkonezou Elena, Christos Chronis, Dimitra Manolakaki, Dimitris Mosxogiannidis, Tatiana Slepova, Isaia-sissy Tsakiridou, Claire Lampiri, Anastasia Vachlioti, Christos Panagiotakis, Dimitrios Sfyras, Fotios Tsimpoukas, Athanasia Tsirogianni, Elena Axioti, Andreas Filippopoulos, Elli Kalliafa, George Kassavetis, Petros Katralis, Ioannis Komnos, Georgios Pilichos, Ifigenia Ravani, Antonis Totis, Eymorfia Apagaki, Andromachi Efthymiadi, Nikolaos Kampagiannis, Theoniki Paraforou, Agoritsa Tsioka, Georgios Georgiou, Aristeidis Vakalos, Aggeliki Bairaktari, Efthimios Charitos, George Markou, Panagiota Niforopoulou, Nikolaos Papakonstantinou, Evdoxia Tsigou, Archontoula Xifara, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Panagiota Gkioni, Stylianos Karatzas, Aikaterini Kyparissi, Efstratios Mainas, Ioannis Papapanagiotou, Theonymfi Papavasilopoulou, George Fragandreas, Eleni Georgopoulou, Eleni Katsika, Kyriakos Psarras, Eirini Synekidou, Maria Verroiotou, Evangelia Vetsiou, Donika Zaimi, Athina Anagnou, Konstantinos Apostolou, Theodora Melissopoulou, Theophilos Rozenberg, Christos Tsigris, Georgios Boutsikos, Vasileios Kalles, Nikolaos Kotsalas, Christina Lavdaiou, Fotini Paikou, Georgia-Laura Panagou, Anna Spring, Ioannis Botis, Maria Drimala, Georgios Georgakakis, Ellada Kiourtzieva, Panagiota Ntouma, Apostolos Prionas, Kyriakos Xouplidis, Eleftheria Dalampini, Chrysavgi Giannaki, Christina Iasonidou, Orestis Ioannidis, Athina Lavrentieva, Athena Lavrentieva, George Papageorgiou, Maria Kokkinoy, Maria Stafylaraki, Stylianos Gaitanakis, Periclis Karydakis, Josef Paltoglou, Panagiotis Ponireas, Panagiotis Chaloulis, Athanasios Provatidis, Anisoglou Sousana, Varvara Vanessa Gardikou, Maria Konstantivelli, Olga Lataniotou, Elisavet Lisari, Maria Margaroni, Konstantinos Stamatiou, Edouardos Nikolaidis, Ioannis Pnevmatikos, Eleni Sertaridou, Alexandros Andreou, Eleni Arkalaki, Elias Athanasakis, Fotini Chaniotaki, Chatzimichali Aikaterini Chatzimichali, Maria Christofaki, Despina Dermitzaki, Klara Fiorentza, Georgios Frantzeskos, Elisavet Geromarkaki, Kalliopi Kafkalaki, Marina Kalogridaki, Konstyllia Karydi, Sofia Kokkini, Georgios Kougentakis, Tatiana Lefaki, Emmanouhl Lilitsis, Aikaterini Makatounaki, Polychronis Malliotakis, Dimosthenis Michelakis, Maria Neonaki, Vasileia Nyktari, Iliana Palikyra, Eleftherios Papadakis, Alexandra Papaioannou, Konstantinos Sfakianakis, Maria Sgouraki, Xenia Souvatzis, Anastasia Spartinou, Nefeli Stefanidou, Paulina Syrogianni, Georgia Tsagkaraki, Elena Arnaoutoglou, Christina Arnaoutoglou, Christina Bali, Vasilios Bouris, Rodamanthos Doumos, Konstantia-Paraskevi Gkini, Clio Kapaktsi, Vasilios Koulouras, Arian Lena, Dimitra Lepida, Evangelos Michos, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Minas Paschopoulos, Vaia Aliki Rompou, Ioanna Siouti, Stavros Tsampalas, Ourania Ververidou, Georgios Zilis, Alexandra Charlalampidoy, Gregory Christodoulidis, Andreas Flossos, Konstantinos Stamoulis, Matthew Chan, Man Shing Caleb Tsang, Man Shing Tsang, Man Ling Lai, Chi Pang Yip, Hey Man Heymans Chan, Bassanio Law, Wing Sze Li, Hiu Man Chu, Emily Gar Yee Koo, Chi Cheong Joe Lam, Ka Ho Cheng, Tracy Lam, Susanna Chu, Wing yan Lam, Kin Wai Kevin Wong, Dilys Kwok, Ching Yue Janice Hung, Wai Kit Jacky Chan, Wing Lam Wong, Chun Kwong Eric Chung, Shu Kai Ma, Shuchi Kaushik, Bhagyesh Shah, Dhiren Shah, Sanjay Shah, Praburaj Ar, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Vandana Agarwal, Jigeeshu Divatia, Sanghamitra Mishra, Ganesh Nimje, Swati Pande, Sukhada Savarkar, Aditi Shrivastava, Martin Thomas, Shashikant Yegnaram, Rahmat Hidayatullah, Nasman Puar, Sumara Niman, Imai Indra, Zulkarnain Hamzah, Annika Yuliana, Ucu Nurhadiat Abidin, Ade Nurkacan Dursin, Andri Kurnia, Ade Susanti, Dini Handayani, Mahaalit Aribawa Alit, Aryabiantara Arya, Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi, Utara Hartawan Utara, Widnyana Made Wid, Semarawima Wima, Wiryana Made Wir, Brillyan Jehosua, Jonathan Kaunang, Eka Yudha Lantang, Rini Najoan, Neil Waworuntu, Hadi Awad, Akram Fuad, Burair Geddoa, Abdel Razzaq Khalaf, Sabah Al hussaini, Safauldeensalem Albaj, Maithem Kenber, Alessandra Bettinelli, Savino Spadaro, Carlo AlbertoVolta, Luigi Giancarlo, Vicari Sottosanti, Elisa Copetti, Lorenzo Spagnesi, Ilaria Toretti, Chiara Alloj, Silvano Cardellino, Livio Carmino, Eleonora Costanzo, Lucia Caterina Fanfani, Maria Teresa Novelli, 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Thomas, Joanne Thunder, Andrew Torrance, Ravinder Vohra, null Arlo whitehouse, Tony Wong, Mark Blunt, Kate Wong, Julian Giles, Isabelle Reed, Debbie Weller, Gillian Bell, Julie Birch, Rose Damant, Jane Maiden, Clare Mewies, Claire Prince, Jane Radford, Tim Reynolds, Birender Balain, Robin Banerjee, Andrew Barnett, Ben Burston, Kirsty Davies, Jayne Edwards, Chris Evans, David Ford, Pete Gallacher, Simon Hill, David Jaffray, Sudheer Karlakki, Cormac Kelly, Julia Kennedy, Nigel Kiely, Simon Lewthwaite, Chris Marquis, Matthew Ockendon, Stephen Phillips, Simon Pickard, James Richardson, Richard Roach, Tony Smith, Richard Spencer-Jones, Niall Steele, Julie Steen, Marck Van Liefland, Steve White, Matthew Faulds, Meredyth Harris, Carrie Kelly, Scott Nicol, Sally Anne Pearson, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Alyson Andrew, Elizabeth Attrill, Graham Campbell, Amanda Datson, Anna Fouracres, Juan Graterol, Lynne Graves, Bosun Hong, Alexander Ishimaru, Arvind Karthikeyan, Helen King, Tom Lawson, Gregory 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Ian Wrench, Lisa Zeidan, Diane Ardern, Benjamin Harris, Johanna Hellstrom, Jane Martin, Richard Thomas, Nimu Varsani, Caroline Wrey Brown, Philip Docherty, Michael Gillies, Euan McGregor, Helen Usher, Jayne Craig, Andrew Smith, Tahania Ahmad, Phoebe Bodger, Thais Creary, Alexander Fowler, Russ Hewson, Eke Ijuo, Timothy Jones, Ilya Kantsedikas, Sumitra Lahiri, Aaron Lawson McLean, Edyta Niebrzegowska, Mandeep Phull, Difei Wang, Nadine Wickboldt, Jacqueline Baldwin, Donna Doyle, Sean Mcmullan, Michelle Oladapo, Thomas Owen, Alexandra Williams, Hull Daniel, Peter Gregory, Tauqeer Husain, Justin Kirk-Bayley, Edward Mathers, Laura Montague, Mark Harper, Stuart White, James Jack, Carrie Ridley, Joanne Avis, Tim Cook, Lola Dali-Kemmery, Ian Kerslake, Victoria Lambourne, Annabel Pearson, Christine Boyd, Mark Callaghan, Cathy Lawson, Roopa McCrossan, Vanessa Nesbitt, Laura O'connor, Julia Scott, Rhona Sinclair, Nahla Farid, Ciro Morgese, Kailash Bhatia, Swati Karmarkar, Jamil Ahmed, Graham Branagan, Monica Hutton, Andrew Swain, Jamie Brookes, Jonathan Cornell, Rachael Dolan, Jonathan Hulme, Amanda Jansen van Vuuren, Tom Jowitt, Gunasheela Kalashetty, Fran Lloyd, Kiran Patel, Nicholas Sherwood, Lynne Brown, Ben Chandler, Kerry Deighton, Temlett Emma, Kirsty Haunch, Michelle Cheeseman, Kathy Dent, Sanjeev Garg, Carol Gray, Marion Hood, Dawn Jones, Joanne Juj, Roshan Rao, Tara Walker, Mashel Al Anizi, Clarissa Cheah, Yushio Cheing, Francisco Coutinho, Prisca Gondo, Bernard Hadebe, Mazvangu Onie Hove, null Ahamed khader, Bobby Krishnachetty, Karen Rhodes, Jagdish Sokhi, Katie-Anne Baker, Wendy Bertram, Alex Looseley, Ronelle Mouton, George Hanna, Glenn Arnold, Shobhit Arya, Danai Balfoussia, Linden Baxter, James Harris, Craig Jones, Alison Knaggs, Sheraz Markar, Anisha Perera, Alasdair Scott, Asako Shida, Ravneet Sirha, Sally Wright, Victoria Frost, Catherine Gray, Emma Andrews, Lindsay Arrandale, Stephen Barrett, Elna Cifra, Mariese Cooper, Dragos Dragnea, Cifra Elna, Jennifer Maclean, Sonja Meier, Donald Milliken, Christopher Munns, Nadir Ratanshi, Suneil Ramessur, Abegail Salvana, Anthony Watson, Hani Ali, Gill Campbell, Rebecca Critchley, Simon Endersby, Catherine Hicks, Alison Liddle, Marc Pass, Charlotte Ritchie, Charlotte Thomas, Lingxi Too, Sarah Welsh, Talvinder Gill, Joanne Johnson, Joanne Reed, Edward Davis, Sam Papadopoullos, Clare Attwood, Andrew Biffen, Kerenza Boulton, Sophie Gray, David Hay, Sarah Mills, Jane Montgomery, Rory Riddell, James Simpson, Neeraj Bhardwaj, Elaine Paul, Nosakhare Uwubamwen, Maini Alexander, James Arrich, Swarna Arumugam, Douglas Blackwood, Victoria Boggiano, Robyn Brown, Yik Lam Chan, Devnandan Chatterjee, Ashok Chhabra, Rachel Christian, Hannah Costelloe, Madeline Coxwell Matthewman, Emma Dalton, Julia Darko, Maria Davari, Tejal Dave, Matthew Deacon, Shantal Deepak, Holly Edmond, Jessica Ellis, Ahmed El-Sayed, Philip Eneje, Rose English, Renee Ewe, William Foers, John Franklin, Laura Gallego, Emily Garrett, Olivia Goldberg, Harry Goss, Rosanna Greaves, Rudy Harris, Charles Hennings, Eleanor Jones, Nelson Kamali, Naomi Kokkinos, Carys Lewis, Leda Lignos, Evaleen Victoria Malgapo, Rizwana Malik, Andrew Milne, John-Patrick Mulligan, Philippa Nicklin, Natasha Palipane, Thomas Parsons, Rebecca Piper, Rohan Prakash, Byron Ramesh, Sarah Rasip, Jacob Reading, Mariam Rela, Anna Reyes, Robert Stephens, Martin Rooms, Karishma Shah, Henry Simons, Shalil Solanki, Emma Spowart, Amy Stevens, Christopher Thomas, Helena Waggett, Arrash Yassaee, Anthony Kennedy, Sara Scott, Sameer Somanath, Andrew Berg, Miguel