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1. An Analysis of XML Compression Efficiency

Author

Augeri, Christopher James, Mullins, Barry E., Baird III, Leemon C., Bulutoglu, Dursun A., and Baldwin, Rusty O.

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases, Computer Science - Information Theory, Computer Science - Performance, E.4, H.1.1, H.3.5, I.7.2, D.2.8
Abstract

XML simplifies data exchange among heterogeneous computers, but it is notoriously verbose and has spawned the development of many XML-specific compressors and binary formats. We present an XML test corpus and a combined efficiency metric integrating compression ratio and execution speed. We use this corpus and linear regression to assess 14 general-purpose and XML-specific compressors relative to the proposed metric. We also identify key factors when selecting a compressor. Our results show XMill or WBXML may be useful in some instances, but a general-purpose compressor is often the best choice., Comment: 1. test data at https://web.archive.org/web/20160805043420/http://chris-augeri.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/xml_compress.htm 2. one next step is testing newer compressors, e.g., Brotli, along with Zstandard, which leverages the asymmetric numeral system (ANS) 3. citations at https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=8178011010886368797&hl=en&as_sdt=5,33&sciodt=0,33

Published
2024
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2. Association of Depression and Antidepressant Use With Driving Behaviors in Older Adults: A LongROAD Study.

Author

Isom, Chelsea, Baird, Sara, Betz, Marian, DiGuiseppi, Carolyn, Eby, David, Li, Guohua, Lee, Kelly, Molnar, Lisa, Moran, Ryan, Strogatz, David, and Hill, Linda

Subjects
depression, driving, medication, Humans, Male, Automobile Driving, Female, Aged, Depression, Antidepressive Agents, Accidents, Traffic, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, United States, Aged, 80 and over, Self Report, Middle Aged
Abstract

Older adults aged 70 and older who drive have higher crash death rates per mile driven compared to middle aged (35-54 years) adults who drive in the US. Prior studies have found that depression and or antidepressant medication use in older adults are associated with an increase in the vehicular crash rate. Using data from the prospective multi-site AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers Study, this analysis examined the independent and interdependent associations of self-reported depression and antidepressant use with driving behaviors that can increase motor vehicle crash risk such as hard braking, speeding, and night-time driving in adults over age 65. Of the 2951 participants, 6.4% reported having depression and 21.9% were on an antidepressant medication. Correcting for age, race, gender, and education level, participants on an antidepressant had increased hard braking events (1.22 [1.10-1.34]) but self-reported depression alone was not associated with changes in driving behaviors.

Published
2024

3. Dietary supplement use is common in older adult drivers: an analysis from the AAA LongROAD study.

Author

Moran, Ryan, Baird, Sara, DiGuiseppi, Carolyn, Eby, David, Hacker, Sarah, Isom, Chelsea, Jones, Vanya, Lee, Kelly, Li, Guohua, Molnar, Lisa, Patrick, Rudy, Strogatz, David, and Hill, Linda

Subjects
Dietary supplement, Older adult, Polypharmacy, Supplement, Humans, Aged, Dietary Supplements, Female, Male, Prospective Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Automobile Driving, United States
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dietary supplement (DS) use is common and increasing among older adults, though much data available on use frequencies are from surveys and performed cross-sectionally. This paper sought to assess the frequency and pattern of dietary supplement use among older adults over time. METHODS: A secondary analysis of data from the AAA LongROAD study, a longitudinal prospective cohort study of older adult drivers, using data from baseline and the first two years of follow up included a total of 2990 drivers aged 65-79 years recruited at five study sites across the US from July 2015 to March 2017. Participants underwent baseline and annual evaluations, which included a brown bag medication review. DS were identified and categorized according to type and key components. Prevalence and pattern of DS use over time and relationship to demographics were measured with frequency and Chi squared analyses. RESULTS: 84% of participants took at least one dietary supplement during the 2-year study period, and 55% of participants continually reported use. DS accounted for approximately 30% of the total pharmacologic-pill burden in all years. Participants who were White non-Hispanic, female, 75-79 years of age at baseline, and on more non-supplement medications took significantly more dietary supplements (P

Published
2024

4. Bounding elastic photon-photon scattering at $\sqrt s \approx 1\,$MeV using a laser-plasma platform

Author

Watt, R., Kettle, B., Gerstmayr, E., King, B., Alejo, A., Astbury, S., Baird, C., Bohlen, S., Campbell, M., Colgan, C., Dannheim, D., Gregory, C., Harsh, H., Hatfield, P., Hinojosa, J., Hollatz, D., Katzir, Y., Morton, J., Murphy, C. D., Nurnberg, A., Osterhoff, J., Pérez-Callejo, G., Põder, K., Rajeev, P. P., Roedel, C., Roeder, F., Salgado, F. C., Samarin, G. M., Sarri, G., Seidel, A., Spindloe, C., Steinke, S., Streeter, M. J. V., Thomas, A. G. R., Underwood, C., Wu, W., Zepf, M., Rose, S. J., and Mangles, S. P. D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We report on a direct search for elastic photon-photon scattering using x-ray and $\gamma$ photons from a laser-plasma based experiment. A gamma photon beam produced by a laser wakefield accelerator provided a broadband gamma spectrum extending to above $E_\gamma = 200$ MeV. These were collided with a dense x-ray field produced by the emission from a laser heated germanium foil at $E_x \approx 1.4$ keV, corresponding to an invariant mass of $\sqrt{s} = 1.22 \pm 0.22$ MeV. In these asymmetric collisions elastic scattering removes one x-ray and one high-energy $\gamma$ photon and outputs two lower energy $\gamma$ photons. No changes in the $\gamma$ photon spectrum were observed as a result of the collisions allowing us to place a 95% upper bound on the cross section of $1.5 \times 10^{15}\,\mu$b. Although far from the QED prediction, this represents the lowest upper limit obtained so far for $\sqrt{s} \lesssim 1$ MeV., Comment: 6 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

5. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: long-term stability

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M de Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johann, U, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Killow, C J, Korsakova, N, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sanjuan, J, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P J, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The tilt-to-length coupling during the LISA Pathfinder mission has been numerically and analytically modeled for particular timespans. In this work, we investigate the long-term stability of the coupling coefficients of this noise. We show that they drifted slowly (by 1\,$\mu$m/rad and 6$\times10^{-6}$ in 100 days) and strongly correlated to temperature changes within the satellite (8\,$\mu$m/rad/K and 30$\times10^{-6}$/K). Based on analytical TTL coupling models, we attribute the temperature-driven coupling changes to rotations of the test masses and small distortions in the optical setup. Particularly, we show that LISA Pathfinder's optical baseplate was bent during the cooldown experiment, which started in late 2016 and lasted several months.

