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Early diagnosis is the key to successful management of this neonatal condition. One of the modern guiding principles of dentistry is to provide early and comprehensive infant care during the first year of life. Untoward complications can be avoided by simply diagnosing the lesion at an early stage and treating them by eliminating the cause of trauma. The present case report describes early diagnosis and successful management of Riga Fede disease in a 17 days old infant by using conservative approach.

Minimally invasive procedures are the new paradigm in health care. Everything from heart bypasses to gall bladder, surgeries are being performed with these dynamic new techniques. Dentistry is joining this exciting revolution as well. Minimally invasive dentistry adopts a philosophy that integrates prevention, remineralisation and minimal intervention for the placement and replacement of restorations. Minimally invasive dentistry reaches the treatment objective using the least invasive surgical approach, with the removal of the minimal amount of healthy tissues. This paper reviews in brief the concept of minimal intervention in dentistry.

Introduction: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been the biggest threat to humankind during the last 3 years. It has caused the loss of more than 6.9 million precious lives across the world. The only method by which the massacre could be stopped was by mass vaccination or mass immunization. The patients suffering from autoimmune rheumatic disorders (AIRDs) and treated with immunosuppressants were the high-priority candidates for vaccination. However, the data regarding the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in this group of patients are very less. Hence, this study was planned to study the immunogenicity of Covishield in patients with AIRDs attending the rheumatology OPD at DMCH, Ludhiana., Materials and Methods: It was a prospective cohort study and was planned by the Department of Biochemistry and Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. Fifty patients with AIRDs attending the DMCH rheumatology OPD and 52 age and sex-matched healthy controls who had received two doses of Covishield vaccine were included in this study. Patients having any other immunosuppressive conditions like uncontrolled diabetes, hepatitis, malignancy or HIV were excluded. Patients who had suffered from previous laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection (by RT-PCR) were also excluded. Blood samples were collected following all aseptic precautions from patients and controls on the 28 th day after administration of a second dose of Covishield vaccine and total antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike (S) protein receptor binding domain was measured using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S kit from Roche., Results: It was observed that no significant difference was there in antibody titre between cases and controls (6213 ± 4418 vs. 8331 ± 7979, P = 0.1022). It was also observed that no statistically significant difference in antibody titre in cases without prednisolone and those taking treatment with prednisolone was found ( P = 0.7058). A similar observation was found in terms of methotrexate also ( P = 0.457). No significant difference in antibody titres was there when compared with controls (for prednisolone, P = 0.169, for methotrexate, P = 0.078). We found that only the patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil showed a statistically significant decrease in antibody titre in comparison to healthy controls ( P = 0.03). Our study showed no statistically significant difference in antibody titres between patients suffering from different AIRDs., Conclusion: Our study supplements the fact that patients with AIRDs in India can receive Covishield as the primary vaccine against COVID-19 without concerns regarding decreased immunogenicity or increased adverse effects., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)

Milk-derived beverages are considered to be beneficial to not only health but also to dental tissue. However, the exact nature of the effect of these beverages should be studied to formulate an exact diet plan for a child so that only good effects can be obtained from a dietary derivative., Aim and Objective: To evaluate and compare the surface roughness and microhardness of human enamel surface after exposure to different immersion regimes in milk-based beverages., Materials and Methods: A total of 90 samples were prepared from caries-free premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes. The samples were then randomly divided into three groups based on the immersion beverage used vis-a-vis chocolate milk, sweet lassi , and soy milk. The immersion cycles were done for 7 days. After the immersions were complete, the samples were dried and subjected to microhardness and surface roughness testing., Results: The surface roughness of the exposed surface of enamel was found to be in the following order: sweet lassi (verka) > control > soya milk chocolate (sofit) > chocolate milk (Amul Kool Koko). The microhardness of the exposed surface of enamel was found to be in the following order: chocolate milk (Amul Kool Koko) > soya milk chocolate (sofit) > sweet lassi (verka) > control., How to Cite This Article: Ghavri T, Pathak A, Bajwa NK. Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Different Beverages on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Human Enamel Surface: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(5):657-661., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2021; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.)

Objective: To measure fluoride release and recharge ability of restorative materials in deionised water, artificial saliva and lactic acid., Materials and Methods: Pellets were prepared from GC2, Ketac N100 and Beautifil II. Each pellets were individually immersed in 10 ml deionised water, artificial saliva or lactic acid as per respective subgroup for 24 h and then elutes were collected. Specimens were reimmersed in respective container. Fluoride released was analysed after 24 h, 7(th) and 15(th) day. On 15(th) day all specimens were exposed to 1.23% APF gel and fluoride release in respective solution was measured on 16(th), 22(nd), 30(th) day., Result: Fluoride release was more after 24 h for all materials in all media then decrease gradually. GC2 shows more fluoride release than Ketac N100 at 24 hours and on 7(th) day but onwards Ketac N100 released significantly more fluoride. Beautifil II showed least fluoride release at all measured intervals in all media. Order of fluoride release in media was lactic acid > deionised water > artificial saliva for all materials., Conclusion: GICs are smart material which release more fluoride when environment become more acidic and also show tendency to recharge which helps clinically in caries risk children.

Context. An in vitro study carried out to evaluate and compare the effect of Cola drink on surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. Purpose. To compare the effect of different immersion regimes in a Cola drink on surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. Method. Two hundred samples were grouped into 4 equal groups of 50 samples each: Group I: conventional glass ionomer, Group II: resin modified glass ionomer, Group III: polyacid-modified resin composite, Group IV: Composite resin. Each group was further subdivided into 5 subgroups of 10 samples each. Subgroup A (Control Subgroup). Samples were kept immersed in artificial saliva. Subgroup B. Samples were immersed in Cola drink once a day. Subgroup C. Samples were immersed in Cola drink, 3 times a day. Subgroup D. Samples were immersed in Cola drink 5 times a day. Subgroup E. Samples were immersed in Cola drink 10 times a day. Each immersion lasted 5 minutes. The immersion protocol was repeated for 7 days. Results. Maximum surface roughness was seen in Group I conventional glass ionomer cement, followed by Group II resin modified glass ionomer, Group III polyacid modified resin composite, and Group IV composite resin samples. Conclusion. Resistance to change in surface roughness is more in resin based restorative materials as compared to glass ionomer based materials.