Hernandez, Rajesh Nanda, Ghanshyambhai Tank, Natalie Wilson, Debbie Wilson, Yassr Al-Soudaine, Matthew Baldwin, Julie Cornish, Zoe Davies, Leigh Davies, Marc Edwards, Natasha Frewer, Sian Gallard, James Glasbey, Rhiannon Harries, Luke Hopkins, Taeyang Kim, Vilavan Koompirochana, Simon Lawson, Megan Lewis, Zaid Makzal, Sarah Scourfield, Yousra Ahmad, Sarah Bates, Clare Blackwell, Helen Bryant, Hannah 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Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Royal Free Hospital [London, UK], NHS Foundation Trust [London], The Royal Marsden, University of Cape Town, Linköping university hospital, University of Edinburgh, Abbott, T E F, Ahmad, T, Phull, M K, Fowler, A J, Hewson, R, Biccard, B M, Chew, M S, Gillies, M, Pearse RM, Beattie S, Clavien PA, Demartines N, Fleisher LA, Grocott M, Haddow J, Hoeft A, Holt P, Moreno R, Pritchard N, Rhodes A, Wijeysundera D, Wilson M, Ahmed T, Everingham K, Hewson R, Januszewska M, Phull MK, Halliwell R, Shulman M, Myles P, Schmid W, Hiesmayr M, Wouters P, de Hert S, Lobo S, Fang X, Rasmussen L, Futier E, Biais M, Venara A, Slim K, Sander M, Koulenti D, Arvaniti K, Chan M, Kulkarni A, Chandra S, Tantri A, Geddoa E, Abbas M, Della Rocca G, Sivasakthi D, Mansor M, Luna P, Bouwman A, Buhre W, Beavis V, Campbell D, Short T, Osinaike T, Matos R, Grigoras I, Kirov M, Protsenko D, Biccard B, Aldecoa C, Chew M, Hofer C, Hubner M, Ditai J, Szakmany T, Fleisher L, Ferguson 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Kliemann M, Hubert Ribeiro GL, Fraga JM, Netto TM, Pozza LV, Wendling PR, Azevedo C, Garcia J, Lopes M, Maia B, Maselli P, Melo R, Mendes W, Neves M, Ney J, Piras C, Applewhaite C, Carr A, Chow L, Duttchen K, Foglia J, Greene M, Hinther A, Houston K, McCormick TJ, Mikhayel J, Montasser S, Ragan A, Suen A, Woolsey A, Yu HC, Funk D, Kowalski S, Legaspi R, McDonald H, Siddiqui F, Pridham J, Rowe B, Sampson S, Thiessen B, Zbitnew G, Bernard A, George R, Jones P, Moor R, Siddiqui N, Wolfer A, Tran D, Winch D, Dobson G, McCormick T, Montasser O, Hall R, Baghirzada L, Curley G, Dai SY, Hare G, Lee E, Shastri U, Tsui A, Yagnik A, Alvares D, Choi S, Dwyer H, Flores K, McCartney C, Somascanthan P, Carroll J, Pazmino-Canizares J, Wolfer A, Ami N, Chan V, Perlas A, Argue R, Huang Y, Lavis K, Mayson K, Cao Y, Gao H, Hu T, Lv J, Yang J, Yang Y, Zhong Y, Zhou J, Zou X, He M, Li X, Luo D, Wang H, Yu T, Chen L, Wang L, Cai Y, Cao Z, Li Y, Lian J, Sun H, Wang S, Wang Z, Wang K, Zhu Y, Du X, Fan H, Fu Y, Huang L, Huang Y, Hwan H, Luo H, Qu PS, Tao F, Wang Z, Wang G, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen C, Wang W, Liu Z, Fan L, Tang J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Han Y, Huang C, Liang G, Shen J, Wang J, Yang Q, Zhen J, Zhou H, Chen J, Chen Z, Li X, Meng B, Ye H, Zhang X, Bi Y, Cao J, Guo F, Lin H, Liu Y, Lv M, Shi P, Song X, Sun C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang M, Chen R, Hou J, Leng Y, Meng QT, Qian L, Shen ZY, Xia ZY, Xue R, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhou XJ, Chen Q, Guo H, Guo Y, Qi Y, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhang W, Zheng L, Bao Q, Chen Y, Chen Y, Fei Y, Hu N, Hu X, Lei M, Li X, Lv X, Miao F, Ouyang L, Qian L, Shen C, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Wu C, Xu L, Yuan J, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhao C, Zhao L, Zheng T, Zhou D, Zhou H, Zhou C, Lu K, Zhao T, He C, Chen H, Chen S, Cheng B, He J, Jin L, Li C, Li H, Pan Y, Shi Y, Wen XH, Wu S, Xie G, Zhang K, Zhao B, Lu X, Chen F, Liang Q, Lin X, Ling Y, Liu G, Tao J, Yang L, Zhou J, Chen F, Cheng Z, Dai H, Feng Y, Hou B, Gong H, Hu CH, Huang H, Huang J, Jiang Z, Li M, Lin J, Liu M, Liu W, Liu Z, Liu Z, Luo F, Ma L, Min J, Shi X, Song Z, Wan X, Xiong Y, Xu L, Yang S, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao L, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zhu X, Bai Y, Chen L, Chen S, Dai Q, Geng W, Han K, He X, Huang L, Ji B, Jia D, Jin S, Li Q, Liang D, Luo S, Lwang L, Mo Y, Pan Y, Qi X, Qian M, Qin J, Ren Y, Shi Y, Wang J, Wang J, Wang L, Xie J, Yan Y, Yao Y, Zhang M, Zhao J, Zhuang X, Ai Y, Du F, He L, Huang L, Li Z, Li H, Li Y, Li L, Meng S, Yuan Y, Zhang E, Zhang J, Zhao S, Ji Z, Pei L, Wang L, Chen C, Dong B, Li J, Miao Z, Mu H, Qin C, Su L, Wen Z, Xie K, Yu Y, Yuan F, Hu X, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Zhu Z, Dai Q, Fu K, Hu R, Hu X, Huang S, Li Y, Liang Y, Yu S, Guo Z, Jing Y, Tang N, Wu J, Yuan D, Zhang R, Zhao X, Li Y, Bai HP, Liu CX, Liu FF, Ren W, Wang XL, Xu GJ, Hu N, Li B, Ou Y, Tang Y, Yao S, Zhang S, Kong CC, Liu B, Wang T, Xiao W, Lu B, Xia Y, Zhou J, Cai F, Chen P, Hu S, Wang H, Xu Q, Hu L, Jing L, Li B, Liu Q, Liu Y, Lu X, Peng ZD, Qiu X, Ren Q, Tong Y, Wang J, Wen Y, Wu Q, Xia J, Xie J, Xiong X, Xu S, Yang T, Ye H, Yin N, Yuan J, Zeng Q, Zhang B, Zheng K, Cang J, Chen S, Fan Y, Fu S, Ge X, Guo B, Huang W, Jiang L, Jiang X, Liu Y, Pan Y, Ren Y, Shan Q, Wang J, Wang F, Wu C, Zhang X, Christiansen IC, Granum SN, Rasmussen BS, Daugaard M, Gambhir R, Brandsborg B, Steingrímsdóttir GE, Jensen-Gadegaard P, Olsen KS, Siegel H, Eskildsen KZ, Gätke MR, Wibrandt I, Heintzelmann SB, Wiborg Lange KH, Lundsgaard RS, Amstrup-Hansen L, Hovendal C, Larsen M, Lenstrup M, Kobborg T, Larsen JR, Pedersen AB, Smith SH, Oestervig RM, Afshari A, Andersen C, Ekelund K, Secher EL, Beloeil H, Lasocki S, Ouattara A, Sineus M, Molliex S, Legouge ML, Wallet F, Tesniere A, Gaudin C, Lehur P, Forsans E, de Rudnicki S, Maudet VS, Mutter D, Sojod G, Ouaissi M, Regimbeau JM, Desbordes J, Comptaer N, Manser DE, Ethgen S, Lebuffe G, Auer P, Härtl C, Deja M, Legashov K, Sonnemann S, Wiegand-Loehnert C, Falk E, Habicher M, Angermair S, Laetsch B, Schmidt K, Von Heymann C, Ramminger A, Jelschen F, Pabel S, Weyland A, Czeslick E, Gille J, Malcharek M, Sablotzki A, Lueke K, Wetzel P, Weimann J, Lenhart FP, Reichle F, Schirmer F, Hüppe M, Klotz K, Nau C, Schön J, Mencke T, Wasmund C, Bankewitz C, Baumgarten G, Fleischer A, Guttenthaler V, Hack Y, Kirchgaessner K, Männer O, Schurig-Urbaniak M, Struck R, van Zyl R, Wittmann M, Goebel U, Harris S, Veit S, Andreadaki E, Souri F, Katsiadramis I, Skoufi A, Vasileiou M, Aimoniotou-Georgiou E, Katsourakis A, Veroniki F, Vlachogianni G, Petra K, Chlorou D, Oloktsidou E, Ourailoglou V, Papapostolou K, Tsaousi G, Daikou P, Dedemadi G, Kalaitzopoulos I, Loumpias C, Bristogiannis S, Dafnios N, Gkiokas G, Kontis E, Kozompoli D, Papailia A, Theodosopoulos T, Bizios C, Koutsikou A, Moustaka A, Plaitakis I, Armaganidis A, Christodoulopoulou T, Lignos M, Theodorakopoulou M, Asimakos A, Ischaki E, Tsagkaraki A, Zakynthinos S, Antoniadou E, Koutelidakis I, Lathyris D, Pozidou I, Voloudakis N, Dalamagka M, Elena G, Chronis C, Manolakaki D, 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Ponireas P, Chaloulis P, Provatidis A, Sousana A, Gardikou VV, Konstantivelli M, Lataniotou O, Lisari E, Margaroni M, Stamatiou K, Nikolaidis E, Pnevmatikos I, Sertaridou E, Andreou A, Arkalaki E, Athanasakis E, Chaniotaki F, Chatzimichali CA, Christofaki M, Dermitzaki D, Fiorentza K, Frantzeskos G, Geromarkaki E, Kafkalaki K, Kalogridaki M, Karydi K, Kokkini S, Kougentakis G, Lefaki T, Lilitsis E, Makatounaki A, Malliotakis P, Michelakis D, Neonaki M, Nyktari V, Palikyra I, Papadakis E, Papaioannou A, Sfakianakis K, Sgouraki M, Souvatzis X, Spartinou A, Stefanidou N, Syrogianni P, Tsagkaraki G, Arnaoutoglou E, Arnaoutoglou C, Bali C, Bouris V, Doumos R, Gkini KP, Kapaktsi C, Koulouras V, Lena A, Lepida D, Michos E, Papadopoulos D, Paschopoulos M, Rompou VA, Siouti I, Tsampalas S, Ververidou O, Zilis G, Charlalampidoy A, Christodoulidis G, Flossos A, Stamoulis K, Chan M, Tsang MSC, Tsang MS, Lai ML, Yip CP, Heymans Chan HM, Law B, Li WS, Chu HM, Koo EGY, Lam CCJ, Cheng KH, Lam T, Chu S, Lam WY, Wong KWK, Kwok D, Hung CYJ, Chan WKJ, Wong WL, Chung CKE, Ma SK, Kaushik S, Shah B, Shah D, Shah S, Ar P, Muthuchellappan R, Agarwal V, Divatia J, Mishra S, Nimje G, Pande S, Savarkar S, Shrivastava A, Thomas M, Yegnaram S, Hidayatullah R, Puar N, Niman S, Indra I, Hamzah Z, Yuliana A, Abidin UN, Dursin AN, Kurnia A, Susanti A, Handayani D, Alit MA, Arya A, Senapathi TGA, Utara UH, Wid WM, Wima S, Wir WM, Jehosua B, Kaunang J, Lantang EY, Najoan R, Waworuntu N, Awad H, Fuad A, Geddoa B, Khalaf AR, Al Hussaini S, Albaj S, Kenber M, Bettinelli A, Spadaro S, AlbertoVolta C, Giancarlo L, Sottosanti V, Copetti E, Spagnesi L, Toretti I, Alloj C, Cardellino S, Carmino L, Costanzo E, Fanfani LC, Novelli MT, Roasio A, Bellandi M, Beretta L, Bignami E, Bocchino S, Cabrini L, Corti D, Landoni G, Meroni R, Moizo E, Monti G, Pintaudi M, Plumari VP, Taddeo D, Testa V, Winterton D, Zangrillo A, Cloro LM, Colangelo C, Colangelo A, Rotunno G, Paludi MA, Maria CP, Pata A, Parrini V, Gatta A, 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M, Shah K, Simons H, Solanki S, Spowart E, Stevens A, Thomas C, Waggett H, Yassaee A, Kennedy A, Scott S, Somanath S, Berg A, Hernandez M, Nanda R, Tank G, Wilson N, Wilson D, Al-Soudaine Y, Baldwin M, Cornish J, Davies Z, Davies L, Edwards M, Frewer N, Gallard