Published
2024
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6. Precision measurements of the magnetic parameters of LISA Pathfinder test masses

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martino, J, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Pivato, P, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Serrano, D, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

A precise characterization of the magnetic properties of LISA Pathfinder free falling test-masses is of special interest for future gravitational wave observatory in space. Magnetic forces have an important impact on the instrument sensitivity in the low frequency regime below the millihertz. In this paper we report on the magnetic injection experiments performed throughout LISA Pathfinder operations. We show how these experiments allowed a high precision estimate of the instrument magnetic parameters. The remanent magnetic moment was found to have a modulus of $(0.245\pm0.081)\,\rm{nAm}^2$, the x-component of the background magnetic field within the test masses position was measured to be $(414 \pm 74)$ nT and its gradient had a value of $(-7.4\pm 2.1)\,\mu$T/m. Finally, we also measured the test mass magnetic susceptibility to be $(-3.35\pm0.15)\times$10$^{-5}$ in the low frequency regime. All results are in agreement with on-ground estimates.

Published
2024

7. Magnetic-induced force noise in LISA Pathfinder free-falling test masses

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martino, J, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Pivato, P, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Serrano, D, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

LISA Pathfinder was a mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. Magnetically driven forces play a key role in the instrument sensitivity in the low-frequency regime, which corresponds to the measurement band of interest for future space-borne gravitational wave observatories. Magnetic-induced forces couple to the test mass motion, introducing a contribution to the relative acceleration noise between the free falling test masses. In this Letter we present the first complete estimate of this term of the instrument performance model. Our results set the magnetic-induced acceleration noise during the February 2017 noise run of $\rm 0.25_{-0.08}^{+0.15}\,fm\,s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 1 mHz and $\rm 1.01_{-0.24}^{+0.73}\, fm\,s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 0.1 mHz. We also discuss how the non-stationarities of the interplanetary magnetic field can affect these values during extreme space weather conditions.

Published
2024

8. DB3V: A Dialect Dominated Dataset of Bird Vocalisation for Cross-corpus Bird Species Recognition

Author

Jing, Xin, Zhang, Luyang, Xie, Jiangjian, Gebhard, Alexander, Baird, Alice, and Schuller, Bjoern

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, Computer Science - Sound
Abstract

In ornithology, bird species are known to have variedit's widely acknowledged that bird species display diverse dialects in their calls across different regions. Consequently, computational methods to identify bird species onsolely through their calls face critsignificalnt challenges. There is growing interest in understanding the impact of species-specific dialects on the effectiveness of bird species recognition methods. Despite potential mitigation through the expansion of dialect datasets, the absence of publicly available testing data currently impedes robust benchmarking efforts. This paper presents the Dialect Dominated Dataset of Bird Vocalisation, the first cross-corpus dataset that focuses on dialects in bird vocalisations. The DB3V comprises more than 25 hours of audio recordings from 10 bird species distributed across three distinct regions in the contiguous United States (CONUS). In addition to presenting the dataset, we conduct analyses and establish baseline models for cross-corpus bird recognition. The data and code are publicly available online: https://zenodo.org/records/11544734, Comment: accepted by Interspeech 2024

Published
2024

9. The Epistemology behind Covariate Adjustment

Author

Baird, Grayson L. and Bieber, Stephen L.

Subjects
Statistics - Other Statistics, 62J05
Abstract

It is often asserted that to control for the effects of confounders, one should include the confounding variables of concern in a statistical model as a covariate. Conversely, it is also asserted that control can only be concluded by design, where the results from an analysis can only be interpreted as evidence of an effect because the design controlled for the cause. To suggest otherwise is said to be a fallacy of cum hoc ergo propter hoc. Obviously, these two assertions create a conundrum: How can the effect of confounder be controlled for with analysis instead of by design without committing cum hoc ergo propter hoc? The present manuscript answers this conundrum., Comment: 30 pages, 6 Figures, r code

Published
2024

10. Structural Entities Extraction and Patient Indications Incorporation for Chest X-ray Report Generation

Author

Liu, Kang, Ma, Zhuoqi, Kang, Xiaolu, Zhong, Zhusi, Jiao, Zhicheng, Baird, Grayson, Bai, Harrison, and Miao, Qiguang

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

The automated generation of imaging reports proves invaluable in alleviating the workload of radiologists. A clinically applicable reports generation algorithm should demonstrate its effectiveness in producing reports that accurately describe radiology findings and attend to patient-specific indications. In this paper, we introduce a novel method, \textbf{S}tructural \textbf{E}ntities extraction and patient indications \textbf{I}ncorporation (SEI) for chest X-ray report generation. Specifically, we employ a structural entities extraction (SEE) approach to eliminate presentation-style vocabulary in reports and improve the quality of factual entity sequences. This reduces the noise in the following cross-modal alignment module by aligning X-ray images with factual entity sequences in reports, thereby enhancing the precision of cross-modal alignment and further aiding the model in gradient-free retrieval of similar historical cases. Subsequently, we propose a cross-modal fusion network to integrate information from X-ray images, similar historical cases, and patient-specific indications. This process allows the text decoder to attend to discriminative features of X-ray images, assimilate historical diagnostic information from similar cases, and understand the examination intention of patients. This, in turn, assists in triggering the text decoder to produce high-quality reports. Experiments conducted on MIMIC-CXR validate the superiority of SEI over state-of-the-art approaches on both natural language generation and clinical efficacy metrics., Comment: The code is available at https://github.com/mk-runner/SEI-Temp or https://github.com/mk-runner/SEI

