Search

Dans le Département de Bondoukou (Nord-Est, Côte d’Ivoire), il existe une chaîne de hauts plateaux, connue sous le nom de « monts Bowé de Kiendi », dont la flore est très peu connue. L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer la diversité et la structure de la flore de cette zone, suivant le gradient altitudinal. Pour ce faire des inventaires ont été réalisés dans des parcelles de 625 m2 installées à différentes altitudes. Pour chaque parcelle, les paramètres dendrométriques (diamètre, hauteur) ont été mesurés. La richesse floristique et les indices de diversité biocénotique ont été utilisés pour l’analyse floristique et une évaluation de la structure démographique des peuplements ligneux a été réalisée à chaque niveau d’altitude. Au total, 66 espèces réparties en 56 genres et 25 familles ont été recensés. Les basses altitudes sont plus riches et plus diversifiées floristiquement que les altitudes supérieures. De même, les basses altitudes concentrent les individus des classes de petits diamètres à l’exception des altitudes intermédiaires (400-500 m) où le nombre d’individus de la classe [10-20 cm[ est supérieur à celui de la classe [5-10 cm[. Cette étude montre que les hauts plateaux constituent des aires de conservation susceptibles de garantir la préservation d’une forte biodiversité. In the Department of Bondoukou (North-East Côte d'Ivoire), there is a chain of high plateaus, known as "Monts Bowé de Kiendi", whose flora is very little known. The objective of the study is to evaluate the diversity and structure of the flora of this area, following the altitudinal gradient. To do this, inventories were carried out in plots of 625 m2 installed at different altitudes. For each plot, dendrometric parameters (diameter, height) were measured. Floristic richness and biocenotic diversity indices were used for floristic analysis and an assessment of the demographic structure of the woody stands was made at each elevation level. A total of 66 species in 56 genera and 25 families have been recorded. The lower altitudes are richer and more diversified floristically than the higher altitudes. Similarly, the lower altitudes concentrate the individuals of the small diameter classes, with the exception of the intermediate altitudes (400-500 m) where the number of individuals of the [10-20 cm [class is greater than that of the [5-10 cm [class. This study shows that the highlands are conservation areas that can guarantee the preservation of a high biodiversity.

La présente étude a été réalisée dans les forêts classées de Kimbrila et de Kanhasso au Nord-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. Dans le cadre de cette étude, il s’agit d’établir une connaissance de la flore et la structure de la végétation de cette partie du septentrion de la Côte d’Ivoire. Pour ce faire, des inventaires de surface et itinérants ont été réalisés à travers les deux formations végétales. La richesse, la diversité et l’équitabilité des ligneux ont été évaluées. La structure de la végétation a été par ailleurs étudiée à travers la densité des ligneux, la surface terrière, la structure diamétrique et la structure verticale. Les résultats établissent un total de 127 et 104 espèces ont été recensées respectivement dans les forêts classées de Kimbrila et de Kanhasso. Les familles botaniques les plus représentées sont les Fabaceae et les Euphorbiaceae. Les valeurs des indices de Shannon indiquent une diversité moyenne des forêts classées de Kimbrila ((2,50 ± 0,10) et de Kanhasso (2,16 ± 0,90). La structure horizontale des tiges indique que la plupart des plantes ligneuses ont un diamètre inférieur à 60 cm. Toutefois, sur les 7 classes de diamètres considérées, les tiges de diamètre supérieur ou égal à 60 cm sont les plus nombreuses et représentent plus de 20 % des tiges comptabilisées. La densité des tiges est de 557,60 individus/ha à Kanhasso et 523,92 individus/ha à Kimbrila. La surface terrière des tiges, qui est de 11,653 m2/ha à Kanhasso et 12,488 m2/ha à Kimbrila, est contrastée par rapport à la densité. La végétation de ces forêts classées est structurée en 4 strates dont la composante arbustive est la plus dominante. Les sites d’étude sont bien évidemment des végétations de savane. This work was achieved in the Kimbrila and Kanhasso classified forests in North-West Côte d’Ivoire. The main objective of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of the flora and structural these two classified forests in North-West Côte d’Ivoire. A botanical study based on plots and itinerant inventory conducted in these two forests. The richness, diversity and woody equitability were determined. The vegetation structure was study following the woody density, basal area, diameter class and the vertical structure. The results showed that there were 127 and 104 species recorded in the Kimbrila and Kanhasso classified forests respectively. Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae were the most dominant families. In these two classified forests, the diversity high with a value of 2.50 ± 0.10 (Kimbrila classified forest) and 2.16 ± 0.90 (Kanhasso classified forest) corresponding to an average indice. The horizontal structure showed than more species richness found in all sample plots in the two classified forest types was present in the smallest diameter class (< 60 cm DBH). Species richness was classified into seven diameter (DBH) classes, while more than 20 % was recorded in the largest diameter class (> 60 cm DBH). The total number of trees per hectare (n/ha) of the Kanhasso and Kimbrila classified forests were 557.60 and 523.92. The basal area (11.653 m2/ha) of the Kanhasso classified forest was higher than that (12.488 m2/ha) of the Kimbrila classified forest. These classified forests vegetation were strutured in four states and domined by the woody species shrub. The study area were the savannah vegetation.