S, Glasbey J, Harries R, Hopkins L, Kim T, Koompirochana V, Lawson S, Lewis M, Makzal Z, Scourfield S, Ahmad Y, Bates S, Blackwell C, Bryant H, Collins H, Coulter S, Cruickshank R, Daniel S, Daubeny T, Edwards M, Golder K, Hawkins L, Helen B, Hinxman H, Levett D, Salmon K, Seaward L, Skinner B, Tyrell B, Wadams B, Walsgrove J, Dickson J, Constantin K, Karen M, O'Brien P, O'Donohoe L, Payne H, Sundayi S, Walker E, Brooke J, Cardy J, Humphreys S, Kessack L, Kubitzek C, Kumar S, Cotterill D, Hodzovic E, Hosdurga G, Miles E, Saunders G, Campbell M, Chan P, Jemmett K, Raj A, Naik A, Oshowo A, Ramamoorthy R, Shah N, Sylvan A, Blyth K, Burtenshaw A, Freeman D, Johnson E, Lo P, Martin T, Plunkett E, Wollaston J, Allison J, Carroll C, Craw N, Craw S, Pitt-Kerby T, Rowland-Axe R, Spurdle K, McDonald A, Simon D, Sinha V, Smith T, Banner-Goodspeed V, Boone M, Campbell K, Lu F, Scannell J, Sobol J, Balajonda N, Clemmons K, Conde C, Elgasim M, Funk B, Hall R, Hopkins T, Olaleye O, Omer O, Pender M, Porto A, Stevens A, Waweru P, Yeh E, Bodansky D, Evans A, Kleopoulos S, Maril R, Mathney E, Sanchez A, Tinuoye E, Bateman B, Eng K, Jiang N, Ladha K, Needleman J, Chen LL, Lane R, Robinowitz D, Ghushe N, Irshad M, O'Connor J, Patel S, Takemoto S, Wallace A, Mazzeffi M, Rock P, Wallace K, Zhu X, Chua P, Mattera M, Sharar R, Thilen S, Treggiari M, Morgan A, Sofjan I, Subramaniam K, Avidan M, Maybrier H, Muench M, Wildes T., Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Queen Mary University of London [QMUL], Graduate School, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, 01 Internal and external specialisms, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, ACS - Microcirculation, Pearse, R M, International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISO), Group, Zangrillo, A, Landoni, G, Beretta, L., International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS) group, Pearse, R.M., Beattie, S., Clavien, P.A., Demartines, N., Fleisher, L.A., Grocott, M., Haddow, J., Hoeft, A., Holt, P., Moreno, R., Pritchard, N., Rhodes, A., Wijeysundera, D., Wilson, M., Ahmed, T., Everingham, K., Hewson, R., Januszewska, M., Phull, M.K., Halliwell, R., Shulman, M., Myles, P., Schmid, W., Hiesmayr, M., Wouters, P., de Hert, S., Lobo, S., Fang, X., Rasmussen, L., Futier, E., Biais, M., Venara, A., Slim, K., Sander, M., Koulenti, D., Arvaniti, K., Chan, M., Kulkarni, A., Chandra, S., Tantri, A., Geddoa, E., Abbas, M., Della Rocca, G., Sivasakthi, D., Mansor, M., Luna, P., Bouwman, A., Buhre, W., Beavis, V., Campbell, D., Short, T., Osinaike, T., Matos, R., Grigoras, I., Kirov, M., Protsenko, D., Biccard, B., Aldecoa, C., Chew, M., Hofer, C., Hubner, M., Ditai, J., Szakmany, T., Fleisher, L., Ferguson, M., MacMahon, M., Cherian, R., Currow, H., Kanathiban, K., Gillespie, D., Pathmanathan, E., Phillips, K., Reynolds, J., Rowley, J., Douglas, J., Kerridge, R., Garg, S., Bennett, M., Jain, M., Alcock, D., Terblanche, N., Cotter, R., Leslie, K., Stewart, M., Zingerle, N., Clyde, A., Hambidge, O., Rehak, A., Cotterell, S., Huynh, WBQ, McCulloch, T., Ben-Menachem, E., Egan, T., Cope, J., Fellinger, P., Haisjackl, M., Haselberger, S., Holaubek, C., Lichtenegger, P., Scherz, F., Hoffer, F., Cakova, V., Eichwalder, A., Fischbach, N., Klug, R., Schneider, E., Vesely, M., Wickenhauser, R., Grubmueller, K.G., Leitgeb, M., Lang, F., Toro, N., Bauer, M., Laengle, F., Haberl, C., Mayrhofer, T., Trybus, C., Buerkle, C., Forstner, K., Germann, R., Rinoesl, H., Schindler, E., Trampitsch, E., Bogner, G., Dankl, D., Duenser, M., Fritsch, G., Gradwohl-Matis, I., Hartmann, A., Hoelzenbein, T., Jaeger, T., Landauer, F., Lindl, G., Lux, M., Steindl, J., Stundner, O., Szabo, C., Bidgoli, J., Verdoodt, H., Forget, P., Kahn, D., Lois, F., Momeni, M., Prégardien, C., Pospiech, A., Steyaert, A., Veevaete, L., De Kegel, D., De Jongh, K., Foubert, L., Smitz, C., Vercauteren, M., Poelaert, J., Van Mossevelde, V., Abeloos, J., Bouchez, S., Coppens, M., De Baerdemaeker, L., Deblaere, I., De Bruyne, A., Fonck, K., Heyse, B., Jacobs, T., Lapage, K., Moerman, A., Neckebroek, M., Parashchanka, A., Roels, N., Van Den Eynde, N., Vandenheuvel, M., Limmen, J., Vanluchene, A., Vanpeteghem, C., Wyffels, P., Huygens, C., Vandenbempt, P., Van de Velde, M., Dylst, D., Janssen, B., Schreurs, E., Aleixo, F.B., Candido, K., Batista, H.D., Guimarães, M., Guizeline, J., Hoffmann, J., Lobo, FRM, Nascimento, V., Nishiyama, K., Pazetto, L., Souza, D., Rodrigues, R.S., Vilela Dos Santos, A.M., Jardim, J., Sá Malbouisson, L.M., Silva, J., Nascimento Junior, P.D., Baio, T.H., Pereira de Castro, G.I., Watanabe Oliveira, H.R., Amendola, C.P., Cardoso, G., Ortega, D., Brotto, A.F., De Oliveira, M.C., Réa-Neto, Á., Dias, F., Travi, M.E., Zerman, L., Azambuja, P., Knibel, M.F., Martins, A., Almeida, W., Neto, C.N., Tardelli, M.A., Caser, E., Machado, M., Aguzzoli, C., Baldisserotto, S., Tabajara, F.B., Bettega, F., Rodrigues Júnior, H.C., de Gasperi, J., Faina, L., Nolasco, M.F., Ferreira da Costa Fischer, B., Fosch de Campos Ferreira, M., Hartmann, C., Kliemann, M., Hubert Ribeiro, G.L., Fraga, J.M., Netto, T.M., Pozza, L.V., Wendling, P.R., Azevedo, C., Garcia, J., Lopes, M., Maia, B., Maselli, P., Melo, R., Mendes, W., Neves, M., Ney, J., Piras, C., Applewhaite, C., Carr, A., Chow, L., Duttchen, K., Foglia, J., Greene, M., Hinther, A., Houston, K., McCormick, T.J., Mikhayel, J., Montasser, S., Ragan, A., Suen, A., Woolsey, A., Yu, H.C., Funk, D., Kowalski, S., Legaspi, R., McDonald, H., Siddiqui, F., Pridham, J., Rowe, B., Sampson, S., Thiessen, B., Zbitnew, G., Bernard, A., George, R., Jones, P., Moor, R., Siddiqui, N., Wolfer, A., Tran, D., Winch, D., Dobson, G., McCormick, T., Montasser, O., Hall, R., Baghirzada, L., Curley, G., Dai, S.Y., Hare, G., Lee, E., Shastri, U., Tsui, A., Yagnik, A., Alvares, D., Choi, S., Dwyer, H., Flores, K., McCartney, C., Somascanthan, P., Carroll, J., Pazmino-Canizares, J., Ami, N., Chan, V., Perlas, A., Argue, R., Huang, Y., Lavis, K., Mayson, K., Cao, Y., Gao, H., Hu, T., Lv, J., Yang, J., Yang, Y., Zhong, Y., Zhou, J., Zou, X., He, M., Li, X., Luo, D., Wang, H., Yu, T., Chen, L., Wang, L., Cai, Y., Cao, Z., Li, Y., Lian, J., Sun, H., Wang, S., Wang, Z., Wang, K., Zhu, Y., Du, X., Fan, H., Fu, Y., Huang, L., Hwan, H., Luo, H., Qu, P.S., Tao, F., Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, C., Wang, W., Liu, Z., Fan, L., Tang, J., Chen, Y., Han, Y., Huang, C., Liang, G., Shen, J., Wang, J., Yang, Q., Zhen, J., Zhou, H., Chen, J., Chen, Z., Meng, B., Ye, H., Bi, Y., Cao, J., Guo, F., Lin, H., Liu, Y., Lv, M., Shi, P., Song, X., Sun, C., Sun, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, M., Chen, R., Hou, J., Leng, Y., Meng, Q.T., Qian, L., Shen, Z.Y., Xia, Z.Y., Xue, R., Zhao, B., Zhou, X.J., Chen, Q., Guo, H., Guo, Y., Qi, Y., Wei, J., Zhang, W., Zheng, L., Bao, Q., Fei, Y., Hu, N., Hu, X., Lei, M., Lv, X., Miao, F., Ouyang, L., Shen, C., Wang, D., Wu, C., Xu, L., Yuan, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Zhao, J., Zhao, C., Zhao, L., Zheng, T., Zhou, D., Zhou, C., Lu, K., Zhao, T., He, C., Chen, H., Chen, S., Cheng, B., He, J., Jin, L., Li, C., Li, H., Pan, Y., Shi, Y., Wen, X.H., Wu, S., Xie, G., Zhang, K., Lu, X., Chen, F., Liang, Q., Lin, X., Ling, Y., Liu, G., Tao, J., Yang, L., Cheng, Z., Dai, H., Feng, Y., Hou, B., Gong, H., Hu, C.H., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, Z., Li, M., Lin, J., Liu, M., Liu, W., Luo, F., Ma, L., Min, J., Shi, X., Song, Z., Wan, X., Xiong, Y., Yang, S., Zhang, Q., Zhao, W., Zhu, X., Bai, Y., Dai, Q., Geng, W., Han, K., He, X., Ji, B., Jia, D., Jin, S., Li, Q., Liang, D., Luo, S., Lwang, L., Mo, Y., Qi, X., Qian, M., Qin, J., Ren, Y., Xie, J., Yan, Y., Yao, Y., Zhuang, X., Ai, Y., Du, F., He, L., Li, Z., Li, L., Meng, S., Yuan, Y., Zhang, E., Zhang, J., Zhao, S., Ji, Z., Pei, L., Dong, B., Li, J., Miao, Z., Mu, H., Qin, C., Su, L., Wen, Z., Xie, K., Yu, Y., Yuan, F., Xiao, W., Zhu, Z., Fu, K., Hu, R., Huang, S., Liang, Y., Yu, S., Guo, Z., Jing, Y., Tang, N., Wu, J., Yuan, D., Zhang, R., Zhao, X., Bai, H.P., Liu, C.X., Liu, F.F., Ren, W., Wang, X.L., Xu, G.J., Li, B., Ou, Y., Tang, Y., Yao, S., Zhang, S., Kong, C.C., Liu, B., Wang, T., Lu, B., Xia, Y., Cai, F., Chen, P., Hu, S., Xu, Q., Hu, L., Jing, L., Liu, Q., Peng, Z.D., Qiu, X., Ren, Q., Tong, Y., Wen, Y., Wu, Q., Xia, J., Xiong, X., Xu, S., Yang, T., Yin, N., Zeng, Q., Zhang, B., Zheng, K., Cang, J., Fan, Y., Fu, S., Ge, X., Guo, B., Huang, W., Jiang, L., Jiang, X., Shan, Q., Wang, F., Christiansen, I.C., Granum, S.N., Rasmussen, B.S., Daugaard, M., Gambhir, R., Brandsborg, B., Steingrímsdóttir, G.E., Jensen-Gadegaard, P., Olsen, K.S., Siegel, H., Eskildsen, K.Z., Gätke, M.R., Wibrandt, I., Heintzelmann, S.B., Wiborg Lange, K.H., Lundsgaard, R.S., Amstrup-Hansen, L., Hovendal, C., Larsen, M., Lenstrup, M., Kobborg, T., Larsen, J.R., Pedersen, A.B., Smith, S.H., Oestervig, R.M., Afshari, A., Andersen, C., Ekelund, K., Secher, E.L., Beloeil, H., Lasocki, S., Ouattara, A., Sineus, M., Molliex, S., Legouge, M.L., Wallet, F., Tesniere, A., Gaudin, C., Lehur, P., Forsans, E., de