Published
2024

11. Next generation clinical trials: Seamless designs and master protocols

Author

Burdon, Abigail, Jaki, Thomas, Chen, Xijin, Mozgunov, Pavel, Zheng, Haiyan, and Baird, Richard

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Background: Drug development is often inefficient, costly and lengthy, yet it is essential for evaluating the safety and efficacy of new interventions. Compared with other disease areas, this is particularly true for Phase II / III cancer clinical trials where high attrition rates and reduced regulatory approvals are being seen. In response to these challenges, seamless clinical trials and master protocols have emerged to streamline the drug development process. Methods: Seamless clinical trials, characterized by their ability to transition seamlessly from one phase to another, can lead to accelerating the development of promising therapies while Master protocols provide a framework for investigating multiple treatment options and patient subgroups within a single trial. Results: We discuss the advantages of these methods through real trial examples and the principals that lead to their success while also acknowledging the associated regulatory considerations and challenges. Conclusion: Seamless designs and Master protocols have the potential to improve confirmatory clinical trials. In the disease area of cancer, this ultimately means that patients can receive life-saving treatments sooner., Comment: 12 manuscript pages, 2 figures and 2 tables

Published
2024

12. In-depth analysis of LISA Pathfinder performance results: Time evolution, noise projection, physical models, and implications for LISA

Author

Armano, M., Audley, H., Baird, J., Binetruy, P., Born, M., Bortoluzzi, D., Castelli, E., Cavalleri, A., Cesarini, A., Chiavegato, V., Cruise, A. M., Bosco, D. Dal, Danzmann, K., Silva, M. De Deus, Diepholz, I., Dixon, G., Dolesi, R., Ferraioli, L., Ferroni, V., Fitzsimons, E. D., Freschi, M., Gesa, L., Giardini, D., Gibert, F., Giusteri, R., Grimani, C., Grzymisch, J., Harrison, I., Hartig, M. S., Heinzel, G., Hewitson, M., Hollington, D., Hoyland, D., Hueller, M., Inchauspé, H., Jennrich, O., Jetzer, P., Johlander, B., Karnesis, N., Kaune, B., Korsakova, N., Killow, C. J., Lobo, J. A., Lopez-Zaragoza, J. P., Maarschalkerweerd, R., Mance, D., Martın, V., Martin-Polo, L., Martin-Porqueras, F., Martino, J., McNamara, P. W., Mendes, J., Mendes, L., Meshksar, N., Nofrarias, M., Paczkowski, S., Perreur-Lloyd, M., Petiteau, A., Plagnol, E., Ramos-Castro, J., Reiche, J., Rivas, F., Robertson, D. I., Russano, G., Sala, L., Slutsky, J., Sopuerta, C. F., Sumner, T., Texier, D., Thorpe, J. I., Vetrugno, D., Vitale, S., Wanner, G., Ward, H., Wass, P., Weber, W. J., Wissel, L., Wittchen, A., Zanoni, C., and Zweifel, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an in-depth analysis of the LISA Pathfinder differential acceleration performance over the entire course of its science operations, spanning approximately 500 days. We find that: 1) the evolution of the Brownian noise that dominates the acceleration amplitude spectral density (ASD), for frequencies $f\gtrsim 1\,\text{mHz}$, is consistent with the decaying pressure due to the outgassing of a single gaseous species. 2) between $f=36\,\mu\text{Hz}$ and $1\,\text{mHz}$, the acceleration ASD shows a $1/f$ tail in excess of the Brownian noise of almost constant amplitude, with $\simeq 20\%$ fluctuations over a period of a few days, with no particular time pattern over the course of the mission; 3) at the lowest considered frequency of $f=18\,\mu\text{Hz}$, the ASD significantly deviates from the $1/f$ behavior, because of temperature fluctuations that appear to modulate a quasi-static pressure gradient, sustained by the asymmetries of the outgassing pattern. We also present the results of a projection of the observed acceleration noise on the potential sources for which we had either a direct correlation measurement, or a quantitative estimate from dedicated experiments. These sources account for approximately $40\%$ of the noise power in the $1/f$ tail. Finally, we analyze the possible sources of the remaining unexplained fraction, and identify the possible measures that may be taken to keep those under control in LISA.

Published
2024
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13. AniMAIRE -- A New Openly Available Tool for Calculating Atmospheric Ionising Radiation Dose Rates and Single Event Effects During Anisotropic Conditions

Author

Davis, Christopher Stephen William, Baird, Fraser, Lei, Fan, Ryden, Keith, and Dyer, Clive

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

AniMAIRE (Anisotropic Model for Atmospheric Ionising Radiation Effects) is a new model and Python toolkit for calculating radiation dose rates experienced by aircraft during anisotropic solar energetic particle events. AniMAIRE expands the physics of the MAIRE+ model such that dose rate calculations can be performed for anisotropic solar energetic particle conditions by supplying a proton or alpha particle rigidity spectrum, a pitch angle distribution, and the conditions of Earth's magnetosphere. In this paper, we describe the algorithm and top-level structure of AniMAIRE and showcase AniMAIRE's capabilities by analysing the dose rate maps that AniMAIRE produces when the time-dependent spectra and pitch angle distribution for GLE71 are inputted. We find that the dose rates AniMAIRE produces for the event fall between the dose rates produced by the WASAVIES and CRAC:DOMO models. Dose rate maps that evolve throughout the event are also shown, and it is found that each peak in the inputted pitch angle distribution generates a dose rate hotspot in each of the polar regions. AniMAIRE has been made available openly online so that it can be downloaded and run freely on local machines and so that the space weather community can easily contribute to it using Github forking., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, manuscript submitted to Space Weather Journal. The previous version of this had the incorrect abstract and title, this has been fixed in this version