Botanical gardens represent important places for ex situ conservation. One of these botanical gardens has been abandoned in Côte d’Ivoire for 30 years. This is the former botanical garden of ORSTOM. This study was conducted to determine the level of diversity of this former garden in order to assess the opportunity for its rehabilitation. The authors carried out inventories in 18 quadrats of 500 m2 through the vegetation to collect woody species. Dendrometric measurements (height, diameter) were also recorded to assess the structure of the site. A total of 190 species have been identified. They belong to 141 genera and 47 families. This former botanical garden contains important species because of their origin, status or particularity (threatened, endemic, rarity, etc.). A total of 19 threatened species including 2 endangered and west African endemic (Chrysophyllum azaguieanum J. Miège, Placodiscus pseudostipularis) were found at the site. Also, Chrysophyllum azaguieanum is declared extinct from Côte d’Ivoire. Four species are rare in the flora of Côte d’Ivoire: Balanites wilsoniana, Chrysophyllum azaguieanum, Gilletiodendron kisantuense and Loesenera kalantha. The most abundant species is Hopea odorata. Although this introduced species is considered globally vulnerable, it presents a risk of invasion in the forest of Côte d’Ivoire. The diameter and height structures show that all the stages of development are presented indicating a good regeneration on the site. Ultimately, this botanical garden deserves to be rehabilitated and especially urgent management of Hopea odorata is needed to prevent an invasion of this species.

Objectif : La chaîne de montagnes du Bowé de Kiendi, au Nord-Est de la Côte d’Ivoire, est soumise à une déforestation massive, du fait de la culture de Anacardium occidentale. Pourtant, sa flore est très peu connue. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la composition et la richesse floristiques de cette chaîne. Méthodologie et résultats : La méthode de relevé de surface a été réalisé sur 60 placettes de 25 m x 25 m à trois les niveaux d’altitude. Cette méthode, completé par un relevé itinérant, a permis d’inventorier 289 espèces, appartenant à 189 genres rangés en 56 familles. Une baisse de la richesse spécifique, des basses altitudes vers les altitudes les plus élevées a été observée. Sur les trois niveaux d’altitude, les microphanérophytes ont été les plus répandus. Les arbustes ont été les plus répandus sur les basses altitudes (39,30%) et les altitudes intermédiaires (36,68 %) tandis que les herbes (45,65 %) constituent la première forme morphologique des hautes altitudes. Les espèces du type phytogéographique GC-SZ ont été les plus représentées, quel que soit le niveau d’altitude considéré. Les Fabaceae, les Phyllanthaceae, les Combretaceae, les Apocynaceae et les Anacardiaceae ont été les cinq familles prépondérantes dans les trois niveaux d’altitudes. Cinq (5) espèces ont été observées à toutes les altitudes. Il s’agit d’Afzelia africana, Uapaca togoensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Holarrhena floribunda et Lannea acida. Uapaca togoensis est la première espèce d’importance écologique au niveau des basses altitudes (IVIesp =78,60) et altitudes intermédiaires (IVIesp=57,48). Afzelia africana est la première espèce d’importance écologique (IVIesp =117,67). Conclusion et application des résultats : La chaîne de montagnes du Bowé de Kiendi est donc un réservoir d’espèces végétales souvent rares et menacées d’extinction dont il convient de protéger. English title: Ecological values study of Bowé mountain range in the Gontougo region in North-Eastern Côte d'Ivoire Abstract Objective: Kiendi Bowé mountain range is facing massive deforestation because of cultivation of cashew nut tree. However, this flora is very little known. The objective of this work is to study composition and floristic richness of this Mountain Range. Methodology and Results: The surface survey method was performed on 60 plots of 25 m x 25 m at all elevation levels. This method is completed by traveling survey and has been used to identify 289 species belonging to 189 genera and 56 families. A decline in specific richness, from low altitudes to higher altitudes was obtained. Microphanerophytes were most prevalent at all three elevation levels. Shrubs were most common at low altitudes (39.30%) and intermediate altitudes (36.68%), while grasses (45.65%) were the first biological form of high altitudes. Species of phytogeographic type GC-SZ were the most represented at all altitude level. Fabaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Combretaceae, Apocynaceae and Anacardiaceae were five dominant families in three elevation levels. Five (5) species were observed at all altitudes. These are Afzelia africana, Uapaca togoensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Holarrhena floribunda and Lannea acida. Uapaca togoensis is the first species of ecological importance at low altitudes (IVIesp=78.60) and intermediate altitudes (IVIesp=57.48). Afzelia africana is the first ecologically important species (IVIesp=117.67). Conclusion and application of results: The Kiendi Bowé mountain range is therefore a reservoir of rare and endangered plant species that must be protected. Keywords: Mountain range, Surface survey, Bondoukou, Côte d’Ivoire