Rudnicki, S., Maudet, V.S., Mutter, D., Sojod, G., Ouaissi, M., Regimbeau, J.M., Desbordes, J., Comptaer, N., Manser, D.E., Ethgen, S., Lebuffe, G., Auer, P., Härtl, C., Deja, M., Legashov, K., Sonnemann, S., Wiegand-Loehnert, C., Falk, E., Habicher, M., Angermair, S., Laetsch, B., Schmidt, K., Von Heymann, C., Ramminger, A., Jelschen, F., Pabel, S., Weyland, A., Czeslick, E., Gille, J., Malcharek, M., Sablotzki, A., Lueke, K., Wetzel, P., Weimann, J., Lenhart, F.P., Reichle, F., Schirmer, F., Hüppe, M., Klotz, K., Nau, C., Schön, J., Mencke, T., Wasmund, C., Bankewitz, C., Baumgarten, G., Fleischer, A., Guttenthaler, V., Hack, Y., Kirchgaessner, K., Männer, O., Schurig-Urbaniak, M., Struck, R., van Zyl, R., Wittmann, M., Goebel, U., Harris, S., Veit, S., Andreadaki, E., Souri, F., Katsiadramis, I., Skoufi, A., Vasileiou, M., Aimoniotou-Georgiou, E., Katsourakis, A., Veroniki, F., Vlachogianni, G., Petra, K., Chlorou, D., Oloktsidou, E., Ourailoglou, V., Papapostolou, K., Tsaousi, G., Daikou, P., Dedemadi, G., Kalaitzopoulos, I., Loumpias, C., Bristogiannis, S., Dafnios, N., Gkiokas, G., Kontis, E., Kozompoli, D., Papailia, A., Theodosopoulos, T., Bizios, C., Koutsikou, A., Moustaka, A., Plaitakis, I., Armaganidis, A., Christodoulopoulou, T., Lignos, M., Theodorakopoulou, M., Asimakos, A., Ischaki, E., Tsagkaraki, A., Zakynthinos, S., Antoniadou, E., Koutelidakis, I., Lathyris, D., Pozidou, I., Voloudakis, N., Dalamagka, M., Elena, G., Chronis, C., Manolakaki, D., Mosxogiannidis, D., Slepova, T., Tsakiridou, I.S., Lampiri, C., Vachlioti, A., Panagiotakis, C., Sfyras, D., Tsimpoukas, F., Tsirogianni, A., Axioti, E., Filippopoulos, A., Kalliafa, E., Kassavetis, G., Katralis, P., Komnos, I., Pilichos, G., Ravani, I., Totis, A., Apagaki, E., Efthymiadi, A., Kampagiannis, N., Paraforou, T., Tsioka, A., Georgiou, G., Vakalos, A., Bairaktari, A., Charitos, E., Markou, G., Niforopoulou, P., Papakonstantinou, N., Tsigou, E., Xifara, A., Zoulamoglou, M., Gkioni, P., Karatzas, S., Kyparissi, A., Mainas, E., Papapanagiotou, I., Papavasilopoulou, T., Fragandreas, G., Georgopoulou, E., Katsika, E., Psarras, K., Synekidou, E., Verroiotou, M., Vetsiou, E., Zaimi, D., Anagnou, A., Apostolou, K., Melissopoulou, T., Rozenberg, T., Tsigris, C., Boutsikos, G., Kalles, V., Kotsalas, N., Lavdaiou, C., Paikou, F., Panagou, G.L., Spring, A., Botis, I., Drimala, M., Georgakakis, G., Kiourtzieva, E., Ntouma, P., Prionas, A., Xouplidis, K., Dalampini, E., Giannaki, C., Iasonidou, C., Ioannidis, O., Lavrentieva, A., Papageorgiou, G., Kokkinoy, M., Stafylaraki, M., Gaitanakis, S., Karydakis, P., Paltoglou, J., Ponireas, P., Chaloulis, P., Provatidis, A., Sousana, A., Gardikou, V.V., Konstantivelli, M., Lataniotou, O., Lisari, E., Margaroni, M., Stamatiou, K., Nikolaidis, E., Pnevmatikos, I., Sertaridou, E., Andreou, A., Arkalaki, E., Athanasakis, E., Chaniotaki, F., Chatzimichali, C.A., Christofaki, M., Dermitzaki, D., Fiorentza, K., Frantzeskos, G., Geromarkaki, E., Kafkalaki, K., Kalogridaki, M., Karydi, K., Kokkini, S., Kougentakis, G., Lefaki, T., Lilitsis, E., Makatounaki, A., Malliotakis, P., Michelakis, D., Neonaki, M., Nyktari, V., Palikyra, I., Papadakis, E., Papaioannou, A., Sfakianakis, K., Sgouraki, M., Souvatzis, X., Spartinou, A., Stefanidou, N., Syrogianni, P., Tsagkaraki, G., Arnaoutoglou, E., Arnaoutoglou, C., Bali, C., Bouris, V., Doumos, R., Gkini, K.P., Kapaktsi, C., Koulouras, V., Lena, A., Lepida, D., Michos, E., Papadopoulos, D., Paschopoulos, M., Rompou, V.A., Siouti, I., Tsampalas, S., Ververidou, O., Zilis, G., Charlalampidoy, A., Christodoulidis, G., Flossos, A., Stamoulis, K., Tsang, MSC, Tsang, M.S., Lai, M.L., Yip, C.P., Heymans Chan, H.M., Law, B., Li, W.S., Chu, H.M., Koo, EGY, Lam, CCJ, Cheng, K.H., Lam, T., Chu, S., Lam, W.Y., Wong, KWK, Kwok, D., Hung, CYJ, Chan, WKJ, Wong, W.L., Chung, CKE, Ma, S.K., Kaushik, S., Shah, B., Shah, D., Shah, S., Ar, P., Muthuchellappan, R., Agarwal, V., Divatia, J., Mishra, S., Nimje, G., Pande, S., Savarkar, S., Shrivastava, A., Thomas, M., Yegnaram, S., Hidayatullah, R., Puar, N., Niman, S., Indra, I., Hamzah, Z., Yuliana, A., Abidin, U.N., Dursin, A.N., Kurnia, A., Susanti, A., Handayani, D., Alit, M.A., Arya, A., Senapathi, TGA, Utara, U.H., Wid, W.M., Wima, S., Wir, W.M., Jehosua, B., Kaunang, J., Lantang, E.Y., Najoan, R., Waworuntu, N., Awad, H., Fuad, A., Geddoa, B., Khalaf, A.R., Al Hussaini, S., Albaj, S., Kenber, M., Bettinelli, A., Spadaro, S., AlbertoVolta, C., Giancarlo, L., Sottosanti, V., Copetti, E., Spagnesi, L., Toretti, I., Alloj, C., Cardellino, S., Carmino, L., Costanzo, E., Fanfani, L.C., Novelli, M.T., Roasio, A., Bellandi, M., Bignami, E., Bocchino, S., Cabrini, L., Corti, D., Landoni, G., Meroni, R., Moizo, E., Monti, G., Pintaudi, M., Plumari, V.P., Taddeo, D., Testa, V., Winterton, D., Zangrillo, A., Cloro, L.M., Colangelo, C., Colangelo, A., Rotunno, G., Paludi, M.A., Maria, C.P., Pata, A., Parrini, V., Gatta, A., Nastasi, M., Tinti, C., Baroselli, A., Arrigo, M., Benevento, A., Bottini, C., Cannavo', M., Gastaldi, C., Marchesi, A., Pascazio, A., Pata, F., Pozzi, E., Premoli, A., Tessera, G., Boschi, L., D'Andrea, R., Ghignone, F., Poggioli, G., Sibilio, A., Taffurelli, M., Ugolini, G., Ab Majid, M.A., Ab Rahman, R., Joseph, J., Pathan, F., Sybil Shah, M.H., Yap, H.L., Cheah, S., Chin, I.I., Looi, J.K., Tan, S.C., Visvalingam, S., Kwok, F.Y., Lee, C.K., Tan, T.S., Wong, S.M., Abdullah, N.H., Liew, C.F., Luxuman, L., Mohd Zin, N.H., Norddin, M.F., Raja Alias, R.L., Wong, J.Y., Yong, J., Bin Mustapha, M.T., Chan, W.K., Dzulkipli, N., Kuan, P.X., Lee, Y.C., Alias, A., Guok, E.C., Jee, C.C., Ramon, B.R., Wong, C.W., Abd Ghafar, FNI, Aziz, F.Z., Hussain, N., Lee, H.S., Sukawi, I., Woon, Y.L., Abd Hadi, H.Z., Ahmad Azam, U.A., Alias, A.H., Kesut, S.A., Lee, J.M., Ooi, D.V., Sulaiman, H.A., Lih, TAT, Veerakumaran, J., Rojas, E., Resendiz, GEA, Zapata, DDM, López, JCJA, Flores, AAA, Amador, JCB, Avila, EJD, Aquino, LPG, Rodriguez, R.L., Landa, M.T., Urias, E., Hollmann, M., Hulst, A., Benedikt Preckel, O.K., Gemert, A.K., Buise, M., Tolenaar, N., Weber, E., de Fretes, J., Houweling, P., Ormskerk, P., Van Bommel, J., Lance, M., Smit-Fun, V., van Zundert, T., Baas, P., de Boer, H.D., Sprakel, J., Elferink-Vonk, R., Noordzij, P., van Zeggeren, L., Brand, B., Spanjersberg, R., Bokkel-Andela, J.T., Numan, S., van Klei, W., van Zaane, B., Boer, C., van Duivenvoorde, Y., Hering, J.P., van Rossum, S., Zonneveldt, H., Hoare, S., Santa, S., Ali, M., Allen, S.J., Bell, R., Choi, H.D., Drake, M., Farrell, H., Hayes, K., Higgie, K., Holmes, K., Jenkins, N., Kim, C.J., Kim, S., Law, K.C., McAllister, D., Park, K., Pedersen, K., Pfeifer, L., Pozaroszczyk, A., Salmond, T., Steynor, M., Tan, M., Waymouth, E., Ab Rahman, A.S., Armstrong, J., Dudson, R., Nilakant, J., Richard, S., Virdi, P., Dixon, L., Donohue, R., Farrow, M., Kennedy, R., Marissa, H., McKellow, M., Nicola, D., Pascoe, R., Roberts, S.J., Rowell, G., Sumner, M., Templer, P., Chandrasekharan, S., Fulton, G., Jammer, I., More, R., Wilson, L., Chang, Y.H., Foley, J., Fowler, C., Panckhurst, J., Sara, R., Stapelberg, F., Cherrett, V., Ganter, D.L., McCann, L., Gilmour, F., Lumsden, R., Moores, M., Olliff, S., Sardareva, E., Tai, J., Wikner, M., Wong, C., Chaddock, M., Czepanski, C., McKendry, P., Polakovic, D., Polakovich, D., Robert, A., Belda, M.T., Norton, T., Alherz, F., Barneto, L., Ramirez, A., Sayeed, A., Smith, N., Bennett, C., McQuoid, S., Jansen, T.L., Nico, Z., Scott, J., Freschini, D., Freschini, A., 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Subramaniam, K., Avidan, M., Maybrier, H., Muench, M., and Wildes, T.
Subjects: Male, Postoperative Complications/epidemiology, Hospital mortality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], surgery, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, cohort studies, 030202 anesthesiology, patient safety, 030212 general & internal medicine, Postoperative Period, Medicine(all), Middle Aged, Checklist, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, operative/mortality, Elective Surgical Procedures, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Meta-analysis, Cohort, Cohort studies, Female, Elective Surgical Procedure, postoperative care/methods, postoperative care/statistics and numerical data, surgical procedures, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based medicine, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, medicine, postoperative care/method, Humans, Elective Surgical Procedures/standards, Aged, Cohort Studies, Evidence-Based Medicine, Hospital Mortality, Patient Safety, Postoperative Complications/mortality, Postoperative Complications/prevention & control, Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods, business.industry, Odds ratio, Surgery, Observational study, business, cohort studie
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool.METHODS: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.RESULTS: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32-0.77); PCONCLUSIONS: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine.
Published: 2018