Published
2024

14. Academics' Perspectives of the Purpose and Enactment of Accreditation of Health Professions Programs in Australia: Using Yanow's Interpretive Policy Approach

Author

Sarah J. Meiklejohn, Julia Morphet, Kristal Lee, Marilyn Baird, Wayne Hodgson, Claire E. Palermo, and Brian Coffey

Abstract

This article offers a critical exploration of the espoused purpose and implementation of accreditation of health professions programs in Australia from the perspectives of academics at an Australian university. It examines enactment of accreditation in supporting the development of work-ready graduates through outcome-based education. By drawing upon Yanow's interpretive policy approach, this qualitative study identifies similarities in perceptions of accreditation across health professions and draws attention to key tensions that must be addressed in the pursuit of outcome-based education. Concerns related to the inflexibility of accreditors, time and administrative requirements, and processes for educational review and innovation are highlighted. The article concludes by offering suggestions for changing accreditation practices to ensure future-focused work-ready graduates.

Published
2024
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15. Phylogeny, morphology, virulence, ecology, and host range of Ordospora pajunii (Ordosporidae), a microsporidian symbiont of Daphnia spp.

Author

Dziuba, Marcin K, McIntire, Kristina M, Seto, Kensuke, Davenport, Elizabeth S, Rogalski, Mary A, Gowler, Camden D, Baird, Emma, Vaandrager, Megan, Huerta, Cristian, Jaye, Riley, Corcoran, Fiona E, Withrow, Alicia, Ahrendt, Steven, Salamov, Asaf, Nolan, Matt, Tejomurthula, Sravanthi, Barry, Kerrie, Grigoriev, Igor V, James, Timothy Y, and Duffy, Meghan A

Subjects
Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Animals, Daphnia, Symbiosis, Host Specificity, Phylogeny, Virulence, Microsporidia, Microsporidia, Unclassified, microsporidia, mutualism-parasitism continuum, symbiosis, pathogen, zooplankton, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical microbiology
Abstract

The impacts of microsporidia on host individuals are frequently subtle and can be context dependent. A key example of the latter comes from a recently discovered microsporidian symbiont of Daphnia, the net impact of which was found to shift from negative to positive based on environmental context. Given this, we hypothesized low baseline virulence of the microsporidian; here, we investigated the impact of infection on hosts in controlled conditions and the absence of other stressors. We also investigated its phylogenetic position, ecology, and host range. The genetic data indicate that the symbiont is Ordospora pajunii, a newly described microsporidian parasite of Daphnia. We show that O. pajunii infection damages the gut, causing infected epithelial cells to lose microvilli and then rupture. The prevalence of this microsporidian could be high (up to 100% in the lab and 77% of adults in the field). Its overall virulence was low in most cases, but some genotypes suffered reduced survival and/or reproduction. Susceptibility and virulence were strongly host-genotype dependent. We found that North American O. pajunii were able to infect multiple Daphnia species, including the European species Daphnia longispina, as well as Ceriodaphnia spp. Given the low, often undetectable virulence of this microsporidian and potentially far-reaching consequences of infections for the host when interacting with other pathogens or food, this Daphnia-O. pajunii symbiosis emerges as a valuable system for studying the mechanisms of context-dependent shifts between mutualism and parasitism, as well as for understanding how symbionts might alter host interactions with resources.ImportanceThe net outcome of symbiosis depends on the costs and benefits to each partner. Those can be context dependent, driving the potential for an interaction to change between parasitism and mutualism. Understanding the baseline fitness impact in an interaction can help us understand those shifts; for an organism that is generally parasitic, it should be easier for it to become a mutualist if its baseline virulence is relatively low. Recently, a microsporidian was found to become beneficial to its Daphnia hosts in certain ecological contexts, but little was known about the symbiont (including its species identity). Here, we identify it as the microsporidium Ordospora pajunii. Despite the parasitic nature of microsporidia, we found O. pajunii to be, at most, mildly virulent; this helps explain why it can shift toward mutualism in certain ecological contexts and helps establish O. pajunii is a valuable model for investigating shifts along the mutualism-parasitism continuum.

Published
2024

16. Interdot Lead Halide Excess Management in PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells

Author

Albaladejo-Siguan, Miguel, Becker-Koch, David, Baird, Elizabeth C., Hofstetter, Yvonne J., Carwithen, Ben P., Kirch, Anton, Reineke, Sebastian, Bakulin, Artem A., Paulus, Fabian, and Vaynzof, Yana

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Light-harvesting devices made from PbS quantum dot (QD) absorbers are one of the many promising technologies of third-generation photovoltaics. Their simple, solution-based fabrication together with a highly tunable and broad light absorption makes their application in newly developed solar cells particularly promising. In order to yield devices with reduced voltage and current losses, PbS QDs need to have strategically passivated surfaces, most commonly achieved through lead iodide and bromide passivation. The interdot spacing is then predominantly filled with residual amorphous lead halide species that remain from the ligand exchange, thus hindering efficient charge transport and reducing device stability. Herein, we demonstrate that a post-treatment by iodide based 2-phenylethlyammonium salts (X-PEAI) and intermediate 2D perovskite formation can be used to manage the lead halide excess in the PbS QD active layer. This treatment results in improved device performance and increased shelf-life stability, demonstrating the importance of interdot spacing management in PbS quantum dot photovoltaics.