L’ulcere de Buruli est une maladie tropicale negligee qui se manifeste par des ulcerations graves de la peau, des muscles et des os, pouvant conduire a des amputations. Des efforts ont ete faits pour eradiquer cette maladie. Cependant, de nouveaux cas sont diagnostiques chaque annee et les foyers endemiques ne font que se multiplier. La penetration dans l’organisme de l’agent pathogene, Mycobacterium ulcerans, se ferait suite a une effraction cutanee causee notamment par les plantes. L’objectif de ce travail est d’evaluer le niveau de connaissance de l’ulcere de Buruli des populations et du role des plantes dans la transmission de cette maladie afin de mieux sensibiliser sur les modes de prevention. Des entretiens bases sur la methode Connaissance, Attitudes et Pratiques (CAP) ont ete realises dans les Districts sanitaires de Daloa et de Bouake (Cote d’Ivoire). Les donnees demographiques, la connaissance des signes, des causes et des appellations de l’ulcere de Buruli dans les langues locales ont ete obtenues. Il en ressort que les populations ont une connaissance fragmentaire de l’ulcere de Buruli. Les appellations de la maladie sont liees a la taille de la plaie sur la peau. Les populations ont identifie des especes vegetales telles que Elaeis guineensis, Imperata cylindrica, Chromolaena odorata et Combretum racemosum comme pouvant causer des effractions cutanees. La cause mystique de la maladie est frequente. Il serait donc urgent d’accentuer les campagnes de sensibilisation dans les zones endemiques d’ulcere de Buruli. Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease leading to severe ulcerations of the skin, muscles and bones leading to amputations if not earlier detected. Despite efforts to eradicate this disease, new cases are diagnosed every year and endemic foci are increasing. The penetration into the body of the pathogen agent Mycobacterium ulcerans, would occur after a skin injures due to plants materials. The objective of this work was to assess the level of knowledge of the populations and the role that plants could play in the transmission of Buruli ulcer. Interviews were conducted in four villages belonging to two Health Districts in Cote d'Ivoire, based on knowledge, attitude, and the practice (KAP) method. Demographic data set, knowledge of the signs, causes and names of Buruli ulcer in the local language were obtained. Plants that can cause injuries have been identified. It appears that populations have a fragmentary knowledge of Buruli ulcer. The names of the disease are related to the size of the wound on the skin. Populations have identified plant species such as Elaeis guineensis, Imperata cylindrica, Chromolaena odorata and Combretum racemosum as causing openings on the skin. The mystical cause of the disease is frequent. Thus, it would therefore be urgent to increase awareness campaigns in the endemic areas of Buruli ulcer.