10. COMMITTED TO IMPROVING HEALTHCARE? BE SURE TO VOTE.

Author: Baker KA
Subjects: Humans, United States, Delivery of Health Care standards, Quality Improvement, Politics
Abstract: Competing Interests: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2024
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11. Enriched Environment Contributes to the Recovery from Neurotoxin-Induced Parkinson's Disease Pathology.

Author: Alcalá-Zúniga D, Espinoza-Torres E, Das RK, Vargas M, Maldonado O, Benavides O, Manojkumar A, de la Garza R, Davila N, Perez I, Martinez AH, Roy D, López-Juárez A, Zarei MM, Baker KA, Gil M, Rodrigo H, de Erausquin GA, and Roy U
Subjects: Animals, Neurotoxins toxicity, Environment, Male, Dopamine metabolism, Protein Deglycase DJ-1 metabolism, Protein Deglycase DJ-1 genetics, Mice, Dopaminergic Neurons metabolism, Dopaminergic Neurons pathology, Dopaminergic Neurons drug effects, Behavior, Animal, Recovery of Function drug effects, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Parkinson Disease pathology
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that affects dopaminergic neurons. The lack of understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of PD pathology makes treating it a challenge. Several pieces of evidence support the protective role of enriched environment (EE) and exercise on dopaminergic neurons. The specific aspect(s) of neuroprotection after exposure to EE have not been identified. Therefore, we have investigated the protective role of EE on dopamine dysregulation and subsequent downregulation of DJ1 protein using in vitro and in vivo models of PD. Our study for the first time demonstrated that DJ1 expression has a direct correlation with dopamine downregulation in PD models and exposure to EE has a significant impact on improving the behavioral changes in PD mice. This research provides evidence that exercise in EE has a positive effect on PD without interfering with the current line of therapy., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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12. Fatally impaired glucose digestion by propylene glycol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and co-formulation with terpenoids for enhancing attractive toxic sugar baits.

Author: Maes G, Tintorri G, Nelson IE, Baker KA, Seavey CE, Rehbein MM, White GS, Faraji A, Willenberg BJ, and Bibbs CS
Subjects: Animals, Mosquito Control, Sucrose chemistry, Insecticides chemistry, Female, Glucose chemistry, Aedes drug effects, Terpenes chemistry, Terpenes pharmacology, Propylene Glycol chemistry
Abstract: Propylene glycol (PG) demonstrates greater efficacy than other sugar polyols. However, the attributes it confers for toxicity and possible co-formulation with other ingredients are unknown. To evaluate this, α-glucosidase and glucose oxidase reactions were performed in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to categorize if PG behaves similarly to prior studied sugar alcohols. A combination of no-choice and choice assays was used to determine effective ratios of PG and sucrose, competitiveness against a control of 10% sucrose, and whether mosquitoes recovered from PG consumption. The final trials included β-cyclodextrin encapsulated cinnamon leaf oil, clove stem oil, patchouli oil, garlic oil, cedarwood oil, and papaya seed oil formulated with 5% sucrose + 5% PG. PG functioned as a linear competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase. The efficacy of PG was synergized by co-ingestion with equivalent ratios of sucrose. Unlike the high diuretic response to other sugar alcohols, PG resulted in diminished excretion regardless of being co-formulated with sucrose or terpenoids. PG is not especially competitive against unadulterated sugar meals but is likewise not clearly repellent. Although mosquitoes did not recover from ingestion of the glycol meals, there was no indication that mortality would continue to accumulate once the treatments were removed. Of the terpenoids tested, cinnamon and patchouli caused ~50% or less mortality; garlic, cedarwood, and clove caused 80-90% mortality; and papaya seed caused 100% mortality, exceeding all other test groups and the formulation blank. PG is a useful supporting ingredient in attractive toxic sugar bait formulations with flexibility in formulation., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2024
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13. An Innovative Use of the Logic Model for a Qualitative Analysis Framework.

Author: Baucham RS, Mintz-Binder R, and Baker KA
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Logic, Education, Nursing, Continuing organization & administration, Qualitative Research
Abstract: Background: Qualitative analysis can be a daunting and time-consuming task for those who are attempting to code qualitative data for the first time., Method: This article presents select secondary data analysis from a previously published study to demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of implementing a logic model approach to provide a framework for qualitative analysis., Results: The use of the logic model provided systematic organization during the analysis process, efficiency for analytical tasks, and enhanced trustworthiness by documenting each analysis step. The model allowed for easier visualization of data that facilitated a richer and more focused analysis., Conclusion: With qualitative data that are focused on processes or outcomes, implementing a logic model framework to categorize and organize data can be useful and efficient, particularly for a novice analyst whether analyzing qualitative text for quality improvement, evidence-based practice, program evaluation, or formal research. [ J Contin Educ Nurs . 2024;55(6):297-301.] .
Published: 2024
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14. Diuresis and α-glucosidase inhibition by erythritol in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and viability for efficacy against mosquitoes.

Author: Nelson IE, Baker KA, Faraji A, White GS, and Bibbs CS
Subjects: Animals, alpha-Glucosidases, Erythritol pharmacology, Mosquito Control, Mosquito Vectors, Sugars, Carbohydrates, Sucrose pharmacology, Larva, Glucose, Diuresis, Aedes physiology, Insecticides pharmacology
Abstract: Background: Sugar alcohols, such as erythritol, are low-impact candidates for attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) to kill mosquitoes. To determine whether erythritol has a viable future in ATSB formulations, a suite of assays was conducted to diagnose toxicity mechanisms and starvation effects on mortality in Aedes aegypti (L.) as a model system., Methods: We measured general carbohydrate load, glucosidase levels, and free glucose in intoxicated adult mosquitoes to observe whether sugar digestion was impaired. We assayed the effects of sugar combinations with erythritol on larvae and adults. To measure erythritol effects when mosquitoes were not resource-deprived, additional assays manipulated the prior starvation status., Results: Up to 50,000 ppm of erythritol in water had no effect on larvae within 72 h, but an ammonia spike indicated diuresis in larvae as early as 4 h (F 8,44 = 22.50, P < 0.0001) after sucrose/erythritol combinations were added. Adult consumption of erythritol was diuretic regardless of the sugar pairing, while sucrose and erythritol together generated above 80% mortality (F 2,273 = 33.30, P < 0.0001) alongside triple the normal excretion (F 5,78 = 26.80, P < 0.0004). Glucose and fructose paired individually with erythritol had less mortality, but still double the fecal excretion. When ingesting erythritol-laced meals, less sugar was detected in mosquitoes as compared to after sucrose meals (χ 2 = 12.54, df = 1, P = 0.0004)., Conclusions: Data showed that erythritol is a linear competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, marking it as a novel class of insecticide in the current research climate. However, the efficacy on larvae was null and not persistent in adult mosquitoes when compared across various starvation levels. Despite significant diuresis, the combined effects from erythritol are not acute enough for vector control programs considering ATSB against mosquitoes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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15. Moving toward elucidating alternative motor pathway structures post-stroke: the value of spinal cord neuroimaging.

Author: Oquita R, Cuello V, Uppati S, Mannuru S, Salinas D, Dobbs M, and Potter-Baker KA
Abstract: Stroke results in varying levels of motor and sensory disability that have been linked to the neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation that occur in the infarct and peri-infarct regions within the brain. Specifically, previous research has identified a key role of the corticospinal tract in motor dysfunction and motor recovery post-stroke. Of note, neuroimaging studies have utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain to describe the timeline of neurodegeneration of the corticospinal tract in tandem with motor function following a stroke. However, research has suggested that alternate motor pathways may also underlie disease progression and the degree of functional recovery post-stroke. Here, we assert that expanding neuroimaging techniques beyond the brain could expand our knowledge of alternate motor pathway structure post-stroke. In the present work, we will highlight findings that suggest that alternate motor pathways contribute to post-stroke motor dysfunction and recovery, such as the reticulospinal and rubrospinal tract. Then we review imaging and electrophysiological techniques that evaluate alternate motor pathways in populations of stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders. We will then outline and describe spinal cord neuroimaging techniques being used in other neurodegenerative disorders that may provide insight into alternate motor pathways post-stroke., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Oquita, Cuello, Uppati, Mannuru, Salinas, Dobbs and Potter-Baker.)
Published: 2024
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16. Modifiable factors contributing to belongingness of undergraduate nursing students in the clinical learning environment: An exploratory study.

Author: Singer DL, Zhang Y, Baker KA, and Walker D
Subjects: Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Learning, Surveys and Questionnaires, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate methods, Students, Nursing
Abstract: Background: Belongingness has been tied to positive personal and educational outcomes in undergraduate nursing students in the clinical learning environment, but there is limited literature on specific factors that promote these important feelings of acceptance and value alignment., Objectives: This study aimed to assess demographic characteristics, program/clinical structure factors, and modifiable clinical setting factors that may impact feelings of belongingness in U.S. undergraduate nursing students in the clinical learning environment., Design: A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess the relationship between demographics, program/clinical structure factors, and modifiable clinical setting factors and levels of belongingness using the U.S. version of the Belongingness Scale - Clinical Placement Experience., Setting: A national study was conducted via the National Student Nurses Association database from December 2022 to January 2023., Participants: 759 volunteer undergraduate nursing students in the U.S. who had completed at least one clinical course., Methods: An online survey was disseminated to assess demographic factors, program/clinical structure factors, students' perceptions on the frequency of occurrence and perceived value of modifiable clinical setting factors (including clinical format, clinical site, relationship and interpersonal, and miscellaneous factors), and to measure levels of belongingness experienced., Results: Bivariate analyses revealed one statistically significant program/clinical structure factor (p <.001) and 10 statistically significant modifiable clinical setting factors (p <.001) that contribute to belongingness. The findings also support the use of the U.S. version of the BES-CPE as a reliable and valid instrument., Conclusions: Results demonstrate the importance of fostering belongingness in undergraduate nursing students in the clinical learning environment and, for the first time, extrapolate qualitative findings from the literature into the identification of factors that contribute to these critical feelings of inclusion. There are immediate implications for nursing educators and a rich foundation for future intervention research is proposed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Published: 2024
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17. Standardizing Randomized Controlled Trials in Celiac Disease: An International Multidisciplinary Appropriateness Study.

