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Objectives: The purpose of this European multicenter prospective study was to obtain more precise information about the demographic characteristics and etiologic/epidemiologic patterns of motor vehicle accidents (MVA)-related maxillofacial fractures., Study Design: Of the 3260 patients with maxillofacial fractures admitted within the study period, 326 traumas were caused by MVAs with a male/female ratio of 2.2:1., Results: The maximum incidence was found in Zagreb (Croatia) (18%) and the minimum in Bergen (Norway) (0%). The most frequent mechanisms were car accidents, with 177 cases, followed by motorcycle accidents. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible, with 199 fractures, followed by maxillo-zygomatic-orbital (MZO) fractures., Conclusions: In all the 3 groups (car, motorcycle, and pedestrian), mandibular and MZO fractures were the 2 most frequently observed fractures, with some variations. The importance of analyzing MVA-related facial injuries and their features and characteristics should be stressed., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to present and discuss the results of a European multicentre prospective study about pediatric maxillofacial trauma epidemiology during a year., Study Design: The following data were recorded: gender, age, etiology, site of fracture, date of injury. Of the 3396 patients with maxillofacial fractures admitted within the study period, 114 (3.3%) were children aged 15 years and younger, with a male/female ratio of 2.6:1. Mean age was 10.9 years. Most patients (63%) were aged 11-15 years., Results: The most frequent cause of injury was fall (36 patients). Sport injuries and assaults were almost limited to the oldest group, whereas falls were more uniformly distributed in the 3 groups. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible with 47 fractures. In particular, 18 condylar fractures were recorded, followed by 12 body fractures., Conclusions: Falls can be acknowledged as the most important cause of facial trauma during the first years of life. The high incidence of sport accidents after 10 years may be a reason to increase the use of mouthguards and other protective equipment. Finally, the mandible (and in particular the condyle) was confirmed as the most frequent fracture site., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to present and discuss the demographic characteristics and patterns of assault-related maxillofacial fractures as reported by a European multicenter prospective study., Study Design: Demographic and injury data were recorded for each patient who was a victim of an assault., Results: Assaults represented the most frequent etiology of maxillofacial trauma with an overall rate of 39% and the values ranging between 60.8% (Kiev, Ukraine) and 15.4% (Bergen, Norway). The most frequent mechanisms of assault-related maxillofacial fractures were fists in 730 cases, followed by kicks and fists. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible (814 fractures), followed by orbito-zygomatic-maxillary complex fractures and orbital fractures., Conclusions: Our data confirmed the strong possibility that patients with maxillofacial fractures may be victims of physical aggression. The crucial role of alcohol in assault-related fractures was also confirmed by our study., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of this study was to analyse the demographics, causes and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures managed at several European departments of oral and maxillofacial surgery over one year. The following data were recorded: gender, age, aetiology, site of facial fractures, facial injury severity score, timing of intervention, length of hospital stay. Data for a total of 3396 patients (2655 males and 741 females) with 4155 fractures were recorded. The mean age differed from country to country, ranging between 29.9 and 43.9 years. Overall, the most frequent cause of injury was assault, which accounted for the injuries of 1309 patients; assaults and falls alternated as the most important aetiological factor in the various centres. The most frequently observed fracture involved the mandible with 1743 fractures, followed by orbital-zygomatic-maxillary (OZM) fractures. Condylar fractures were the most commonly observed mandibular fracture. The results of the EURMAT collaboration confirm the changing trend in maxillofacial trauma epidemiology in Europe, with trauma cases caused by assaults and falls now outnumbering those due to road traffic accidents. The progressive ageing of the European population, in addition to strict road and work legislation may have been responsible for this change. Men are still the most frequent victims of maxillofacial injuries., (Copyright © 2014 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Chronic dislocation of the temporomandibular jaw (TMJ) can result from lax joint ligaments and parafunctioning joints; it can also be a consequence of a systemic connective tissue disorder. The authors report a case of hypermobile joint syndrome in combination with mitral valve prolapse. The case was managed by osteosynthesis using modified titanium plate.

Primary oral malignant melanomas (POMM) are very rare. Definitive identification is usually possible only after they develop metastases. So every new case is instructive. P.P., a 76-year-old woman presented with a painless exophytic mass (measuring 3 x 3.5 cm) on a pedicle in the right alveolar crest of the upper jaw (teeth 6, 7 and 8) and the palate. The mass was dark red with lobate and ulcerated surface and dense and elastic consistency. Electroresection was performed until healthy tissue was reached. One year later there were enlarged lymph nodes submandibularly on the right: a metastasis arising from an achromatic melanoma of the upper jaw. Fontana-Masson staining, expression of S-100 protein in the melanocytes. The patient was in good condition two years after the administered telegamma and immunotherapy. POMM affects mainly men at advanced age. It is four times as frequent in the upper jaw and palate as it is on the surfaces. The tongue is not affected by POMM but is targeted by the melanoma metastases. Only one third of all cases of POMM are pigmented. They arise on the basis of premelanotic changes. Every equivocal pigmented lesion in the oral cavity should be obligatorily subjected to biopsy. Primary lymph dissection is not used routinely. The therapy of choice is a radical resection combined with chemical, radio and immunotherapy. Prognosis remains grave in spite of treatment.

Condylar fractures present a significant management problem for the surgeon dealing with maxillofacial trauma patients. The main problems in the treatment of the dislocated fractures of the condylar process are: dislocation of the condyle, the delicate operative technique and difficult reposition of the condyle. The authors report a case of fractured and dislocated condylar process of the fabricated mandible which was osteosynthesized by plate. The case is analyzed and the indications for this method are discussed.