Published
2024

17. Bis(stearoyl) Sulfide: A Stable, Odor-free Sulfur Precursor for High-Efficiency Metal Sulfide Quantum Dot Photovoltaics

Author

Albaladejo-Siguan, Miguel, Prudnikau, Anatol, Senina, Alina, Baird, Elizabeth C., Hofstetter, Yvonne J., Brunner, Julius, Shi, Juanzi, Vaynzof, Yana, and Paulus, Fabian

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The synthesis of metal sulfide nanocrystals is a crucial step in the fabrication of quantum dot (QD) photovoltaics. Control over the quantum dot size during synthesis allows for precise tuning of their optical and electronic properties, making them an appealing choice for electronic applications. This flexibility has led to the implementation of quantum dots in both highly-efficient single junction solar cells and other optoelectronic devices including photodetectors and transistors. Most commonly, metal sulfide quantum dots are synthesized using the hot-injection method utilizing toxic, and air- and moisture sensitive sulfur source: bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide (TMS)2S. Here, we present bis(stearoyl) sulfide (St2S) as a new type of air-stable sulfur precursor for the synthesis of sulfide-based QDs, which yields uniform, pure, and stable nanocrystals. Photovoltaic devices based on these QDs are equally efficient as those fabricated by (TMS)2S but exhibit an enhanced operational stability. These results highlight that St2S can be widely adopted for the synthesis of metal sulfide quantum dots for a range of optoelectronic applications.

Published
2024

18. A generalised sigmoid population growth model with energy dependence: application to quantify the tipping point for Antarctic shallow seabed algae

Author

Mills, Elise, Clark, Graeme F., Simpson, Matthew J., Baird, Mark, and Adams, Matthew P.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Sigmoid growth models are often used to study population dynamics. The size of a population at equilibrium commonly depends explicitly on the availability of resources, such as an energy or nutrient source, which is not explicit in standard sigmoid growth models. A simple generalised extension of sigmoid growth models is introduced that can explicitly account for this resource-dependence, demonstrated by three examples of this family of models of increasing mathematical complexity. Each model is calibrated and compared to observed data for algae under sea-ice in Antarctic coastal waters. It was found that through careful construction, models satisfying the proposed framework can estimate key properties of a sea-ice break-out controlled tipping point for the algae, which cannot be estimated using standard sigmoid growth models. The proposed broader family of energy-dependent sigmoid growth models likely has usage in many population growth contexts where resources limit population size.

Published
2024

19. The NeurIPS 2023 Machine Learning for Audio Workshop: Affective Audio Benchmarks and Novel Data

Author

Baird, Alice, Manzelli, Rachel, Tzirakis, Panagiotis, Gagne, Chris, Li, Haoqi, Allen, Sadie, Dieleman, Sander, Kulis, Brian, Narayanan, Shrikanth S., and Cowen, Alan

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

The NeurIPS 2023 Machine Learning for Audio Workshop brings together machine learning (ML) experts from various audio domains. There are several valuable audio-driven ML tasks, from speech emotion recognition to audio event detection, but the community is sparse compared to other ML areas, e.g., computer vision or natural language processing. A major limitation with audio is the available data; with audio being a time-dependent modality, high-quality data collection is time-consuming and costly, making it challenging for academic groups to apply their often state-of-the-art strategies to a larger, more generalizable dataset. In this short white paper, to encourage researchers with limited access to large-datasets, the organizers first outline several open-source datasets that are available to the community, and for the duration of the workshop are making several propriety datasets available. Namely, three vocal datasets, Hume-Prosody, Hume-VocalBurst, an acted emotional speech dataset Modulate-Sonata, and an in-game streamer dataset Modulate-Stream. We outline the current baselines on these datasets but encourage researchers from across audio to utilize them outside of the initial baseline tasks.

Published
2024

20. The 6th Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW) Competition

Author

Kollias, Dimitrios, Tzirakis, Panagiotis, Cowen, Alan, Zafeiriou, Stefanos, Kotsia, Irene, Baird, Alice, Gagne, Chris, Shao, Chunchang, and Hu, Guanyu

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

This paper describes the 6th Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW) Competition, which is part of the respective Workshop held in conjunction with IEEE CVPR 2024. The 6th ABAW Competition addresses contemporary challenges in understanding human emotions and behaviors, crucial for the development of human-centered technologies. In more detail, the Competition focuses on affect related benchmarking tasks and comprises of five sub-challenges: i) Valence-Arousal Estimation (the target is to estimate two continuous affect dimensions, valence and arousal), ii) Expression Recognition (the target is to recognise between the mutually exclusive classes of the 7 basic expressions and 'other'), iii) Action Unit Detection (the target is to detect 12 action units), iv) Compound Expression Recognition (the target is to recognise between the 7 mutually exclusive compound expression classes), and v) Emotional Mimicry Intensity Estimation (the target is to estimate six continuous emotion dimensions). In the paper, we present these Challenges, describe their respective datasets and challenge protocols (we outline the evaluation metrics) and present the baseline systems as well as their obtained performance. More information for the Competition can be found in: https://affective-behavior-analysis-in-the-wild.github.io/6th.

Published
2024

31. Jupyter widgets and extensions for education and research in computational physics and chemistry

Author

Du, Dou, Baird, Taylor J., Eimre, Kristjan, Bonella, Sara, and Pizzi, Giovanni

Subjects
Physics - Physics Education, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Interactive notebooks are a precious tool for creating graphical user interfaces and teaching materials. Python and Jupyter are becoming increasingly popular in this context, with Jupyter widgets at the core of the interactive functionalities. However, while packages and libraries which offer a broad range of general-purpose widgets exist, there is limited development of specialized widgets for computational physics, chemistry and materials science. This deficiency implies significant time investments for the development of effective Jupyter notebooks for research and education in these domains. Here, we present custom Jupyter widgets that we have developed to target the needs of these communities. These widgets constitute high-quality interactive graphical components and can be employed, for example, to visualize and manipulate data, or to explore different visual representations of concepts, clarifying the relationships existing between them. In addition, we discuss with one example how similar functionality can be exposed in the form of JupyterLab extensions, modifying the JupyterLab interface for an enhanced user experience when working with applications within the targeted scientific domains., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures

