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1. New catalyst system to produce renewable diesel and SAF

Author

Watkins, B. and Baillie, C.

Subjects
Fatty acids, Business, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

Hydroprocessing investments in sustainable fuels are gaining momentum, with a pipeline of up to $50 B expected by 2025 involving more than 250 projects, the majority of which focus on [...]

Published
2024

3. Understanding the evolution of cymothoid isopod parasites using comparative genomics and geometric morphometrics

Author

Baillie, C.

Subjects
591.77
Abstract

One of the single most extraordinary examples of host-parasite co-evolution is shown by the isopod family Cymothoidae, of which all species are obligate parasites of fishes, including many commercially important fish species. Cymothoids are one of the most diverse isopod groups, with 400 species across 43 genera, and they exhibit striking parasitic strategies. Some species, for example, are known to supplant their host’s tongue. In addition to mouth attachment, cymothoids also attach externally to the skin, within the gills, or burrow within the body cavities of their host. The majority of species use only one of these attachment strategies, and attachment location is also largely conserved within cymothoid genera. Yet, there is variation in microhabitat use between species with the same parasitic mode, because distinct locations or orientations are used. As well as specificity in parasitic strategies, cymothoids are highly host specific, with most species restricted to a few host species. Due to their bizarre life-histories and their large size relative to their hosts, cymothoids have been studied since the early 19th century. However, the majority of this work is related to traditional taxonomy and, hampered by high intraspecific variation and lack of an evolutionary framework for the group, species boundaries and relationships between taxa remain unclear. Preliminary molecular evidence suggests that the evolution of attachment in cymothoids has a complex history, but to better understand cymothoid-host co-evolution a more densely sampled phylogeny is required. Here we examine several aspects of cymothoid evolution using museum specimens. First, we use a geometric morphometric approach to quantify morphological variation vAbstract in attachment appendages, and relate this to the different parasitic strategies and phy- logeny. In the process of producing mitogenome reference sequences for cymothoids, we investigate the placement of Cymothoidae within Isopoda, test the monophyly of several isopod subclades, and investigate the origin of isopod terrestrialisation. Finally, using our reference mitogenome sequences, we recover further mitogenome sequences from museum specimens using a low-coverage shotgun sequencing approach, and use these data to reconstruct cymothoid phylogeny. We show that, after accounting for shared ancestry, attachment morphology is strongly influenced by parasitic strategy. Whole mitogenome sequences are not suitable for resolving isopod inter-familial relationships. We find some evidence that cymothoids, and possibly all isopods, have an atypical mitogenome structure (previously characterised), structural variation in which causes compositional biases and long-branch artefacts. Sophisticated modelling and data treatment can alleviate some of these effects but we caution the validity of inferred relationships based on mitogenome data. We successfully obtain sequence data from liquid-preserved museum specimens; find that the evolution of attachment in cymothoids is complex, and that freshwater species from South America likely colonised rivers in a single event.