This paper focuses on analyzing the floristic composition of islands of Buyo’s dam after strong anthropization. Using surfaces surveys, linear surveys and itinerant surveys, the floristic composition and diversity were determined. Seven hundred and twenty-three plants species belonging to 353 genera and 99 families were recorded. The ecological importance of the species has been assessed from the Value of Significance. The study showed that for tree species with diameter ≥ 10 cm, the species Alchornea cordifolia, Ceiba pentandra, Theobroma cacao, and Lannea welwitschii were the richest and had the highest Indices of Value Importance. The mean richness of species showed a significant difference (p≤ 0. 03797) among the Islands of Buyo’s dam. Island D which is close to the Park with the presence of animals isrich in species(101 ± 10 74). Apolinaire and Laminebougou Islands farthest to the Park with strong agricultural activity are poor in species (51 ± 11. 14; 50 ± 6. 29). Floristic diversity and evenness do not vary statistically from one site to another. La presente etude se propose d’analyser la composition et la diversite floristique des iles du barrage de Buyo apres forte anthropisation. A l’aide de releve de surface, de releve lineaire et de releve itinerant, la composition et la diversite floristique de onze iles ont ete determinees. L’inventaire a permis de noter 723 especes de plantes reparties entre 353 genres et 99 familles. L’importance ecologique des especes a ete appreciee a partir de l’Indice de Valeur d’Importance. L’etude a montre que pour les arbres de diametre ≥ 10 cm, les especes Alchornea cordifolia, Ceiba pentandra, Theobroma cacao, Lannea welwitschii sont celles qui ont les plus forts indices de valeur d’importance des especes. La moyenne de la richesse specifique montre une difference significative (p≤ 0,03797) entre les differentes iles du barrage de Buyo. L’ile D, proche de la foret du Parc, avec une presence moyenne de mammiferes, est la plus riche en especes (101 ± 10, 74). Les iles Apollinaire et Laminebougou, plus eloignees de la foret mere et avec une intense activite, sont les plus pauvres en especes (51 ± 11,14 ; 50 ± 6, 29). La diversite floristique et l’equitabilite ne varient pas statistiquement entre les iles.

Table S1. Vernacular nomenclature of the reported useful wild mushrooms in Côte d’Ivoire. (DOCX 41 kb)

The characterization of the adventitious flora of vegetable gardens consisted of taking inventory of the weedy flora of the plots of prison establishments of the Abidjan Detention and Correction House (ADCH) and the Gagnoa Detention and Correction House(GDCG). The study was carried out using the surface survey method, which consisted of inventory plant species in plots of 100 m2 . 40 weeds species were determined from 144 surveys across the two 2,500 m2 plots. 32 species were identified at ADCH against 39 at GDCH. The inventoried species belong to 14 families divided into 24 genera. The Compositae are in the majority with six species representing 15% of the total adventitious flora. Dicotyledons represent 67.5% of species and 32.5% for Monocotyledons. Therophyte species and herbs are the most dominant with 47.5% and 82.50% respectively.The similarity coefficient (84.3%), being greater than 50%, shows a similarity between the two sites. The study also showed that the most common and aggressive species are Cyperus rotundus L., Euphorbia heterophylla L., and Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. Cyperus rotundus and Panicum repens L. appeared to be the most harmful species.

This work that is one of the first of its kind in Unburned Savannah in Lamto, center of Ivory Coast, intends to characterize the vegetation in terms of dynamic evolution and plant structure, 53 years after its protection from fires. Surfaces plot, linear surveys and itinerant methods were used to collect floristic data. The diversity and the wealth of flora, as well as the structure of the different types of vegetation has been analyzed. 176 plant species belonged to genera 143 kinds and 49 families were indentified. The most important families are the Leguminosae (14.77 %), Rubiaceae (13.63 %) and Apocynaceae (10.79 %). About 15.37 % (27 species) of this flora represents the particular statute species. Among the inventoried species, 11 are exploitable species or exploited as timber of which ten are forest species. Due to richnes of its flore and flora dynamic, the Unburned Savannah must be protected. Based on an ascending hierarchical classification performed by using 11 linear surveys, this study has demonstrated the existence of a floristic variability to three groups.

Stroke is a public health emergency. This study was carried out in the markets of the District of Abidjan, from April to June 2018, to evaluate the knowledge of Traditional Medicine Practitioners on stroke related to its risk factors, sequelae and phytotherapeutic tools used for treatments. Based on semi-direct interviews, 306 herbalists were interviewed. The results showed that hypertension (Fc = 100%) is the major risk factor known by practitioners. Hemiplegia (95.5%), aphasia (80.1%), slurred speech (66.2%) and vision (48.1%) were the main sequelae. A total number of 101 medicinal plants, distributed in 93 genera and 49 families are sold on markets. Ficus mucuso (0.19%), Ziziphus jujuba (0.13%), Ocimum gratissimum (0.08%), Parkia biglobosa (0.08%), Catharanthus roseus (0.07%) are the most mentioned species. The calculation of the ICF yielded an average consensus at the plant level used to treat hemiplegia, aphasia and slurred speech. This exploratory study should play a role in the management of patients and development traditional medicines.

The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.