Published
2024
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32. Smaller total and subregional cerebellar volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder: a mega-analysis by the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD workgroup

Author

Huggins, Ashley A, Baird, C Lexi, Briggs, Melvin, Laskowitz, Sarah, Hussain, Ahmed, Fouda, Samar, Haswell, Courtney, Sun, Delin, Salminen, Lauren E, Jahanshad, Neda, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Veltman, Dick J, Frijling, Jessie L, Olff, Miranda, van Zuiden, Mirjam, Koch, Saskia BJ, Nawjin, Laura, Wang, Li, Zhu, Ye, Li, Gen, Stein, Dan J, Ipser, Jonathan, Seedat, Soraya, du Plessis, Stefan, van den Heuvel, Leigh L, Suarez-Jimenez, Benjamin, Zhu, Xi, Kim, Yoojean, He, Xiaofu, Zilcha-Mano, Sigal, Lazarov, Amit, Neria, Yuval, Stevens, Jennifer S, Ressler, Kerry J, Jovanovic, Tanja, van Rooij, Sanne JH, Fani, Negar, Hudson, Anna R, Mueller, Sven C, Sierk, Anika, Manthey, Antje, Walter, Henrik, Daniels, Judith K, Schmahl, Christian, Herzog, Julia I, Říha, Pavel, Rektor, Ivan, Lebois, Lauren AM, Kaufman, Milissa L, Olson, Elizabeth A, Baker, Justin T, Rosso, Isabelle M, King, Anthony P, Liberzon, Isreal, Angstadt, Mike, Davenport, Nicholas D, Sponheim, Scott R, Disner, Seth G, Straube, Thomas, Hofmann, David, Qi, Rongfeng, Lu, Guang Ming, Baugh, Lee A, Forster, Gina L, Simons, Raluca M, Simons, Jeffrey S, Magnotta, Vincent A, Fercho, Kelene A, Maron-Katz, Adi, Etkin, Amit, Cotton, Andrew S, O’Leary, Erin N, Xie, Hong, Wang, Xin, Quidé, Yann, El-Hage, Wissam, Lissek, Shmuel, Berg, Hannah, Bruce, Steven, Cisler, Josh, Ross, Marisa, Herringa, Ryan J, Grupe, Daniel W, Nitschke, Jack B, Davidson, Richard J, Larson, Christine L, deRoon-Cassini, Terri A, Tomas, Carissa W, Fitzgerald, Jacklynn M, Blackford, Jennifer Urbano, Olatunji, Bunmi O, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Franz, Carol E, Gordon, Evan M, May, Geoffrey, Nelson, Steven M, Abdallah, Chadi G, Levy, Ifat, and Harpaz-Rotem, Ilan

Subjects
Clinical and Health Psychology, Psychology, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Mental Illness, Behavioral and Social Science, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Mind and Body, Neurosciences, Mental health, Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Cerebellum, Female, Male, Adult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, White Matter, Gray Matter, Organ Size, Deep Learning, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Although the cerebellum contributes to higher-order cognitive and emotional functions relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prior research on cerebellar volume in PTSD is scant, particularly when considering subregions that differentially map on to motor, cognitive, and affective functions. In a sample of 4215 adults (PTSD n = 1642; Control n = 2573) across 40 sites from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group, we employed a new state-of-the-art deep-learning based approach for automatic cerebellar parcellation to obtain volumetric estimates for the total cerebellum and 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, gender, intracranial volume, and site were used to compare cerebellum volumes in PTSD compared to healthy controls (88% trauma-exposed). PTSD was associated with significant grey and white matter reductions of the cerebellum. Compared to controls, people with PTSD demonstrated smaller total cerebellum volume, as well as reduced volume in subregions primarily within the posterior lobe (lobule VIIB, crus II), vermis (VI, VIII), flocculonodular lobe (lobule X), and corpus medullare (all p-FDR

Published
2024

33. NanoNewton electrostatic force actuators for femtoNewton-sensitive measurements: system performance test in the LISA Pathfinder mission

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Bassan, M, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Chiavegato, V, Cruise, A M, Bosco, D Dal, Danzmann, K, Silva, M De Deus, De Rosa, R, Di Fiore, L, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferroni, L Ferraioli V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grado, A, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Korsakova, N, Killow, C J, Liu, L, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Moerschell, J, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Praplan, C, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sala, L, Sarra, P, Schule-Walewski, S L, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Stanga, R, Sumner, T, Pierick, J ten, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, Zanoni, C, and Zweifel, P

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Electrostatic force actuation is a key component of the system of geodesic reference test masses (TM) for the LISA orbiting gravitational wave observatory and in particular for performance at low frequencies, below 1 mHz, where the observatory sensitivity is limited by stray force noise. The system needs to apply forces of order 10$^{-9}$ N while limiting fluctuations in the measurement band to levels approaching 10$^{-15}$ N/Hz$^{1/2}$. We present here the LISA actuation system design, based on audio-frequency voltage carrier signals, and results of its in-flight performance test with the LISA Pathfinder test mission. In LISA, TM force actuation is used to align the otherwise free-falling TM to the spacecraft-mounted optical metrology system, without any forcing along the critical gravitational wave-sensitive interferometry axes. In LISA Pathfinder, on the other hand, the actuation was used also to stabilize the TM along the critical $x$ axis joining the two TM, with the commanded actuation force entering directly into the mission's main differential acceleration science observable. The mission allowed demonstration of the full compatibility of the electrostatic actuation system with the LISA observatory requirements, including dedicated measurement campaigns to amplify, isolate, and quantify the two main force noise contributions from the actuation system, from actuator gain noise and from low frequency ``in band'' voltage fluctuations. These campaigns have shown actuation force noise to be a relevant, but not dominant, noise source in LISA Pathfinder and have allowed performance projections for the conditions expected in the LISA mission.