Published
2020

6. Outcomes following small bowel obstruction due to malignancy in the national audit of small bowel obstruction

Author

Drake, Thomas M., Lee, Matthew J., Sayers, Adele E., Abercrombie, John, Acheson, Austin, Alderson, Derek, Anderson, Iain, Bradburn, Mike, Davies, Michael, Hamady, Zaed, Hind, Daniel, Hollyman, Marianne, Hare, Sarah, Lee, Ellen, Northover, John, Lewis, Christopher, Marriott, Paul J., Maynard, Nick, McFall, Malcolm, Muragananthan, Aravinth, Murray, David, Singh, Pritam, Tierney, Gillian, Verjee, Azmina, Walsh, Ciaran, Wild, Jonathan RL., Wilson, Timothy, Abbott, S., Abdulaal, Y., Afshar, S., Akhtar, M., Anderson, D., Appleton, S., Bandyopadhyay, D., Bashir, G., Behar, N., Bhandari, S., Branagan, G., Boulton, R., Borg, C., Bouras, G., Boyle, J., Brewer, H., Brown, L., Briggs, C., Cartmell, M., Chan, S., Chandratreya, N., Conaghan, P., Cornish, J., Cotton, D., Coyne, P., Crozier, J., Cook, T., Cunha, P., Curtis, N., Day, A., Dayal, S., Dennis, R., Dent, P., Dowson, H., Fallaize, R., Farag, S., El Farran, M., Faulkner, G., Giordano, P., Grey, T., Halahakoon, V., Hannay, J., Harikrishnan, A., Holtham, S., Hawkin, P., Hall, C., Hancock, L., Hartley, J., Howse, F., Kallam, R., Kakaniaris, G., Kelly, S., Lockwood, S., Leinhardt, D., Levy, B., Lal, R., Lazim, T., Lund, J., Lunevicius, R., Mathur, P., Maude, K., McArthur, D., McIlroy, B., Miles, A., Moug, S., Mondragon-Pritchard, M., Messenger, D., Mullan, M., Myers, A., Muhammad, K., Mason, C., Sarveswaran, J., Shatkar, V., Singh, B., Skelly, B., Subramonia, S., Swinscoe, M., Thava, B., Thorn, C., Panagiotopoulos, S., Patel, P., Phillips, J., Peristerakis, I., Qureshi, A., Saunders, M., Shah, P., Sheel, A., Siddiqui, S., Skaife, P., Smart, N., Smith, I., Stevenson, L., Stylianides, N., Steinke, J., Stubbs, B., Thompson, R., Varcada, M., Vimalachandran, D., Virlos, I., Watfah, J., Watson, N., Walker, M., Ventham, N., West, H., Wilson, J., Wijeyekoon, S., Ah-Chuen, J., Ahmed, T., Akram, F., Aldred, E., Ali, A., Aly, M., Amajuoyi, A., Amin, V., Andreou, A., Ansari, A., Ardley, R., Arshad, F., Ashour, O., Asour, A., Ayoub, F., Azeem, H., Azhar, B., Baillie, C., Barker, J., Barkham, B., Baron, R., Barrie, J., Barry-Yarrow, E., Battersby, N., Bazoua, G., Berger, C., Bhasin, S., Biggs, S., Bisset, C., Blencowe, N., Boddy, A., Boereboom, C., Bogdan, M., Bogle, R., Bohra, P., Bolkan, H., Boyer, M., Broadhurst, J., Brown, E., Brown, J., Burns, K., Butcher, K., Capper, C., Cash, T., Chapman, J., Chapman, S., Charalabopoulos, A., Cheek, C., Chok, S., Choong, W., Chowdhury, J., Coe, P., Conn, G., Cook, N., Cooper, S., Cox, C., Crook, R., Cuffolo, G., da Silva, L., Das, B., Davenport, M., Davies, J., Davies, T., Dean, S., Demetriou, G., Dengu, F., Dent, H., Di Benedetto, G., Dindyal, S., Donnelly, E., Douka, E., Downham, C., Edent, H., Edgerton, K., El-Sharif, M., Elamin, O., Elsaid, N., Evans, J., Evans, M., Ewe, R., Ewing, A., Ferguson, H., Fisher, O., Fletcher, J., Forouzanfar, A., Foster, A., Fox, R., Francis, N., Fretwell, V., Fung, D., Gammeri, E., Garnham, J., Geraghty, A., Gilbert, A., Gill, M., Gillespie, M., Glasbey, J., Golder, A., Green, N., Groundwater, E., Grove, T., Habib, H., Haddow, J., Halkias, C., Hampson, A., Hanna, T., Harries, R., Harvey, K., Hawkins, J., Healy, R., Heartshorne, R., Heller, S., Hendra, L., Herrod, P., Heywood, N., Hicks, G., Ng, P., Hope, C., Hopley, P., Hossain, T., Hossaini, S., Hubbard, T., Humphreys, A., Ikram, H., Ioannis, M., Iqbal, M., Jatania, J., Jenkinson, P., Jokhan, S., Jones, A., Jones, C., Jones, L., Joshi, H., Joshi, K., Joy, M., Jull, P., Kane, E., Kanitkar, R., Kauser, S., Kazmi, F., Kedrzycki, M., Kendall, J., Khan, T., King, G., Kisiel, A., Kitsis, C., Kolawole, I., Kosasih, S., Kosti, A., Kotb, A., Lau, A., Lafaurie, G., Lazzaro, A., Lefroy, R., Lennon, H., Leong, K., Lim, E., Lim, J., Lindley, S., Liu, D., Lloyd, P., Locker, D., Lowe, C., Lunt, A., Lutfi, S., Luther, A., Luwemba, S., Mahankali-Rao, P., Mai, D., Majid, S., Malik, A., Manu, N., Mapara, R., Martin, C., Martin, J., Massey, L., Mathias, J., McCain, S., McCluney, S., McNair, A., Mekhail, P., Merchant, J., Merker, L., Mir, S., Mistry, P., Miu, V., Moat, M., Mohamed, E., Mohamed, I., Moore, N., Moretti, L., Morris, H., Morrison, T., Moss, J., Mountford, D., Moynihan, R., Muldoon-Smith, D., Mulholland, J., Murgitroyd, E., Murugaiyan, K., Mykoniatis, I., Nana, G., Nash, T., Nassar, A., Newton, R., Nguyen, K., Nicholas, F., Noor, M., Nowers, J., Nugent, C., Nunn, A., O'Callaghan, J., O'Hara, R., O'Neill, A., Olivier, J., Osei-Bordom, D., Osgood, L., Panchasara, B., Parks, R., Patel, H., Pawelec, K., Payne, C., Pearson, K., Perin, G., Petronio, B., Phelan, L., Pisaneschi, C., Pitt, J., Ponchietti, L., Powell, A., Powell-Chandler, A., Pranesh, N., Proctor, V., Qureshi, N., Rahman, M., Rai, Z., Ramcharan, S., Rangarajan, K., Rashid, M., Reader, H., Rehman, A., Rehan, S., Rengifo, C., Richardson, N., Robinson, A., Robinson, D., Rossi, B., Rutherford, F., Sadien, I., Saghir, T., Sahnan, K., Salahia, G., Scott, B., Scott, K., Seager, A., Seal, S., Sezen, E., Shaban, F., Shahmohammadi, M., Shamsiddinova, A., Shankar, S., Sharpe, A., Shields, T., Shinkwin, M., Shurmer, J., Siddika, A., Simson, R., Singh, S., Sivaraj, J., Skinner, A., Smart, C., Smith, F., Smith, R., Sreedhar, A., Stewart-Parker, E., Stott, M., Symons, N., Taj, T., Tam, J., Tan, K., Tani, S., Tao, D., Thippeswamy, K., Thomas, C., Thompson, E., Thompson-Reil, C., Tongo, F., Toth, G., Turnbull, A., Turnbull, J., Wade, T., Wafi, A., Waite, K., Walker, N., Walker, T., Walsh, U., Wardle, S., Warner, R., Watt, J., Watts, J., Wayman, J., Weegenaar, C., West, M., Whyler, M., Whitehurst, L., Wiggans, M., Williams, G., Williams, R., Williamson, A., Williamson, J., Winter, A., Wolpert, L., Wong, J., van Boxel, G., Yeap, E., Zaman, S., Zappa, B., Zosimas, D., Anderson, O., Athem, A., Athersmith, M., Badenoch, T., Barker, S., Bellam, S., Boam, T., Boland, M., Blake, L., Brown, O., Butler, M., Byrne, B., Campbell, L., Chow, M., Da Costa, K., Cutting, J., Deputy, M., Devoto, L., Doody, P., Ekpete, N., Eljaafari, M., Exarchou, K., Faoury, M., Farinella, E., Gill, C., Goh, M., Gregoir, T., Growcott, S., Gunasekaran, S., Harris, G., Heard, R., Hobson, B., Iqbal, N., Jain, R., Kang, P., Khan, M., Korambayil, S., Kouris, S., Kshatriya, K., Kumar, S., Lee, K., Mahroof, S., Malik, K., Mann, K., Mansour, S., Martin, R., McKay, S., McKinley, N., McWhirter, D., Mellor, K., Mishra, A., Mockford, K., Morrison-Jones, V., Ng, C., Nunn, R., O'Neill, S., Oke, O., Obeid, N., Patel, R., Patel, S., Plunkett-Reed, K., Pouzi, M., Pywell, S., Richards, E., Sinclair, P., Slim, N., Spence, G., Swinkin, M., Tahir, W., Takacs, K., Tanner, N., Taylor, M., Valero, C., Venn, M., Venza, M., Yeong, T., and Fearnhead, Nicola S.