Author: Lebwohl B, Ma C, Lagana SM, Pai RK, Baker KA, Zayadi A, Hogan M, Bouma G, Cellier C, Goldsmith JD, Lundin KEA, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Robert ME, Rubio-Tapia A, Sanders DS, Schaeffer DF, Semrad CE, Silvester JA, Verdú EF, Verma R, Wu TT, Feagan BG, Crowley E, Jairath V, and Murray JA
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Child, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Glutens adverse effects, Diet, Gluten-Free, Celiac Disease pathology
Abstract: Background & Aims: There is a need to develop safe and effective pharmacologic options for the treatment of celiac disease (CeD); however, consensus on the appropriate design and configuration of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this population is lacking., Methods: A 2-round modified Research and Development/University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method study was conducted. Eighteen gastroenterologists (adult and pediatric) and gastrointestinal pathologists voted on statements pertaining to the configuration of CeD RCTs, inclusion and exclusion criteria, gluten challenge, and trial outcomes. Two RCT designs were considered, representing the following distinct clinical scenarios for which pharmacotherapy may be used: trials incorporating a gluten challenge to simulate exposure; and trials evaluating reversal of histologic changes, despite attempted adherence to a gluten-free diet. Each statement was rated as appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate, using a 9-point Likert scale., Results: For trials evaluating prevention of relapse after gluten challenge, participants adherent to a gluten-free diet for 12 months or more with normal or near-normal-sized villi should be enrolled. Gluten challenge should be FODMAPS (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) free, and efficacy evaluated using histology with a secondary patient-reported outcome measure. For trials evaluating reversal of villus atrophy, the panel voted it appropriate to enroll participants with a baseline villus height to crypt depth ratio ≤2 and measure efficacy using a primary histologic end point. Guidance for measuring histologic, endoscopic, and patient-reported outcomes in adult and pediatric patients with CeD are provided, along with recommendations regarding the merits and limitations of different end points., Conclusions: We developed standardized recommendations for clinical trial design, eligibility criteria, outcome measures, gluten challenge, and disease evaluations for RCTs in patients with CeD., (Copyright © 2024 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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18. CE: Current and Emerging Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

Author: Baker KA and Poole C
Subjects: Humans, Abdominal Pain, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Dehydration, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Quality of Life
Abstract: Abstract: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a life-changing treatment for people with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). Frequently acquired in the hospital, CDI can cause serious gastrointestinal symptoms, including persistent watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and severe dehydration. Antibiotics, the primary treatment, can unfortunately disrupt the gut microbiome and lead to antimicrobial resistance. FMT involves introducing stool from a healthy donor into the affected recipient to strengthen their compromised microbiome. Individuals receiving this treatment have reported remarkable improvement in clinical outcomes and quality of life. In addition to a discussion of rCDI within the context of the gastrointestinal microbiome, this article provides an overview of the FMT procedure, discusses nursing management of individuals undergoing FMT, and highlights emerging applications beyond rCDI. A case scenario is also provided to illustrate a typical trajectory for a patient undergoing FMT., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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19. Longitudinal Assessment to Evaluate Continued Certification and Lifelong Learning in Healthcare Professionals: A Scoping Review.

Author: Ward RC, Baker KA, Spence D, Leonard C, Sapp A, and Choudhry SA
Subjects: Humans, Certification, Education, Continuing, Delivery of Health Care, Clinical Competence, Health Personnel education
Abstract: The balance of lifelong learning with assessment for continued certification is a challenge faced by healthcare professions. The value of single-point-in-time assessments has been questioned, and a shift to longitudinal assessments (LA) has been undertaken to assess lifelong learning over-time. This scoping review was conducted to inform healthcare certifying organizations who are considering LA as an assessment tool of competence and lifelong learning in healthcare professionals. A search of 6 databases and grey literature yielded 957 articles. After screening and removal of duplicates, 14 articles were included. Most articles were background studies informing the underpinnings of LA in the form of progress testing, pilot studies, and process of implementation. Progress testing is used in educational settings. Pilot studies reported satisfaction with LA's ease of use, online format, and provision of lifelong learning. Implementation processes reveal that key aspects of success include stakeholder participation, phased rollout, and a publicly available content outline. Initial outcomes data affirm that LA addresses knowledge gaps, and results in improved performance on maintenance of certification exams. Future research is needed to substantiate validity evidence of LA and its correlation with high-stakes exam performance when assessing lifelong learning and continued competence of healthcare professionals over time.
Published: 2023
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20. Mediated and moderated associations between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure, emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and lifetime alcohol use: A cross-sectional scoping study of UK drinkers.

Author: Clay JM, Baker KA, Mezabrovschi RD, Berti G, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Stafford LD, and Parker MO
Subjects: Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Risk Factors, United Kingdom epidemiology, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Impulsive Behavior physiology
Abstract: Stress, trait impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation are independent predictors of alcohol use and misuse, but little is known about the potential mechanisms that link these risk factors together. To address this issue, we carried out an exploratory cross-sectional study, on UK-based participants. Our preregistered, hypothesised theoretical framework was that emotional dysregulation mediates the association between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and lifetime alcohol use. We also hypothesised that heightened impulsivity would strengthen these relations. As hypothesised, emotional dysregulation fully mediated the relation between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and lifetime alcohol use. Several facets of impulsivity moderated these associations. For example, as levels of negative urgency increased, the associations between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and emotional dysregulation, emotional dysregulation and lifetime alcohol use, and lifetime stress exposure and lifetime alcohol use, via emotional dysregulation, strengthened. These preliminary findings propose a theoretically framed model which integrates several prominent risk-factors for alcohol misuse, extending prior research and generating interesting and novel lines of enquiry for longitudinal and cross-cultural analyses. The findings also highlight the potential clinical utility of screening for lifetime stress exposure while tailoring personalised treatment interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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21. Enhancing toxic sugar meals against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) by adulterating with erythritol in combination with other active ingredients.

Author: Baker KA, White GS, Faraji A, and Bibbs CS
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Sugars, Erythritol, Mosquito Control methods, Sucrose, Aedes, Insecticides
Abstract: Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) are an underexploited method for mosquito control. For ATSBs to be more widely accepted, demonstrably effective ingredients need to be verified. We investigated erythritol as a toxic additive in sugar meals against Aedes aegypti (L.) for potential future use in ATSBs. Erythritol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sugar substitute, while also being toxic to mosquitoes. Our studies tested formulations of erythritol, sucrose, and blends of both. Secondary investigations included combinations with the active ingredients Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, spinosyn, and boric acid. Adult Ae. aegypti were separated into test groups and provided various combinations. Formulations containing erythritol, with or without another toxicant, exhibited 90% mortality within 72 h of observation (P = 0.03192). Additionally, erythritol appeared more effective when combined with sucrose in a 1:1 ratio (5% concentration each). This combination showed a 24% and 85% increase in mortality when combined with boric acid and Bti, respectively, at 48 h compared with equivalent groups containing only 10% sucrose. Erythritol appears to kill adult mosquitoes, even in relatively low concentrations, without another toxicant being required. However, erythritol also effectively enhances kill of main ingredient toxicants such as boric acid and Bti, showing a supporting role. The low concentration of erythritol needed to provide significant kill, its ability to fill in as both a sugar base and toxicant, and its ability to be safely handled by humans makes erythritol a strong candidate for use as a supporting ingredient in future bait formulations., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2023
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22. An Expert Consensus to Standardize Assessment of Bowel Cleansing for Clinical Trials of Bowel Preparations for Crohn's Disease.

Author: Maratt JK, Siegel CA, Barkun AN, Bouhnik Y, Bressler B, Calderwood AH, East JE, Fischer M, Grossmann J, Korzenik JR, Menees SB, Panes J, Rex DK, Sey MSL, Allio MK, Baker KA, Guizzetti L, Remillard J, Sedano R, Feagan BG, Ma C, and Jairath V
Subjects: Humans, Consensus, Constriction, Pathologic, Colon, Colonoscopy, Crohn Disease diagnosis, Crohn Disease drug therapy
Abstract: Background: Despite regular need for colonoscopy in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), the efficacy and tolerability of bowel preparation (BP) agents is rarely assessed in this population. Assessing BP quality with existing scales may be challenging in CD due to presence of inflammation, bowel resection, and strictures., Aims: To provide recommendations for assessing BP quality in clinical trials for CD using a modified Research and Development/University of California, Los Angeles appropriateness process., Methods: Based on systematic reviews and a literature search, 110 statements relating to BP quality assessment in CD were developed. A panel of 15 gastroenterologists rated the statements as appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate using a 9-point Likert scale., Results: Panelists considered it appropriate that central readers, either alone or with local assessment, score BP quality in clinical trials. Central readers should be trained on scoring BP quality and local endoscopists on performing high-quality video recording. Both endoscope insertion and withdrawal phases should be reviewed to score BP quality in each colonic segment and segments should align with endoscopic disease activity indices. The Harefield Cleansing Scale and the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale were considered appropriate. The final score should be calculated as the average of all visualized segments. Both total and worst segment scores should also be assessed., Conclusions: We developed a framework for assessing BP quality in patients with CD based on expert feedback. This framework could support the development or refinement of BP quality scales and the integration of BP quality assessment in future CD studies., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2023
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23. Unfamiliar face matching ability predicts the slope of face learning.

Author: Baker KA and Mondloch CJ
Subjects: Humans, Recognition, Psychology, Consciousness, Social Perception, Learning, Facial Recognition
Abstract: We provide the first examination of individual differences in the efficiency of face learning. Investigating individual differences in face learning can illuminate potential mechanisms and provide greater understanding of why certain individuals might be more efficient face learners. Participants completed two unfamiliar face matching tasks and a learning task in which learning was assessed after viewing 1, 3, 6, and 9 images of to-be-learned identities. Individual differences in the slope of face learning (i.e., increases in sensitivity to identity) were predicted by the ability to discriminate between matched (same-identity) vs. mismatched (different-identity) pairs of wholly unfamiliar faces. A Dual Process Signal Detection model showed that three parameters increased with learning: Familiarity (an unconscious type of memory that varies in strength), recollection-old (conscious recognition of a learned identity), and recollection-new (conscious/confident rejection of novel identities). Good (vs. poor) matchers had higher Recollection-Old scores throughout learning and showed a steeper increase in Recollection-New. We conclude that good matchers are better able to capitalize on exposure to within-person variability in appearance, an effect that is attributable to their conscious memory for both learned and novel faces. These results have applied implications and will inform contemporary and traditional models of face identification., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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24. Discovery of a Potent Chloroacetamide GPX4 Inhibitor with Bioavailability to Enable Target Engagement in Mice, a Potential Tool Compound for Inducing Ferroptosis In Vivo .

Author: Randolph JT, O'Connor MJ, Han F, Hutchins CW, Siu YA, Cho M, Zheng Y, Hickson JA, Markley JL, Manaves V, Algire M, Baker KA, Chapman AM, Gopalakrishnan SM, Panchal SC, Foster-Duke K, Stolarik DF, Kempf-Grote A, Dammeier D, Fossey S, Sun Q, Sun C, Shen Y, Dart MJ, Kati WM, Lai A, Firestone AJ, and Kort ME
Subjects: Mice, Animals, Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase metabolism, Biological Availability, Ferroptosis, Neoplasms
Abstract: Compounds that inhibit glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) hold promise as cancer therapeutics in their ability to induce a form of nonapoptotic cell death called ferroptosis. Our research identified 24 , a structural analog of the potent GPX4 inhibitor RSL3, that has much better plasma stability ( t 1/2 > 5 h in mouse plasma). The bioavailability of 24 provided efficacious plasma drug concentrations with IP dosing, thus enabling in vivo studies to assess tolerability and efficacy. An efficacy study in mouse using a GPX4-sensitive tumor model found that doses of 24 up to 50 mg/kg were tolerated for 20 days but had no effect on tumor growth, although partial target engagement was observed in tumor homogenate.
Published: 2023
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25. Stable individual differences in unfamiliar face identification: Evidence from simultaneous and sequential matching tasks.

