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3. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Phthalate Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Pooled Study of Sixteen U.S. Cohorts

Author

Welch, Barrett M, Keil, Alexander P, Buckley, Jessie P, Engel, Stephanie M, James-Todd, Tamarra, Zota, Ami R, Alshawabkeh, Akram N, Barrett, Emily S, Bloom, Michael S, Bush, Nicole R, Cordero, José F, Dabelea, Dana, Eskenazi, Brenda, Lanphear, Bruce P, Padmanabhan, Vasantha, Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Swan, Shanna H, Aalborg, Jenny, Baird, Donna D, Binder, Alexandra M, Bradman, Asa, Braun, Joseph M, Calafat, Antonia M, Cantonwine, David E, Christenbury, Kate E, Factor-Litvak, Pam, Harley, Kim G, Hauser, Russ, Herbstman, Julie B, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Holland, Nina, Jukic, Anne Marie Z, McElrath, Thomas F, Meeker, John D, Messerlian, Carmen, Michels, Karin B, Newman, Roger B, Nguyen, Ruby HN, O’Brien, Katie M, Rauh, Virginia A, Redmon, Bruce, Rich, David Q, Rosen, Emma M, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Sparks, Amy E, Starling, Anne P, Wang, Christina, Watkins, Deborah J, Weinberg, Clarice R, Weinberger, Barry, Wenzel, Abby G, Wilcox, Allen J, Yolton, Kimberly, Zhang, Yu, and Ferguson, Kelly K

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Pediatric, Prevention, Infant Mortality, Clinical Research, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Biomarkers, Ethnicity, Premature Birth, Maternal Exposure, Phthalic Acids, Racial Groups, Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Toxicology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Environmental sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundPhthalate exposures are ubiquitous during pregnancy and may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in preterm birth.ObjectivesWe investigated race and ethnicity in the relationship between biomarkers of phthalate exposure and preterm birth by examining: a) how hypothetical reductions in racial and ethnic disparities in phthalate metabolites might reduce the probability of preterm birth; and b) exposure-response models stratified by race and ethnicity.MethodsWe pooled individual-level data on 6,045 pregnancies from 16 U.S. cohorts. We investigated covariate-adjusted differences in nine urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations by race and ethnicity [non-Hispanic White (White, 43%), non-Hispanic Black (Black, 13%), Hispanic/Latina (38%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (3%)]. Using g-computation, we estimated changes in the probability of preterm birth under hypothetical interventions to eliminate disparities in levels of urinary phthalate metabolites by proportionally lowering average concentrations in Black and Hispanic/Latina participants to be approximately equal to the averages in White participants. We also used race and ethnicity-stratified logistic regression to characterize associations between phthalate metabolites and preterm birth.ResultsIn comparison with concentrations among White participants, adjusted mean phthalate metabolite concentrations were consistently higher among Black and Hispanic/Latina participants by 23%-148% and 4%-94%, respectively. Asian/Pacific Islander participants had metabolite levels that were similar to those of White participants. Hypothetical interventions to reduce disparities in metabolite mixtures were associated with lower probabilities of preterm birth for Black [13% relative reduction; 95% confidence interval (CI): -34%, 8.6%] and Hispanic/Latina (9% relative reduction; 95% CI: -19%, 0.8%) participants. Odds ratios for preterm birth in association with phthalate metabolites demonstrated heterogeneity by race and ethnicity for two individual metabolites (mono-n-butyl and monoisobutyl phthalate), with positive associations that were larger in magnitude observed among Black or Hispanic/Latina participants.ConclusionsPhthalate metabolite concentrations differed substantially by race and ethnicity. Our results show hypothetical interventions to reduce population-level racial and ethnic disparities in biomarkers of phthalate exposure could potentially reduce the probability of preterm birth. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12831.