Published
2019
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7. Softening Transitions with Quenched 2D Gravity

Author

Baillie, C. F., Janke, W., and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the 10-state Potts model on quenched two-dimensional $\Phi^3$ gravity graphs to study the effect of quenched connectivity disorder on the phase transition, which is strongly first order on regular lattices. The numerical data provides strong evidence that, due to the quenched randomness, the discontinuous first-order phase transition of the pure model is softened to a continuous transition., Comment: 3 pages, LaTeX + 1 postscript figure. Talk presented at LATTICE96(other models). See also http://www.cond-mat.physik.uni-mainz.de/~janke/doc/home_janke.html

Published
1996
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8. Softening of First-Order Phase Transition on Quenched Random Gravity Graphs

Author

Baillie, C. F., Janke, W., and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the 10-state Potts model on quenched two-dimensional $\Phi^3$ gravity graphs to study the effect of quenched coordination number randomness on the nature of the phase transition, which is strongly first order on regular lattices. The numerical data provides strong evidence that, due to the quenched randomness, the discontinuous first-order phase transition of the pure model is softened to a continuous transition, representing presumably a new universality class. This result is in striking contrast to a recent Monte Carlo study of the 8-state Potts model on two-dimensional Poissonian random lattices of Voronoi/Delaunay type, where the phase transition clearly stayed of first order, but is in qualitative agreement with results for quenched bond randomness on regular lattices. A precedent for such softening with connectivity disorder is known: in the 10-state Potts model on annealed Phi3 gravity graphs a continuous transition is also observed., Comment: Latex + 5 postscript figures, 10 pages of text, figures appended

Published
1996
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9. Dynamic Behavior of Spin Glass Systems on Quenched Phi-3 Graphs

Author

Baillie, C., Johnston, D. A., Marinari, E., and Naitza, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter
Abstract

We study the dynamical out-of-equilibrium behavior of a $J = \pm 1$ Ising spin glass on quenched $\phi^{3}$ graphs. We show that magnetization and energy decay with a power law behavior, with exponents that are linear in $\frac{T}{T_{c}}$. Quenched $\phi^{3}$ graphs turn out to be a very effective way to study numerically mean field spin glasses., Comment: uufiled latex source + seven eps figures, 16 pages including 7 figures

Published
1996
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10. Thin Absolute Villains

Author

Baillie, C. F., Dorey, N., Janke, W., and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Condensed Matter, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We perform simulations of an absolute value version of the Villain model on phi3 and phi4 Feynman diagrams, ``thin'' 3-regular and 4-regular random graphs. The phi4 results are in excellent quantitative agreement with the exact calculations by Dorey and Kurzepa for an annealed ensemble of thin graphs, in spite of simulating only a single graph of each size. We also derive exact results for an annealed ensemble of phi3 graphs and again find excellent agreement with the numerical data for single phi3 graphs. The simulations confirm the picture of a mean field vortex transition which is suggested by the analytical results. Further simulations on phi5 and phi6 graphs and of the standard XY model on phi3 graphs confirm the universality of these results. The calculations of Dorey and Kurzepa were based on reinterpreting the large orders behaviour of the anharmonic oscillator in a statistical mechanical context so we also discuss briefly the interpretation of singularities in the large orders behaviour in other models as phase transitions., Comment: uuencoded latex file (8 pages) with 6 postscript figures

Published
1995
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11. Spin Models on Thin Graphs

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We discuss the utility of analytical and numerical investigation of spin models, in particular spin glasses, on ordinary ``thin'' random graphs (in effect Feynman diagrams) using methods borrowed from the ``fat'' graphs of two dimensional gravity. We highlight the similarity with Bethe lattice calculations and the advantages of the thin graph approach both analytically and numerically for investigating mean field results., Comment: Contribution to Parallel Session at Lattice95, 4 pages. Dodgy compressed ps file replaced with uuencoded LaTex original + ps figures

Published
1995
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12. Square Gravity

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

We simulate the Ising model on dynamical quadrangulations using a generalization of the flip move for triangulations with two aims: firstly, as a confirmation of the universality of the KPZ/DDK exponents of the Ising phase transition, worthwhile in view of some recent surprises with other sorts of dynamical lattices; secondly, to investigate the transition of the Ising antiferromagnet on a dynamical loosely packed (bipartite) lattice. In the latter case we show that it is still possible to define a staggered magnetization and observe the antiferromagnetic analogue of the transition., Comment: LaTeX file and 7 postscript figures bundled together with uufiles

Published
1995
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13. Spin Glasses on Thin Graphs

Author

Baillie, C. F., Janke, W., Johnston, D. A., and Plechac, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Condensed Matter, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

In a recent paper we found strong evidence from simulations that the Isingantiferromagnet on ``thin'' random graphs - Feynman diagrams - displayed amean-field spin glass transition. The intrinsic interest of considering such random graphs is that they give mean field results without long range interactions or the drawbacks, arising from boundary problems, of the Bethe lattice. In this paper we reprise the saddle point calculations for the Ising and Potts ferromagnet, antiferromagnet and spin glass on Feynman diagrams. We use standard results from bifurcation theory that enable us to treat an arbitrary number of replicas and any quenched bond distribution. We note the agreement between the ferromagnetic and spin glass transition temperatures thus calculated and those derived by analogy with the Bethe lattice, or in previous replica calculations. We then investigate numerically spin glasses with a plus or minus J bond distribution for the Ising and Q=3,4,10,50 state Potts models, paying particular attention to the independence of the spin glass transition from the fraction of positive and negative bonds in the Ising case and the qualitative form of the overlap distribution in all the models. The parallels with infinite range spin glass models in both the analytical calculations and simulations are pointed out., Comment: 13 pages of LaTex and 11 postscript figures bundled together with uufiles. Discussion of first order transitions for three or more replicas included and similarity to Ising replica magnet pointed out. Some additional references

Published
1995
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14. Ising Spins on Thin Graphs

Author

Baillie, C. F., Johnston, D. A., and Kownacki, J-P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice, Condensed Matter, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The Ising model on ``thin'' graphs (standard Feynman diagrams) displays several interesting properties. For ferromagnetic couplings there is a mean field phase transition at the corresponding Bethe lattice transition point. For antiferromagnetic couplings the replica trick gives some evidence for a spin glass phase. In this paper we investigate both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic models with the aid of simulations. We confirm the Bethe lattice values of the critical points for the ferromagnetic model on $\phi^3$ and $\phi^4$ graphs and examine the putative spin glass phase in the antiferromagnetic model by looking at the overlap between replicas in a quenched ensemble of graphs. We also compare the Ising results with those for higher state Potts models and Ising models on ``fat'' graphs, such as those used in 2D gravity simulations., Comment: LaTeX 13 pages + 9 postscript figures, COLO-HEP-340, LPTHE-Orsay-94-62