Author: Baker KA, Stabile VJ, and Mondloch CJ
Subjects: Humans, Individuality, Face, Memory, Short-Term, Recognition, Psychology physiology, Facial Recognition physiology
Abstract: Matching identity in images of unfamiliar faces is difficult: Images of the same person can look different and images of different people can look similar. Recent studies have capitalized on individual differences in the ability to distinguish match (same ID) vs. mismatch (different IDs) face pairs to inform models of face recognition. We addressed two significant gaps in the literature by examining the stability of individual differences in both sensitivity to identity and response bias. In Study 1, 210 participants completed a battery of four tasks in each of two sessions separated by one week. Tasks varied in protocol (same/different, lineup, sorting) and stimulus characteristics (low vs. high within-person variability in appearance). In Study 2, 148 participants completed a battery of three tasks in a single session. Stimuli were presented simultaneously on some trials and sequentially on others, introducing short-term memory demands. Principal components analysis revealed two components that were stable across time and tasks: sensitivity to identity and bias. Analyses of response times suggest that individual differences in bias reflect decision-making processes. We discuss the implications of our findings in applied settings and for models of face recognition., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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26. Belongingness in undergraduate/pre-licensure nursing students in the clinical learning environment: A scoping review.

Author: Singer DL, Sapp A, and Baker KA
Subjects: Humans, Learning, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Students, Nursing
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature investigating belongingness in undergraduate/pre-licensure nursing students in the clinical learning environment., Background: The concept of belongingness, which encompasses feelings of acceptance, connection and value alignment, has been tied to positive outcomes in undergraduate/pre-licensure nursing students including increased learning, participation, confidence and professional socialization. It is critical for educators and clinical staff to foster a sense of belongingness for nursing students to promote positive and effective clinical learning experiences., Design: The scoping review strategy established by the Joanna Briggs Institute was followed. The databases searched were CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Education Source, Medline Complete (EBSCO), APA PsycINFO (EBSCO) and Epistemonikos., Methods: Following a search of the five databases, studies were screened by title and abstract by two independent reviewers for inclusion. Data including population, concept, context, methods and key findings relevant to the review question were extracted and synthesized using an instrument developed by the reviewers., Results: A total of 47 articles with varying methodologies were critically appraised. Three overarching focus areas emerged: outcomes resulting from feelings of belongingness versus alienation, factors that contribute to a sense of belongingness in the clinical learning environment and interventions to promote a sense of belongingness while students are immersed in the clinical learning environment., Conclusions: Belongingness in the clinical learning environment is an important concept that lends itself to positive learning experiences and increased satisfaction of undergraduate/pre-licensure nursing students. Environmental, relational and experiential factors can be maximized and specific interventions employed to promote belongingness. This review identifies a lack of evidence on measured interventional effectiveness at the student, school and clinical unit level. Future research to address these gaps is recommended., Tweetable Abstract: Scoping review suggests environmental, relational and experiential factors promote positive outcomes in belongingness of nursing students., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Conflict of interest None., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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27. NEW TECHNOLOGY IN GASTROENTEROLOGY PRACTICE.

Author: Baker KA
Subjects: Gastrointestinal Tract, Humans, Technology, Gastroenterology
Abstract: Competing Interests: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2022
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28. Picture this: Photographers no better than controls for recognizing unfamiliar faces.

Author: Baker KA and Mondloch CJ
Subjects: Humans, Photography, Facial Recognition physiology
Abstract: With the exception of super recognizers and forensic examiners, people make a surprising number of errors when deciding whether photographs of unfamiliar faces belong to the same person or different people. Training protocols designed to improve professionals' (e.g., passport officers) performance often include photography. We evaluated the influence of life-time photography experience on the ability to distinguish matched versus mismatched face pairs. Expert photographers were not more sensitive to identity than hobbyists or novices-despite specializing in human subjects; Hobbyists were more liberal (more same responses) than Experts. We conclude that photography experience is not a route to expertise.
Published: 2022
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29. What happens to our representation of identity as familiar faces age? Evidence from priming and identity aftereffects.

Author: Laurence S, Baker KA, Proietti VM, and Mondloch CJ
Subjects: Aged, Analysis of Variance, Humans, Repetition Priming, Face, Recognition, Psychology
Abstract: Matching identity in images of unfamiliar faces is error prone, but we can easily recognize highly variable images of familiar faces - even images taken decades apart. Recent theoretical development based on computational modelling can account for how we recognize extremely variable instances of the same identity. We provide complementary behavioural data by examining older adults' representation of older celebrities who were also famous when young. In Experiment 1, participants completed a long-lag repetition priming task in which primes and test stimuli were the same age or different ages. In Experiment 2, participants completed an identity after effects task in which the adapting stimulus was an older or young photograph of one celebrity and the test stimulus was a morph between the adapting identity and a different celebrity; the adapting stimulus was the same age as the test stimulus on some trials (e.g., both old) or a different age (e.g., adapter young, test stimulus old). The magnitude of priming and identity after effects were not influenced by whether the prime and adapting stimulus were the same age or different age as the test face. Collectively, our findings suggest that humans have one common mental representation for a familiar face (e.g., Paul McCartney) that incorporates visual changes across decades, rather than multiple age-specific representations. These findings make novel predictions for state-of-the-art algorithms (e.g., Deep Convolutional Neural Networks)., (© 2022 The Authors. British Journal of Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The British Psychological Society.)
Published: 2022
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30. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity in the pediatric patient.

Author: McMahon K, Paster J, and Baker KA
Subjects: Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Lidocaine therapeutic use, Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination, Prilocaine adverse effects, Anesthetics, Local, Methemoglobinemia chemically induced
Abstract: Lidocaine and prilocaine are local anesthetics, a class of medications which are frequently used in clinical medicine to minimize pain in a variety of procedures. They are commonly found in over-the-counter products such as topical anesthetic creams advertised to relieve localized muscle and joint pain. While safe and well-tolerated when used appropriately, an overdose of these anesthetics increases the risk for local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST), which in severe cases can present with seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, and ultimately cardiovascular collapse. The reduced muscle mass of pediatric patients puts them at an increased risk of LAST due to the depot effect of the systemically absorbed anesthetic. Methemoglobinemia may also be associated with local anesthetic toxicity. Our case involves a previously healthy 15-month-old female who presented to one of our networks' emergency departments in status epilepticus following an accidental ingestion of a tube of 2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine cream. Her seizure activity was initially resistant to intraosseous benzodiazepine administration, but ultimately resolved following administration of lipid emulsion and sodium bicarbonate. Additionally, the patient had refractory hypoxia on the monitor which resolved shortly after administration of methylene blue. After stabilization, the patient was transferred to the Pediatric ICU and ultimately made a complete recovery. LAST is a life-threatening presentation which requires early recognition by clinicians, as well as an understanding of the appropriate treatment modalities. We review the assessment and management of LAST, with special focus on the pediatric patient., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There were no sources of financial support for this project. None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to report., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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31. HITTING THE RESET BUTTON.

Author: Baker KA
Abstract: Competing Interests: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2022
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32. Vaping Prevention in a Middle School Population Using CATCH My Breath.

Author: Baker KA, Campbell NJ, Noonan D, Thompson JA, and Derouin A
Subjects: Adolescent, Humans, Schools, Students, United States epidemiology, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Vaping epidemiology, Vaping prevention & control
Abstract: Introduction: The number of teens using electronic cigarettes in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. One in 20 middle school youth currently vapes regularly (Wang et al., 2020), supporting the need for e-cigarette education and prevention programs in this vulnerable population., Method: The evidence-based youth vaping prevention program, CATCH My Breath, was implemented and evaluated in a small, private, parochial middle school using a quasi-experimental, within-subjects, longitudinal design., Results: Students' e-cigarette knowledge significantly improved postintervention (p < .001) and was sustained at 3 months follow-up. Attitudes about vaping remained stable after postintervention and at 3 months follow-up (p > .05). Susceptibility toward vaping increased or remained consistent despite increased knowledge (p = .096)., Discussion: CATCH My Breath is an effective school-based resource to educate middle school youth about the dangers of vaping. Additional research is needed to evaluate the intervention's impact on e-cigarette attitudes and the measurement of susceptibility in teens., (Copyright © 2021 National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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33. The exercise-induced inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Baker KA, Miller TD, Marino FE, and Hartmann TE
Subjects: Humans, Biomarkers blood, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases therapy, Exercise physiology, Inflammation
Abstract: Background: This study investigated selected inflammatory responses to acute and chronic exercise in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)., Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on all relevant exercise-based intervention publications with IBD participants. The study included articles that utilised a broad range of acute and chronic exercise interventions, with inflammatory biomarkers measured and symptoms documented, both pre- and post-exercise for those with IBD. The search was limited to studies published in English, the use of human participants, and primary studies, with no restrictions on date of publication or participant's age. Articles were retrieved through the electronic databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. This study adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines., Results: Six inflammatory markers were included in the meta-analysis which consisted of five studies. Exercise interventions resulted in no significant difference in IL-6 (SMD = -0.09; 95% CI = -0.49, 0.30; P = 0.64), TNF-α (SMD = 0.08; 95% CI = -0.31, 0.48; P = 0.68), CRP (SMD = -0.04; 95% CI = -0.58, 0.50; P = 0.89), IL-17 (SMD = 0.15; 95% CI = -0.45, 0.76; P = 0.62), leukocytes (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI = -0.53, 1.33; P = 0.40) or lymphocytes (SMD = 0.32; 95% CI = -0.33, 0.97; P = 0.33), thus, indicating exercise may have no effect on inflammatory markers in IBD. Bowel symptoms improved following regular moderate exercise that incorporated stress management., Conclusion: Heterogeneity among the identified literature may have led to exercise interventions being ineffective in reducing inflammation. Although the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of results, it emphasises the need for additional research in this domain. Importantly, no adverse symptomatic responses to exercise indicate that exercise is safe for IBD patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no completing interests exist.
Published: 2022
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34. EVERYTHING IS NEW AGAIN: GASTROENTEROLOGY NURSING UPDATE.

Author: Baker KA
Subjects: Humans, Gastroenterology
Abstract: Competing Interests: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2022
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35. Feasibility and Acceptability of Technology-supported Sexual Health Education Among Adolescents Receiving Inpatient Psychiatric Care.

Author: Olmsted AE, Markham CM, Shegog R, Ugueto AM, Johnson EL, Peskin MF, Emery ST, Baker KA, and Newlin EW
Abstract: Mental illness in adolescence is associated with high-risk sexual behaviors including multiple sex partners, infrequent or inconsistent condom use, and nonuse of contraception. Inpatient psychiatric care represents a promising setting to provide sexual health education. This pilot study investigates the feasibility and acceptability of online sexual health education in this group by assessing usability and impact on short-term psychosocial outcomes. We administered online modules on healthy relationships, pregnancy prevention, condom use, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention to youth. We evaluated outcomes using a single group, pre/post-intervention design. One quality improvement session assessed staff acceptability of the programming. Participants included 51 inpatients (mean age = 15.3; 61% female; 57% Hispanic or Latino; 55% heterosexual). Overall, the program was feasible to administer and highly acceptable to youth (84-89% liked the modules, 98-100% found them easy to use, 96-100% found them credible, 91-98% said information would lead to healthier dating relationships, and 78-87% would refer to a friend). Youth who completed modules demonstrated improvement in several outcomes: attitudes and norms towards violence ( p < 0.001), intention to use a method of birth control other than condoms if having sex in the next 3 months ( p < 0.001), condom knowledge ( p < 0.001), condom use self-efficacy ( p < 0.001), condom beliefs ( p = 0.04), HIV/STI knowledge ( p < 0.001), and perceived susceptibility to STI ( p < 0.01). The quality improvement session revealed high acceptability by nursing staff on the unit. This intervention could be useful and efficacious in an inpatient setting and larger studies are warranted to understand its full impact., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose., (© The Author(s) 2022.)
Published: 2022
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36. A YEAR OUT OF CONTROL.