Published
2023

34. Connection between Sub-surface Layers and Surface Magnetic Activity over Multiple Solar Cycles

Author

Baird, Mackenzie A., Tripathy, Sushanta C., and Jain, Kiran

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We investigate spatio-temporal evolution of high-degree acoustic mode frequencies of the Sun and the surface magnetic activity, over the course of multiple solar cycles, to improve our understanding of the connection between the solar interior and atmosphere. We focus on high-degree modes due to their ability to characterize conditions in the shear layer just below the solar surface. Using the full-disk Doppler observations made by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG), mode frequencies covering the period from July 2001 to December 2021 are computed through the local helioseismic technique of ring diagrams. Considering 10.7 cm radio flux measurements, the sunspot number, and the local magnetic activity index as solar activity proxies, we note strong correlation between the frequency shifts and each activity index. We further investigate the hemispheric asymmetry in frequency shifts and magnetic activity and find that both the activity and frequencies in the descending phase of cycle 23 were dominant in the southern hemisphere, while in cycle 24 these quantities fluctuated between northern and southern hemispheres. Analyzing the frequency shifts at different latitudes with the progression of solar cycles, we observe that the shifts at mid-latitudes are dominant in the southern hemisphere during the maximum period of solar activity in cycle 24 but the values overlap as the cycle advances towards the minimum activity period. The frequency shifts at the beginning of cycle 25 are found to be dominant in the southern hemisphere following magnetic activity. The analysis presents additional evidence that the variability in oscillation frequencies are caused by both strong and weak magnetic fields., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2023

35. Cohomology of fixed point sets of anti-symplectic involutions in the Hilbert scheme of points on a surface

Author

Baird, Thomas John

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, 14C30
Abstract

Let $S$ be a smooth, quasi-projective complex surface with complex symplectic form $\omega \in H^0(S, K_S)$. This determines a symplectic form $\omega_n$ on the Hilbert scheme of points $S^{[n]}$ for $n \geq 1$. Let $\tau$ be an anti-symplectic involution of $(S,\omega)$: an order two automorphism of $S$ such that $ \tau^*\omega=-\omega$. Then $\tau$ induces an anti-symplectic involution on $(S^{[n]},\omega_n)$ and the fixed point set $(S^{[n]})^\tau$ is a smooth Lagrangian subvariety of $S^{[n]}$. In this paper, we calculate the mixed Hodge structure of $H^*( (S^{[n]})^\tau; \mathbb{Q})$ in terms of the mixed Hodge structures of $H^*( S^\tau;\mathbb{Q})$ and of $H^*( S / \tau; \mathbb{Q})$. We also classify the connected components of $(S^{[n]})^\tau$ and determine their mixed Hodge structures. Our results apply more generally whenever $S$ is a smooth quasi-projective surface, and $\tau$ is an involution of $S$ for which $S^\tau$ is a curve., Comment: 15 pages. Made some minor changes to the discussion of K3 surfaces and added a corollary

Published
2023

36. Hypergraph Topological Features for Autoencoder-Based Intrusion Detection for Cybersecurity Data

Author

Kay, Bill, Aksoy, Sinan G., Baird, Molly, Best, Daniel M., Jenne, Helen, Joslyn, Cliff, Potvin, Christopher, Henselman-Petrusek, Gregory, Seppala, Garret, Young, Stephen J., and Purvine, Emilie

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, 55N31
Abstract

In this position paper, we argue that when hypergraphs are used to capture multi-way local relations of data, their resulting topological features describe global behaviour. Consequently, these features capture complex correlations that can then serve as high fidelity inputs to autoencoder-driven anomaly detection pipelines. We propose two such potential pipelines for cybersecurity data, one that uses an autoencoder directly to determine network intrusions, and one that de-noises input data for a persistent homology system, PHANTOM. We provide heuristic justification for the use of the methods described therein for an intrusion detection pipeline for cyber data. We conclude by showing a small example over synthetic cyber attack data.

Published
2023

40. Limited oxygen in standard cell culture alters metabolism and function of differentiated cells

Author

Tan, Joycelyn, Virtue, Sam, Norris, Dougall M, Conway, Olivia J, Yang, Ming, Bidault, Guillaume, Gribben, Christopher, Lugtu, Fatima, Kamzolas, Ioannis, Krycer, James R, Mills, Richard J, Liang, Lu, Pereira, Conceição, Dale, Martin, Shun-Shion, Amber S, Baird, Harry JM, Horscroft, James A, Sowton, Alice P, Ma, Marcella, Carobbio, Stefania, Petsalaki, Evangelia, Murray, Andrew J, Gershlick, David C, Nathan, James A, Hudson, James E, Vallier, Ludovic, Fisher-Wellman, Kelsey H, Frezza, Christian, Vidal-Puig, Antonio, and Fazakerley, Daniel J

Published
2024
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47. Bohr sets generated by polynomials and Coppersmith's method in many variables

Author

Baird, Riley, Kerr, Bryce, and Shparlinski, Igor

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, Computer Science - Computational Complexity, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

We obtain bounds on the average size of Bohr sets with coefficients parametrised by polynomials over finite fields and obtain a series of general results and also some sharper results for specific sets which are important for applications to computer science. In particular, we use our estimates to show that a heuristic assumption used in the many variable version of Coppersmith's method holds with high probability. We demonstrate the use of our results on the approximate greatest common divisor problem and obtain a fully rigorous version of the heuristic algorithm of H. Cohn and N. Heninger (2013).

Published
2023

48. Interval Signal Temporal Logic from Natural Inclusion Functions

Author

Baird, Luke, Harapanahalli, Akash, and Coogan, Samuel

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

We propose an interval extension of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) called Interval Signal Temporal Logic (\ISTL). Given an STL formula, we consider an interval inclusion function for each of its predicates. Then, we use minimal inclusion functions for the $\min$ and $\max$ functions to recursively build an interval robustness that is a natural inclusion function for the robustness of the original STL formula. The resulting interval semantics accommodate, for example, uncertain signals modeled as a signal of intervals and uncertain predicates modeled with appropriate inclusion functions. In many cases, verification or synthesis algorithms developed for STL apply to \ISTL with minimal theoretic and algorithmic changes, and existing code can be readily extended using interval arithmetic packages at negligible computational expense. To demonstrate \ISTL, we present an example of offline monitoring from an uncertain signal trace obtained from a hardware experiment and an example of robust online control synthesis enforcing an STL formula with uncertain predicates.