Published
1994
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15. Quenching 2D Quantum Gravity

Author

Baillie, C. F., Hawick, K. A., and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We simulate the Ising model on a set of fixed random $\phi^3$ graphs, which corresponds to a {\it quenched} coupling to 2D gravity rather than the annealed coupling that is usually considered. We investigate the critical exponents in such a quenched ensemble and compare them with measurements on dynamical $\phi^3$ graphs, flat lattices and a single fixed $\phi^3$ graph., Comment: 8 pages

Published
1994
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16. Damaging 2D Quantum Gravity

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We investigate numerically the behaviour of damage spreading in a Kauffman cellular automaton with quenched rules on a dynamical $\phi^3$ graph, which is equivalent to coupling the model to discretized 2D gravity. The model is interesting from the cellular automaton point of view as it lies midway between a fully quenched automaton with fixed rules and fixed connectivity and a (soluble) fully annealed automaton with varying rules and varying connectivity. In addition, we simulate the automaton on a fixed $\phi^3$ graph coming from a 2D gravity simulation as a means of exploring the graph geometry., Comment: 6 pages, COLO-HEP-332;LPTHE-Orsay-93-50

Published
1993
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17. Global overview of the management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (CHOLECOVID study)

Author

Spiers, H, Kouli, O, Ahmed, W, Varley, R, Ahari, D, Argus, L, Mclean, K, Kamarajah, S, Coe, P, Griffiths, E, Chan, A, Macutkiewicz, C, Jamdar, S, Wilson, M, Fullwood, C, Toogood, G, Gilchrist, A, Goldsworthy, M, Rashid, M, Pockney, P, Varela, J, Brindl, N, Ramirez, J, Marafante, C, Iwao, Y, Ghzawi, A, Elhadi, M, Gacaferi, H, Varghese, C, Adeyeye, A, Alser, O, Teh, C, Prieto, M, Hasan, A, Al-Naggar, H, Salgado, R, Veracierto, F, Lancelotti, T, Solinas, D, Oddi, R, Garcia, F, Mazza Diez, E, Andrade Ramirez, M, Bracco, R, Fernandez, D, Maraschio, M, Obeide, L, Giordano, E, Alcaraz, A, Marani, M, Aguirre, N, Luna, F, Francesconi, M, Chiham, F, Ramos Cossio, R, Alvarez, F, Pantoja Pachajoa, D, Mandojana, F, Merlo, I, Gonzalez, M, Cervelo, G, Puma, R, Vardaro, G, Davis, A, Jurat, D, Guenoff, C, Raubenheimer, K, Goddard, K, Brown, K, Wegrecki, K, Cheung, H, Yang, M, Siddiqui, J, Ahn, J, Huynh, R, Lam, Y, Afzal, M, Ong, B, Chua, M, Ly, K, Thomson, J, Watson, D, Dawson, A, Drane, A, Van Ruyven, S, Lun, E, Ferguson, M, Jeong, J, De Silva, C, Wills, V, Gundara, J, Mccourt, E, Bong, C, Tabone, R, Wong, W, Gray, A, Koh, D, Pollock, M, Singhal, S, Smith, R, Dudi-Venkata, N, Kanhere, H, Stranz, C, Seow, W, Mansour, L, Wormald, J, Loveday, B, Thomson, B, O'Donnell, T, Milenkovski, N, Herath, M, Trochsler, M, Farfus, A, Maddern, G, Bunjo, Z, Kuan, L, Atanasov, G, Samadov, E, Namazov, I, Asgarov, M, Ibrahimli, A, Srinivasan, M, Saeed, M, Aljawder, H, Juma, I, Coimbra, F, Marques, N, Casteleins, W, Petruzziello, A, Jabur, G, Rodriguez, J, Buso, P, Mackenzie, S, Hsiao, M, Sljivic, I, Tecson, A, Karanicolas, P, Roke, R, Moon, J, Butler, E, Riquelme, F, Yanez, M, Catan, F, Uribe, M, Carriel, F, Oppliger, F, Paredes, A, Daroch, D, Aguayo, J, Perez Rivera, C, Acosta Buitrago, L, Kadamani Abiyomaa, A, Mosquera Paz, M, Cabrera, P, Corso, J, Ozcay, N, Ozant, A, Arslan, K, Besim, H, Almezghwi, H, Azzam, A, Bessa, S, El-Sayes, I, Badawy, A, Wael, M, El-Gendi, A, Azab, M, Fayed, M, El Kassas, M, Gamal, M, Tawheed, A, Al Shafie, A, Emile, S, Elfallal, A, Elfeki, H, Shalaby, M, Sakr, A, Elbahnasawy, M, Shama, M, Abdel-Elsalam, W, Abd-Elsalam, S, Escobar Dominguez, J, Medrano, F, Gaitan, S, Escalon Gonzalez, O, Alfaro Varela, J, Cea, M, Interiano, M, Cabrera, B, Lakkis, Z, Georges, P, Antonot, C, Magnin, J, Kamphues, C, Lauscher, J, Schineis, C, Loch, F, Lee, L, Beyer, K, Bouchagier, K, Galanis, I, Bartziotas, D, Lostoridis, E, Tourountzi, P, Nagorni, E, Charalabopoulos, A, Baili, E, Kyros, E, Vagios, I, Skotsimara, A, Liakakos, T, Alexandrou, A, Papalampros, A, Papadopolous, V, Tooulias, A, Kentarchos, I, Christou, C, Tsoulfas, G, Tale-Rosales, L, Lopez Muralles, I, Melendez, H, Bran, G, Monroy Mahecha, F, Contreras, J, Porras, D, Paiz, E, Soto, E, Ixcayau Hernandez, J, Gupta, A, Rajput, D, Kumar, N, Mani, R, Kant, R, Sonkar, A, Anand, A, Agrawal, M, Gaurav, K, Tripathi, M, Sikora, S, Bharathy, K, Kumar