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Introduction: Transitioning into the role of a mother encompasses many physical and psychosocial changes, affecting the way a woman may function. Maternal health is an emerging area of practice for occupational therapists, and therefore, screening and assessment tools to support work in this area are needed. The Barkin Index of Maternal Functioning (BIMF) is a quantitative outcome measure that is used by health professionals to assess maternal functioning. Currently, its ability to measure occupational performance is unclear. Methods: Utilising a mixed methods design, this study analysed the extent to which the BIMF assesses maternal function from an occupational perspective. Thirteen first‐time mothers with a baby 12 months of age or younger participated in the study. Results from the BIMF were compared with themes developed from semi‐structured qualitative interviews that explored the occupational experiences of first‐time mothers. Findings: Seven themes were developed from the interviews. The BIMF addressed three themes, including changes to engagement in basic activities of daily living and leisure, transitioning into motherhood, emotions, self‐efficacy, and social support. However, four themes were not captured by the BIMF, including changes to partner relationships, identity shift, influence of 'person' factors, and changes to social experiences in early motherhood. Conclusion: Findings suggest that a new tool with a holistic perspective of mothers as occupational beings is needed to be able to identify occupational performance issues and the potential need for occupational therapy support. This study identified key experiences of occupational performance for new mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]