Author: Baker KA
Abstract: Competing Interests: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2021
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37. Long-Term Outcomes of a Collaborative Regional Evidence-Based Practice Fellowship.

Author: Smith AB, Baker KA, and Weeks SM
Subjects: Attitude of Health Personnel, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Evidence-Based Practice economics, Humans, Cooperative Behavior, Evidence-Based Practice organization & administration, Fellowships and Scholarships
Abstract: Academic-practice partnerships provide a model for sharing resources, increasing professional knowledge and skills, improving patient outcomes, and strengthening organizational cultures of quality and safety. This article describes the long-term outcomes of a regional collaborative evidence-based practice fellowship. Results reveal the fellowship had a measurable positive impact on fellows' evidence-based practice knowledge and practice, project outcomes, professional growth, and the culture of excellence within partner organizations., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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38. Impact of COVID-19 on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Trial Recruitment: A Global Survey of Principal Investigators.

Author: Jairath V, Guizzetti L, Baker KA, Williamson LA, Sedano R, Thompson H, and Ma C
Subjects: COVID-19 virology, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases virology, Surveys and Questionnaires, COVID-19 complications, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases therapy, Practice Patterns, Physicians' statistics & numerical data, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Telemedicine statistics & numerical data
Published: 2021
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39. A NEW CONSENSUS STUDY ON THE FUTURE OF NURSING.

Author: Baker KA
Subjects: Delphi Technique, Forecasting, Humans, Consensus
Abstract: Competing Interests: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2021
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40. Capturing the Impact of the Doctor of Nursing Practice Degree on West Texas Health Care.

Author: Boswell C, Mintz-Binder R, Batcheller J, Allen P, and Baker KA
Subjects: Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Leadership, Texas, Education, Nursing, Graduate, Nurses
Abstract: Background: This article describes findings from a Phase 1 investigation exploring the influence of Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)-prepared nurses in West Texas., Method: Following a focus group session with eight practicing DNPs, the focus group shared how their roles effected safer health care., Results: Final takeaways included their commitment to safer health care and prevention, moving care to the community, and a wish for more variety in projects generated in workplaces. Three themes emerged from the data: DNP leadership practice affects health outcomes through improved quality of care, influence, and innovation; DNP strengths include communication, leadership, and ability to change others' thinking; and the influence of DNP-prepared leaders at all external levels occurs through both increasing awareness of the role and influencing in multiple areas. DNP challenges include lack of understanding by others of the role and the lack of recognition and respect for their educational preparation., Conclusion: Leading, innovating, and communicating during constantly changing care models are key skills needed during the current health care crisis. These skills are basic to DNP practice. [ J Contin Educ Nurs . 2021;52(4):192-197.] .
Published: 2021
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41. SELF-CARE: IT'S NOT JUST A TREND.

Author: Baker KA
Subjects: Humans, Self Care
Abstract: Competing Interests: The author declares no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2021
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42. Original Research: Nurses' Perspectives on Caring for Patients with Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders.

Author: Kelly PA, Baker KA, Hodges KM, Vuong EY, Lee JC, and Lockwood SW
Subjects: Comprehension, Humans, Nurse's Role psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Withholding Treatment, Clinical Decision-Making, Critical Care psychology, Nurse-Patient Relations, Nursing Staff, Hospital psychology, Resuscitation Orders psychology
Abstract: Background: Confusion about what a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order means, including its misinterpretation as "do not treat," has been extensively documented in the literature. Yet there is a paucity of research concerning nurses' perspectives on DNR orders., Purpose and Design: This mixed-methods study was designed to explore nurses' perspectives on the meaning and interpretation of DNR orders in relation to caring for hospitalized adults with such orders., Methods: Direct care nurses on three units in a large urban hospital were asked to respond online to a case study by indicating how they would prioritize care based on the patient's DNR designation. These nurses were then invited to participate in open-ended interviews with a nurse researcher. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed., Findings: A total of 35 nurses responded to the case study survey. The majority chose to prioritize palliative care, despite no indication that any plan of care was in place. Thirteen nurses also completed a one-on-one interview. Analysis of interview data revealed this overarching theme: varying interpretations of DNR orders among nurses were common, resulting in unintended consequences. Participants also reported perceived variances among health care team members, patients, and family members. Such misinterpretations resulted in shifts in care, varying responses to deteriorating status, tension, and differences in role expectations for health care team members., Conclusions: Nurses have opportunities to address misconceptions about care for patients with DNR orders through practice, education, advocacy and policy, and research., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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43. YEAR IN REVIEW: WE'VE GOT THIS.

Author: Baker KA
Published: 2020
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44. Stratifying chronic stroke patients based on the influence of contralesional motor cortices: An inter-hemispheric inhibition study.

Author: Lin YL, Potter-Baker KA, Cunningham DA, Li M, Sankarasubramanian V, Lee J, Jones S, Sakaie K, Wang X, Machado AG, and Plow EB
Subjects: Aged, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Cortex diagnostic imaging, Recovery of Function physiology, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Functional Laterality physiology, Motor Cortex physiopathology, Neural Inhibition physiology, Stroke physiopathology
Abstract: Objective: A recent "bimodal-balance recovery" model suggests that contralesional influence varies based on the amount of ipsilesional reserve: inhibitory when there is a large reserve, but supportive when there is a low reserve. Here, we investigated the relationships between contralesional influence (inter-hemispheric inhibition, IHI) and ipsilesional reserve (corticospinal damage/impairment), and also defined a criterion separating subgroups based on the relationships., Methods: Twenty-four patients underwent assessment of IHI using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (ipsilateral silent period method), motor impairment using Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer (UEFM), and corticospinal damage using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and active motor threshold. Assessments of UEFM and IHI were repeated after 5-week rehabilitation (n = 21)., Results: Relationship between IHI and baseline UEFM was quadratic with criterion at UEFM 43 (95%conference interval: 40-46). Patients less impaired than UEFM = 43 showed stronger IHI with more impairment, whereas patients more impaired than UEFM = 43 showed lower IHI with more impairment. Of those made clinically-meaningful functional gains in rehabilitation (n = 14), more-impaired patients showed further IHI reduction., Conclusions: A criterion impairment-level can be derived to stratify patient-subgroups based on the bimodal influence of contralesional cortex. Contralesional influence also evolves differently across subgroups following rehabilitation., Significance: The criterion may be used to stratify patients to design targeted, precision treatments., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Andre G. Machado has the following conflicts of interest: ATI, Enspire and Cardionomics (distribution rights from intellectual property), St Jude (consultant) and Medtronic (Fellowship support). Other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest associated with this work. Specifically, there are no financial or personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias this work., (Copyright © 2020 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2020
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45. A Special Message From the Tri-Council for Nursing.

Author: Baker KA
Subjects: Humans, Nursing, Societies, Nursing
Published: 2020
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46. LESSONS IN DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION.

Author: Baker KA
Subjects: Humans, Cultural Diversity, Health Equity, Nurse's Role, Social Inclusion
Published: 2020
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47. Effectiveness of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to improve muscle strength and motor functionality after incomplete spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: de Araújo AVL, Ribeiro FPG, Massetti T, Potter-Baker KA, Cortes M, Plow EB, da Silva TD, Tonks J, Anghinah R, Magalhães FH, Fregni F, and de Mello Monteiro CB
Subjects: Humans, Spinal Cord Injuries physiopathology, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Muscle Strength physiology, Outcome Assessment, Health Care standards, Recovery of Function physiology, Spinal Cord Injuries rehabilitation
Abstract: Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis., Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) against sham on muscle strength and motor functionality after incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI)., Setting: University of São Paulo, Brazil., Methods: A preplanned protocol was registered (PROSPERO, CRD42016050444). Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Library and BVS databases were searched independently by two authors up to March 2018. Cochrane Collaboration's Tool was used for the risk of bias assessments. Generic inverse variance and random-effects model were used to calculate pooled effect sizes (ES), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p-values in meta-analyses., Results: Six randomized clinical trials met inclusion criteria (n = 78 iSCI individuals) and were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed a marginal significant pooled effect of active tDCS in improving motor functionality with a small ES (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI = -0.00 to 0.53, p = 0.05, I 2 = 0%). On the other hand, the pooled effect of active tDCS on muscle strength did not reach statistical significance, in parallel with a small ES (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI = -0.21 to 0.92, p = 0.22, I 2 = 0%) when compared with sham tDCS. No significant adverse events were reported., Conclusions: Overall, there was a significant effect of tDCS in improving motor functionality following iSCI. However, a small ES and the marginal p-value suggest that these results should be interpreted with caution. Further high-quality clinical trials are needed to support or refute the use of tDCS in daily clinical practice.
Published: 2020
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48. Regulation and accreditation of pre-licensure education of registered nurses: a scoping review protocol.

Author: Flanders SA and Baker KA
Subjects: Accreditation, Clinical Competence, Humans, Review Literature as Topic, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Education, Nursing, Nurses
Abstract: Objective: The objective of the scoping review is to examine and map the literature that reports outcomes of the regulation and accreditation of pre-licensure education of registered nurses (RNs)., Introduction: Pre-licensure nursing education is the basic education that a person must complete before becoming an RN. Regulation and accreditation of nursing education vary by country and may vary within a country. The intended purpose of regulation and accreditation is to protect the public and ensure the quality of education programs; however, there is a gap in published evidence on the outcomes of such regulation and accreditation., Inclusion Criteria: Published and unpublished studies worldwide of any pre-licensure RN students or any pre-licensure graduates of RN programs will be considered. Concepts of interest for the proposed review are reported outcomes related to regulatory activities or accreditation requirements affecting any pre-licensure education programs preparing students to become RNs. The context is pre-licensure regulation or accreditation of RN education in any country or setting. This review will consider quantitative research designs, qualitative research designs, economic evidence evaluations, and textual evidence/gray literature., Methods: Databases to be searched include CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Directory of Open Access Journals, Education Source, Health Policy Reference Center, MEDLINE Complete, Epistemonikos, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, and Ovid Nursing. Articles published in English will be included. No date limits will be set. Selected studies will be reviewed and data extracted by two independent reviewers. Extracted data will be placed in a table and synthesized in narrative format.
Published: 2020
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49. Learning outcomes of the observer role in nursing simulation: a scoping review protocol.

Author: Rogers BA, Baker KA, and Sapp A
Subjects: Clinical Competence, Humans, Learning, Qualitative Research, Review Literature as Topic, Schools, Nursing, Students, Nursing
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study is to map the literature investigating learning outcomes that have been measured in the observer role in simulation. A scoping review will be completed to investigate the research question: What learning outcomes have been reported in nurses or nursing students participating in simulation while assigned to the observer role?, Introduction: Simulation-based learning experiences (SBLE) are being utilized more frequently to support learning with increasing numbers of nurses. Despite SBLE becoming more popular, resources and manikin availability are not meeting the demand placed on simulation programs in nursing schools and health care facilities. Programs are placing more learners in observational roles without knowing what learning can be expected., Inclusion Criteria: Studies will be considered if they investigated learning outcomes of any nursing population (e.g. pre-licensure nursing student, graduate nursing student, practicing nurse) placed in an observational role in simulation. Any simulation topic related to nursing care will be considered. The observer role may involve observing one's own or expert behavior. The SBLE may occur in a simulation lab, classroom, community, health care facility, or online setting. Studies that include health care professionals other than nurses will be excluded. Experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, and qualitative studies will be considered., Methods: The JBI methodology for scoping reviews will be followed. A three-step search strategy will be used to identify potentially relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, assess full-text studies against the inclusion criteria, and extract data. Results will be presented in a manner that aligns with the objective of the review.
Published: 2020
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50. Evaluating Evidence to Underscore Health Promotion Activities to Prevent Teenage Vaping.

Author: Campbell NJ and Baker KA
Subjects: Adolescent, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Female, Humans, Male, Vaping prevention & control, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Health Promotion, Vaping psychology
Published: 2020
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