Rangapa, M, Khuller, D, Bhojwwani, R, Ayyar, S, Jain, N, Mehraj, A, Hussain, F, Nazir, I, Shah, M, Chowdri, N, Hilmi, A, Argenio, G, Atelli, P, Palladino, E, Armellino, M, Tamini, N, Nespoli, L, Degrate, L, Angrisani, M, Carissimi, F, Bordoni, P, Fleres, F, Clarizia, G, Spolini, A, Franzini, M, Cucinotta, E, Badessi, G, Mazzeo, C, Viscosi, F, Pintabona, G, Campagnaro, T, Poletto, E, Turri, G, Ruzzenente, A, Conci, S, Guglielmi, A, Feo, C, Fabbri, N, Fazzin, M, Giaccari, S, Massani, M, Pelizzo, P, Colella, M, Tutino, R, Cappellacci, F, Medas, F, Canu, G, Erdas, E, Calo, P, Porcu, A, Perra, T, Scanu, A, Fancellu, A, Germani, P, Giunta, C, Biloslavo, A, Abdallah, H, Aizza, G, Barberis, A, Belli, F, Santoliquido, M, Filauro, M, Canonico, G, Nelli, T, Di Martino, C, Capezzuoli, L, Anastasi, A, Bressan, L, Cortinovis, S, Nagliati, C, Colombo, F, Ferrario, L, Bondurri, A, Guerci, C, Maffioli, A, Catena, F, Perrone, G, Giuffrida, M, Morini, A, Annicchiarico, A, Gallo, G, Carpino, A, Ferrari, F, De Paola, G, Sammarco, G, Callari, C, Licari, L, Sorce, V, Di Miceli, D, 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F., Fancellu A., Germani P., Giunta C., Biloslavo A., Abdallah H., Aizza G., Barberis A., Belli F., Santoliquido M., Filauro M., Canonico G., Nelli T., Di Martino C., Capezzuoli L., Anastasi A., Bressan L., Cortinovis S., Nagliati C., Colombo F., Ferrario L., Bondurri A., Guerci C., Maffioli A., Catena F., Perrone G., Giuffrida M., Morini A., Annicchiarico A., Gallo G., Carpino A., Ferrari F., De Paola G., Sammarco G., Callari C., Licari L., Sorce V., Di Miceli D., Lovisetto F., Zonta S., Chessa A., Fiorini A., De Manzoni Garberini A., Angelini E., Moggia E., Murgese A., Mungo S., Birolo S. L., Garino M., Pipitone Federico N. S., Muratore A., Lunghi E. G., Calabro M., Cianci P., Enrico R., Capuzzolo S., Cafagna L., Minafra M., Sasia D., Gattolin A., Migliore M., Rimonda R., Travaglio E., De Marco G., Elter C., Bargellini T., D'Amico S., Zambonin D., Caponi A., Calini G., Puggioni A., Bresadola V., Zalla T., Cantafio S., Feroci F., Romoli L., Giudicissi R., Picciariello A., Papagni V., Dibra R., Altomare D. F., Pinotti E., Montuori M., Baronio G., Tonini V., Sartarelli L., Gori A., Cervellera M., Lapolla P., Sapienza P., Brachini G., Cirillo B., Zambon M., Mingoli A., Pascariello A., Boccia L., Benedetti S., Mantovani G., De Angelis M., Ferrara F., Testa V., Borghi F., Maione F., Pruiti Ciarello V., Giraudo G., Agresta F., Cestaro G., Prando D., Cavallo F., Zese M., Cillara N., Sechi R., Cardia R., Cannavera A., Putzu G., Frongia F., Pisanu A., Delogu D., Esposito G., Podda M., Iossa A., De Angelis F., Boru C., Silecchia G., Palini G. M., Garulli G., Veneroni S., Tammaro P., Maida P., Leake P. A., Wanliss M. G., Sato K., Chiyonobu N., Imamura H., Yamazaki S., Watanabe M., Qasem A., Ayasra F., Al Dahabrh S., Khaled A., Alsaafin S., Al-Thunaibat A., Olaywah D., Alqudah S., Alqawasmi S., Khamees A., Guboug A., Es Salim M., Althwabteh T., Bani Khaled H., El-Hammuri N., Aljesrawi A., Alamaadany F., Eljareh M., Al Gasi A. E. J., Alsaeiti S., Alkhafeefi A. S., Suliaman T., Alanasri A. H. A., Haroun A. B. A., Haron A., Kilani A. I., Ahmed M., Alawami M., Alawami A., Albashri M., Abusannuga M., Malek A., Jwaili N., Aldenfria A., Elzwawi F., Almugaddami A., Egdeer A. S. A., Masoud M., Alazzabi B., Alezabi B., Shuwayyah A., Alkamkhe A. A. S., Aboulqasim I., Atiyah H., Alfagi R. A. A., Abdulmula A., Bouhuwaish A., Samer A., Salim R., Aboazamazem H., Almiqlash B., Biala M., Alganimi W., Ghamgh R., Ben Omar N., Alsoufi A., Aldreawi M., Saleim N., Sowan F., Saleem H., Ahmed A., Samalavicius N. E., Aliosin O., Dailidenas S., Dulskas A., Buckus B., Kuliesius Z., Bradunaite R., Dominguez-Rosado I., Buerba G. A., Posadas-Trujillo O. E., Alfaro-Goldaracena A., Cortes R., Mercado M. A., Beristain-Hernandez J. L., Mora-Munoz V. S., Mena-Bedolla J. M., Palacios Ramirez A. R., Astorga Medina M. M., Van Aert G., Ombashi S., Spillenaar Bilgen R., Vos D., Besselink M., Alberts V., Busch O., Bemelman W., Boermeester M., Daams F., Gordinou De Gouberville M., Van Duijvendijk P., De Graaff M., Baaij J., Gans S., Bos K., Goudsmit B., Den Dekker B., Braat A., Kuijpers A., Breukers S., Borel Rinkes I., Andel D., Hayes T., Carson D., Bhat S., Van Der Have J., Anderson C., Bissett I., Windsor J., Elliott B. M., Scowcroft H., McLauchlan J., Ritchie D., Jeffery F., Connor S., Xu W., Mashlan H., Thirayan V., Ly J., McGuinness M. J., Ferguson L., Watt I., Harmston C., Akinmade A., Enoch E., Kayode-Nissi V., Ogundele I., Ayoade B. A., Adekoya A., Nwokoro C., Opadeyi