Published
2023

49. A Joint Fermi-GBM and Swift-BAT Analysis of Gravitational-Wave Candidates from the Third Gravitational-wave Observing Run

Author

Fletcher, C., Wood, J., Hamburg, R., Veres, P., Hui, C. M., Bissaldi, E., Briggs, M. S., Burns, E., Cleveland, W. H., Giles, M. M., Goldstein, A., Hristov, B. A., Kocevski, D., Lesage, S., Mailyan, B., Malacaria, C., Poolakkil, S., von Kienlin, A., Wilson-Hodge, C. A., Team, The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor, Crnogorčević, M., DeLaunay, J., Tohuvavohu, A., Caputo, R., Cenko, S. B., Laha, S., Parsotan, T., Abbott, R., Abe, H., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andríc, T., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Apostolatos, T., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Aritomi, N., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Asada, H., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bae, Y., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Bai, Y., Baird, J., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Becher, B. R., Becsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., BenYaala, M., Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bhandare, R., Bhandari, A. V., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Bini, S., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Biswas, B., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boër, M., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bonavena, L. D., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Caesar, M., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderòn, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Cameron, J., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canevarolo, S., Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Díaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Champion, E., Chan, C. H., Chan, C., Chan, C. L., Chan, K., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, I. P., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, C., Chen, D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K., Chen, X., Chen, Y. B., Chen, Y. R., Chen, Z., Cheng, H., Cheong, C. K., Cheung, H. Y., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C. Y., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Choudhary, R. K., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chu, Y. K., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. F., Cohen, D. E., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Constancio Jr., M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N. J., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coulon, J. P., Countryman, S. T., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Criswell, A. W., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cummings, R., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., lo, M. Cury, Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Dálya, G., Dana, A., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darsow-Fromm, C., Dasgupta, A., Datrier, L. E. H., Datta, Sayak, Datta, Sayantani, Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davis, D., Davis, M. C., Daw, E. J., Dean, R., DeBra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., De Lillo, N., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., DeMarchi, L. M., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhurandhar, S., D'iaz, M. C., Didio, N. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM) and Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT) searches for gamma-ray/X-ray counterparts to gravitational wave (GW) candidate events identified during the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Using Fermi-GBM on-board triggers and sub-threshold gamma-ray burst (GRB) candidates found in the Fermi-GBM ground analyses, the Targeted Search and the Untargeted Search, we investigate whether there are any coincident GRBs associated with the GWs. We also search the Swift-BAT rate data around the GW times to determine whether a GRB counterpart is present. No counterparts are found. Using both the Fermi-GBM Targeted Search and the Swift-BAT search, we calculate flux upper limits and present joint upper limits on the gamma-ray luminosity of each GW. Given these limits, we constrain theoretical models for the emission of gamma-rays from binary black hole mergers.

Published
2023

50. Tilt-to-length coupling in LISA Pathfinder: a data analysis

Author

Armano, M, Audley, H, Baird, J, Binetruy, P, Born, M, Bortoluzzi, D, Castelli, E, Cavalleri, A, Cesarini, A, Cruise, A M, Danzmann, K, Silva, M de Deus, Diepholz, I, Dixon, G, Dolesi, R, Ferraioli, L, Ferroni, V, Fitzsimons, E D, Freschi, M, Gesa, L, Giardini, D, Gibert, F, Giusteri, R, Grimani, C, Grzymisch, J, Harrison, I, Hartig, M-S, Heinzel, G, Hewitson, M, Hollington, D, Hoyland, D, Hueller, M, Inchauspé, H, Jennrich, O, Jetzer, P, Johann, U, Johlander, B, Karnesis, N, Kaune, B, Killow, C J, Korsakova, N, Lobo, J A, López-Zaragoza, J P, Maarschalkerweerd, R, Mance, D, Martín, V, Martin-Polo, L, Martin-Porqueras, F, Martino, J, McNamara, P W, Mendes, J, Mendes, L, Meshksar, N, Nofrarias, M, Paczkowski, S, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Petiteau, A, Plagnol, E, Ramos-Castro, J, Reiche, J, Rivas, F, Robertson, D I, Russano, G, Sanjuan, J, Slutsky, J, Sopuerta, C F, Sumner, T, Tevlin, L, Texier, D, Thorpe, J I, Vetrugno, D, Vitale, S, Wanner, G, Ward, H, Wass, P J, Weber, W J, Wissel, L, Wittchen, A, and Zweifel, P

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a study of the tilt-to-length coupling noise during the LISA Pathfinder mission and how it depended on the system's alignment. Tilt-to-length coupling noise is the unwanted coupling of angular and lateral spacecraft or test mass motion into the primary interferometric displacement readout. It was one of the major noise sources in the LISA Pathfinder mission and is likewise expected to be a primary noise source in LISA. We demonstrate here that a recently derived and published analytical model describes the dependency of the LISA Pathfinder tilt-to-length coupling noise on the alignment of the two freely falling test masses. This was verified with the data taken before and after the realignments performed in March (engineering days) and June 2016, and during a two-day experiment in February 2017 (long cross-talk experiment). The latter was performed with the explicit goal of testing the tilt-to-length coupling noise dependency on the test mass alignment. Using the analytical model, we show that all realignments performed during the mission were only partially successful and explain the reasons why. In addition to the analytical model, we computed another physical tilt-to-length coupling model via a minimising routine making use of the long cross-talk experiment data. A similar approach could prove useful for the LISA mission.

Published
2023
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