Published
2023

16. Menarche and Time to Cycle Regularity Among Individuals Born Between 1950 and 2005 in the US

Author

Wang, Zifan, primary, Asokan, Gowtham, additional, Onnela, Jukka-Pekka, additional, Baird, Donna D., additional, Jukic, Anne Marie Z., additional, Wilcox, Allen J., additional, Curry, Christine L., additional, Fischer-Colbrie, Tyler, additional, Williams, Michelle A., additional, Hauser, Russ, additional, Coull, Brent A., additional, and Mahalingaiah, Shruthi, additional

Published
2024
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17. A Prospective Cohort Study of Persistent Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Perceived Stress

Author

Schildroth, Samantha, primary, Wesselink, Amelia K, additional, Bethea, Traci N, additional, Henn, Birgit Claus, additional, Friedman, Alexa, additional, Fruh, Victoria, additional, Coleman, Chad M, additional, Lovett, Sharonda M, additional, Vines, Anissa I, additional, Sjodin, Andreas, additional, Botelho, Julianne Cook, additional, Calafat, Antonia M, additional, Wegienka, Ganesa, additional, Weuve, Jennifer, additional, Baird, Donna D, additional, and Wise, Lauren A, additional

Published
2024
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22. Route of myomectomy and fertility: a prospective cohort study

Author

Wise, Lauren A., Thomas, Laine, Anderson, Sophia, Baird, Donna D., Anchan, Raymond M., Terry, Kathryn L., Marsh, Erica E., Wegienka, Ganesa, Nicholson, Wanda Kay, Wallace, Kedra, Bigelow, Robert, Spies, James, Maxwell, George L., Jacoby, Vanessa, Myers, Evan R., and Stewart, Elizabeth A.

Published
2022
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31. Soy-Based Infant Formula Feeding and Uterine Fibroid Development in a Prospective Ultrasound Study of Black/African-American Women

Author

Langton, Christine R., Harmon, Quaker E., Upson, Kristen, and Baird, Donna D.

Subjects
Women, Black -- Health aspects -- Food and nutrition, Infant formulas -- Chemical properties -- Health aspects, Human growth -- Health aspects, Soybean products -- Health aspects, Uterine fibroids -- Risk factors, Isoflavones -- Health aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

Background: Uterine fibroids are highly prevalent, benign tumors. They are the leading indication for hysterectomy, and Black women are disproportionally burdened. Soy-based infant formula contains phytoestrogens, and exposure during sensitive developmental windows may adversely affect the developing uterus; early phytoestrogen treatment in rodent studies led to detrimental uterine effects, including increased fibroid risk in Eker rats. Limited epidemiological studies also have suggested increased fibroid development with soy formula infant feeding. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine the association between soy formula feeding in infancy and fibroid development in adulthood. Methods: We evaluated this association among 1,610 Black/African-American women age 23-35 y in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle & Fibroids (SELF). Soy formula feeding data was gathered directly from the participants' mothers (89%). A standardized ultrasound examination was conducted during 4 clinic visits over 5 y to detect fibroids [greater than or equal to]0.5 cm in diameter. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between soy formula feeding and incident fibroids adjusted for early-life and adult factors. Fibroid growth was calculated as change in log-volume for fibroids matched at successive visits. Results: Of 1,121 fibroid-free participants at baseline, 150 (13%) were ever fed soy formula as infants, and 269 (24%) developed incident fibroids. We did not observe an association between ever being fed soy formula and incident fibroid risk (HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.54). However, participants fed soy formula within 2 months of birth and for >6 months (n = 53) had an elevated risk of fibroid incidence in comparison with those never fed soy formula (HR= 1.56; 95% CI: 0.92, 2.65). Fibroid growth rates did not differ. Discussion: Adding support to limited human data, this prospective fibroid study found that soy-based formula feeding during infancy was associated with a suggestive increase in risk of ultrasound-identified incident fibroids in adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11089, Introduction Uterine fibroids are noncancerous tumors of the myometrium that develop in over 70% of women of reproductive age. (1) Symptomatic fibroids may cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and [...]

Published
2023
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