A., Yusuf A., Ojajuni A., Adepoju O., Muhammad Dauda M., Keffi Mubarak M., Lawal K., Muhammad D., Salonga D., Sael N. A., Rey C. M., Pestano M., Tan D., Bangayan N. R., Sy D. K., Ang D., Bernardo E., Chua J. P., Alharthi M., Bukhari W., Bakier Mohammed K., Al Athath S., Ghunaim M., Saiedi H., Sultan N., Farsi A., Basendowah M., Malibary N., Jaloun H., Altalhi D., Organjee A., Moamena M., Al Zaidi T. M., Alyami M., Alqannas M., Al-Urfan M., Elawad A., Alawadhi A., Alalawi Y., Alqarni A., Alqahtani B., Alayed A., Alsobaie K., Adi H., Elhaj M., Dehlawi A., Behairy G., Khaled I., Kmezic S., Radenkovic D., Aleksic L., Markovic V., Pejovic I., Antic A., Kalkan M., Vujanovic Gadjanski O., Dusan S., Marcetic B., Thiruchelvam N., Chiow A. K. H., Lee L. S., Mun D. Y. C., Tan E. K., Koh Y. X., Loh W. L., Wang Z., Chan C. Y., Kloppers C., Almgla N., Bernon M., Kahn M., Karimbocus N., Roldan Villavicencio J. I., Goitia V., Gutierrez Rios R. D., Garcia Ruiz S., Lopez Deogracias M., Turrado-Rodriguez V., Morales X., Hessheimer A., Termes Serra R., Beltran De Heredia J., Trujillo-Diaz J., Herreros-Rodriguez J., Montes-Manrique M., De Andres-Asenjo B., Beltran-Heredia J., Gimenez Maurel T., Utrilla Fornals A., Martin Anoro L. F., Cortese S., Perez Diaz M. D., Ballon M., Morote M., Cebolla Rojas L., Oliver Guillen J. R., Lopez De Fernandez A., Del Campo Lavilla M., Mora-Guzman I., Escartin A., Pinillos A., Vela Polanco F. F., Jara Quezada J. H., Muriel Alvarez P., Tur-Martinez J., Camps J., Herrero E., Garcia-Domingo M. I., Cugat Andorra E., Crespi Mir A., Claramonte Bellmunt O., Vicens Arbona J. C., Fernandez Burgos I. R., Sarriugarte Lasarte A., Marin H., Tellaeche De La Iglesia M., Ocerin Alganza O., Salinas Gomez J., Ramos-Martin P., Urbieta A., Nasimi Sabbagh R., Castell Gomez J. T., Serrablo A., Paterna -Lopez S., GutiCrossed D SignCopyrightrrez-Diez M., Abadia-Forcen M. T., Serradilla-Martin M., Duran Munoz-Cruzado V. M., Pareja Ciuro F., Perea Del Pozo E., Aparicio Sanchez D., Dios-Barbeito S., Marenco De La Cuadra B., Retamar Gentil M., Reguera-Rosal J., Infantes Ormad M., Lopez-Ruiz J. A., Landaluce-Olavarria A., Zevallos-Quiroz J. C., Barrutia Leonardo J., Emaldi A., Begona E., Balciscueta Coltell I., Sebastian M., Martinez Ramos S., Martinez Alcaide S., Lorenzo Perez J., Martinez Insfran L. A., Lopez-Morales P., Gimenez Frances C., Rahy-Martin A., Pelloni M., Ortiz-Lopez D., Benet-Munoz O., Pinero-Gonzalez L., Alconchel F., Nicolas-Lopez T., Rodrigues K., Cascales Campos P. A., Gomez-Bosch F., Ramirez Romero P., Ibrahim M., Hamid H. K. S., Idres R., Idris M., Mohammed O., Ayran S., Sinan A. H., Ozben V., Aytac E., Aliyeva Z., Mutlu A. U., Bilgin I. A., Karahasanoglu T., Hamzaoglu I., Bozkirli B., Uprak T. K., Kotan T., Coskun M., Kara Y., Somuncu E., Kocatas A., Bozkurt M. A., Demirli Atici S., Kaya T., Sert I., Emiroglu M., Jaffar M., Younis M. U., Aziz T., Ikram F., Sandal M., Al Madhloum Al Suwaidi F., Alshaikh M. O., Saber A., Khammas A., Nessa A., Jardine R., Nicol L., Clark C., McGee A., Alkari B., Feretis M., Antakia R., Georgiades F., Moneim J., O'Neill R., Balakrishnan A., Lunevicius R., Sud A., Moutsos I., Gomez D., Shahid S., Majeed T., Ibrahim W. K. G., Kadum K., Melia R., Magee C., Chicken D. W., Kumar S., Alshibshoubi M., Van Laarhoven S., Dewi F., Williams J., Byrne B., Wilkerson P., Tang C. B., Farhangmehr N., Jonas A., Charavanamuttu V., Almeida K., Efthimiou E., Boardley J., White A., Butt M. A., Menzies D., Gundkalli Z., Hassanzadeh-Baboli D., Jones O., Mistry P., Saha S., Gerrard A., Evans J., Rajeev S., Ali W., Ross E., Gilliam A., Hitchins C., Emslie K., Spellar K., Sked H., Briggs C., Brown L., A Hemadasa N., Apollos J. R., Belgaumkar A., Tawfik A., Brewin L., Oyewole B., Wadhawan H., Massie E., Rutherford D., McGivern K., McElroy L., De'Ath H. D., Tobbal M., Nagendram S., Patel P., Handa S., Houghton G., Sundaralingam S. S., Parker J., Morgan R., Gala T., Ibrahim S., Harby R., Abdelkarim M., Holroyd D., Thomas R., McLennan E., Boardley R., Jamieson N. B., Ebied H., Gossage J., Davies A., Wheatstone S., Jawad Z., Jiao L., Rajagopal P., Sodergren M., Lami M., Wiberg A., Bond-Smith G., Gemmill E., Lenzi E., Sapre D., Herrod P., Boyd-Carson H., Garcea G., Issa E., Jackson A., Fashina T., Pan H., Farquharson B., Shafiq H., Emanuel O., Mahdi S., Jeyarajah S., Finch L., Whiting G., Pigott L., Martin J., Siriwardena A. K., Beatson K., Abawi L., Lam W., Rea W., Andrews B., Al-Sarireh B., Soliman F., Burridge J., Jenvey C., Hammoda M., Hollyman M., Merker L., Richards J., Sukumaran V., Rogers S., Payne C., Bibi S., Raza K., Ul Ain N., Dronamraju S., Patil S., Nachimuthu S., Ravindran S., Patel S., Ivanov B., Patel M., Ejtehadi F., Jebamani J., Akhter Rahman M. M., Woodun H., De Prendergast A., Afzal A., Bota E., Abdul S. R., Karmarkar R., Crockett E., Evans L., Appleton B., Griffiths E., Dada O., Kulkarni R., Albirnawi H., Gravestock P., Vincenti C., Taribagil S., Dent B., Tse C., Clayton B., Burdekin E., Bannister L., Alam I., Gray J., Mactier M., Pollock A., Gough V., Kanchustambam S. R., Ridgway M., Arujunan K., Gopalswamy S., Monteiro De Barros J., Lyons T., Griffith D., Awan A. K., Latif J., Bandlamudi N., Bhatti I., Raptis D. A., Machairas N., Pissanou T., Mestre-Costa J., Hidalgo Salinas C., Pollok J. M., Al-Ardah M., Watson-Jones E., Rontree-Carey T., Boyce T., Hawkin P., Elmaradny A., Ross K., Adu-Peprah E., Pinto K., Dunne D., McCready R., Nita G., Szatmary P., Tay V. L., Rajput K., Rajendran I., Chaudhury M., Zambas G., Swaminathan C., Atif Q. A. A., Barrow T., Williams O., Malik A., Conroy S., Lindley S., Gilmore K., Boden E., Richards S. K., Hraishawi I., Polak P., McLaughlin D., Deeny D., Shuttleworth R., Harris A., Peilober-Richardson A., Morris G. C., Sara X., Almourad H., Ang Y., Smyth R., Ding D., Foster J., Bond A., Kumar Y., Ahmad A., Radoi D., Alkaili-Alyamani A., Balakrishnan S., Satchidanand R. Y., Danwaththa Liyanage A. S., Blake I., Ransome M., Weerasinghe C., Kenington C., Mayo K., Mohammed M., Cockbain A. J., Peckham-Cooper A., McCauley G., Gordon C., Smith A., Hawkins W., Chakravartty S., Baillie C., Kenny R., Kumar A., Koimtzis G., Bellamy E., Menon A., Kanakala A., Nevins E. J., Madhavan A., Thulasiraman S., France K., O'Connor A., Idama D., Raslan C., Sridhar S., Parveen M., Mubashar T., Jarvis S., Cakmak I., Wright C., Andrews S., Abdelsaid K Abdul Aal Y., Jayasankar B., Morilla J., Shehata M., Subba N., Tewari N., El-Sayed C., Somaie D., Beheiry N., Douka E., Arumugam S., Wijetunga I., Leivers E., Ibrahim B., Khan K., Wheat J., Christopher J., Barnett R., Elberm H., Booker J., Ashai S., Berry D., Luhmann A., Sgro A., Rashid M. M., Galea M., Jeyakumar J., Marriott P., Zafar S., Baker A., Yershov D., Galanopoulos G., Jordan R., Peinado Garcia C., Anyaugo N., Bath M. F., Omatseye J., Roberts L., Argyriou E. O., Machesney M., Parmar C., Clark S., Khalil H., Unsworth S., Mlotshwa M., Ayoub N., Aboelkhair A., Iosif E., Mohamed N., Reynolds E., Mackender E., Robinson D., Mufti W., Fischkoff K., Coleman N., Anantha Sathyanarayana S., Deutsch G., Giangola M., Lin D., Weiss M., Chung C., Nguyen A., Mueller J., Dabit M., Gordon J., McGuire E., Rashid O., Georgi E., Gallo M., Kunstman J. W., Peters N. V., O'Connor R., Bhattacharya B., Onkendi E., Santos A. P., Richmond R., Warren M., Zhang K., Broderick R., Clary B., Horgan S., Doucet J., Liepert A., Harmon L., McCall C., Sham J. G., Williams E., Labadie K. P., Clark N. M., Dickerson L. K., Hammill C. W., Williams G., Kushner B., Cos H., Zarate Rodriguez J., Bailey K., Al-Raimi I. M. N., Al-Zazay K., Ahmed Mohammed Al-Mahdi S., Mohammed Aldowbli S., Al-Shehari M., Shream S., Al-Ameri S., Aeed M., Aldawbali M., Alsayadi R., Alsayadi M., Spiers, H, Kouli, O, Ahmed, W, Varley, R, Ahari, D, Argus, L, Mclean, K, Kamarajah, S, Coe, P, Griffiths, E, Chan, A, Macutkiewicz, C, Jamdar, S, Wilson, M, Fullwood, C, Toogood, G, Gilchrist, A, Goldsworthy, M, Rashid, M, Pockney, P, Varela, J, Brindl, N, Ramirez, J, Marafante, C, Iwao, Y, Ghzawi, A, Elhadi, M, Gacaferi, H, Varghese, C, Adeyeye, A, Alser, O, Teh, C, Prieto, M, Hasan, A, Al-Naggar, H, Salgado, R, Veracierto, F, Lancelotti, T, Solinas, D, Oddi, R, Garcia, F, Mazza Diez, E, Andrade Ramirez, M, Bracco, R, Fernandez, D, Maraschio, M, Obeide, L, Giordano, E, Alcaraz, A, Marani, M, Aguirre, N, Luna, F, Francesconi, M, Chiham, F, Ramos Cossio, R, Alvarez, F, Pantoja Pachajoa, D, Mandojana, F, Merlo, I, Gonzalez, M, Cervelo, G, Puma, R, Vardaro, G, Davis, A, Jurat, D, Guenoff, C, Raubenheimer, K, Goddard, K, Brown, K, 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D., Garcia Ruiz S., Lopez Deogracias M., Turrado-Rodriguez V., Morales X., Hessheimer A., Termes Serra R., Beltran De Heredia J., Trujillo-Diaz J., Herreros-Rodriguez J., Montes-Manrique M., De Andres-Asenjo B., Beltran-Heredia J., Gimenez Maurel T., Utrilla Fornals A., Martin Anoro L. F., Cortese S., Perez Diaz M. D., Ballon M., Morote M., Cebolla Rojas L., Oliver Guillen J. R., Lopez De Fernandez A., Del Campo Lavilla M., Mora-Guzman I., Escartin A., Pinillos A., Vela Polanco F. F., Jara Quezada J. H., Muriel Alvarez P., Tur-Martinez J., Camps J., Herrero E., Garcia-Domingo M. I., Cugat Andorra E., Crespi Mir A., Claramonte Bellmunt O., Vicens Arbona J. C., Fernandez Burgos I. R., Sarriugarte Lasarte A., Marin H., Tellaeche De La Iglesia M., Ocerin Alganza O., Salinas Gomez J., Ramos-Martin P., Urbieta A., Nasimi Sabbagh R., Castell Gomez J. T., Serrablo A., Paterna -Lopez S., GutiCrossed D SignCopyrightrrez-Diez M., Abadia-Forcen M. T., Serradilla-Martin M., Duran Munoz-Cruzado V. M., Pareja Ciuro F., Perea Del Pozo E., Aparicio Sanchez D., Dios-Barbeito S., Marenco De La Cuadra B., Retamar Gentil M., Reguera-Rosal J., Infantes Ormad M., Lopez-Ruiz J. A., Landaluce-Olavarria A., Zevallos-Quiroz J. C., Barrutia Leonardo J., Emaldi A., Begona E., Balciscueta Coltell I., Sebastian M., Martinez Ramos S., Martinez Alcaide S., Lorenzo Perez J., Martinez Insfran L. A., Lopez-Morales P., Gimenez Frances C., Rahy-Martin A., Pelloni M., Ortiz-Lopez D., Benet-Munoz O., Pinero-Gonzalez L., Alconchel F., Nicolas-Lopez T., Rodrigues K., Cascales Campos P. A., Gomez-Bosch F., Ramirez Romero P., Ibrahim M., Hamid H. K. S., Idres R., Idris M., Mohammed O., Ayran S., Sinan A. H., Ozben V., Aytac E., Aliyeva Z., Mutlu A. U., Bilgin I. A., Karahasanoglu T., Hamzaoglu I., Bozkirli B., Uprak T. K., Kotan T., Coskun M., Kara Y., Somuncu E., Kocatas A., Bozkurt M. A., Demirli Atici S., Kaya T., Sert I., Emiroglu M., Jaffar M., Younis M. U., Aziz T., Ikram F., Sandal M., Al Madhloum Al Suwaidi F., Alshaikh M. O., Saber A., Khammas A., Nessa A., Jardine R., Nicol L., Clark C., McGee A., Alkari B., Feretis M., Antakia R., Georgiades F., Moneim J., O'Neill R., Balakrishnan A., Lunevicius R., Sud A., Moutsos I., Gomez D., Shahid S., Majeed T., Ibrahim W. K. G., Kadum K., Melia R., Magee C., Chicken D. W., Kumar S., Alshibshoubi M., Van Laarhoven S., Dewi F., Williams J., Byrne B., Wilkerson P., Tang C. B., Farhangmehr N., Jonas A., Charavanamuttu V., Almeida K., Efthimiou E., Boardley J., White A., Butt M. A., Menzies D., Gundkalli Z., Hassanzadeh-Baboli D., Jones O., Mistry P., Saha S., Gerrard A., Evans J., Rajeev S., Ali W., Ross E., Gilliam A., Hitchins C., Emslie K., Spellar K., Sked H., Briggs C., Brown L., A Hemadasa N., Apollos J. R., Belgaumkar A., Tawfik A., Brewin L., Oyewole B., Wadhawan H., Massie E., Rutherford D., McGivern K., McElroy L., De'Ath H. D., Tobbal M., Nagendram S., Patel P., Handa S., Houghton G., Sundaralingam S. S., Parker J., Morgan R., Gala T., Ibrahim S., Harby R., Abdelkarim M., Holroyd D., Thomas R., McLennan E., Boardley R., Jamieson N. B., Ebied H., Gossage J., Davies A., Wheatstone S., Jawad Z., Jiao L., Rajagopal P., Sodergren M., Lami M., Wiberg A., Bond-Smith G., Gemmill E., Lenzi E., Sapre D., Herrod P., Boyd-Carson H., Garcea G., Issa E., Jackson A., Fashina T., Pan H., Farquharson B., Shafiq H., Emanuel O., Mahdi S., Jeyarajah S., Finch L., Whiting G., Pigott L., Martin J., Siriwardena A. K., Beatson K., Abawi L., Lam W., Rea W., Andrews B., Al-Sarireh B., Soliman F., Burridge J., Jenvey C., Hammoda M., Hollyman M., Merker L., Richards J., Sukumaran V., Rogers S., Payne C., Bibi S., Raza K., Ul Ain N., Dronamraju S., Patil S., Nachimuthu S., Ravindran S., Patel S., Ivanov B., Patel M., Ejtehadi F., Jebamani J., Akhter Rahman M. M., Woodun H., De Prendergast A., Afzal A., Bota E., Abdul S. R., Karmarkar R., Crockett E., Evans L., Appleton B., Griffiths E., Dada O., Kulkarni R., Albirnawi H., Gravestock P., Vincenti C., Taribagil S., Dent B., Tse C., Clayton B., Burdekin E., Bannister L., Alam I., Gray J., Mactier M., Pollock A., Gough V., Kanchustambam S. R., Ridgway M., Arujunan K., Gopalswamy S., Monteiro De Barros J., Lyons T., Griffith D., Awan A. K., Latif J., Bandlamudi N., Bhatti I., Raptis D. A., Machairas N., Pissanou T., Mestre-Costa J., Hidalgo Salinas C., Pollok J. M., Al-Ardah M., Watson-Jones E., Rontree-Carey T., Boyce T., Hawkin P., Elmaradny A., Ross K., Adu-Peprah E., Pinto K., Dunne D., McCready R., Nita G., Szatmary P., Tay V. L., Rajput K., Rajendran I., Chaudhury M., Zambas G., Swaminathan C., Atif Q. A. A., Barrow T., Williams O., Malik A., Conroy S., Lindley S., Gilmore K., Boden E., Richards S. K., Hraishawi I., Polak P., McLaughlin D., Deeny D., Shuttleworth R., Harris A., Peilober-Richardson A., Morris G. C., Sara X., Almourad H., Ang Y., Smyth R., Ding D., Foster J., Bond A., Kumar Y., Ahmad A., Radoi D., Alkaili-Alyamani A., Balakrishnan S., Satchidanand R. Y., Danwaththa Liyanage A. S., Blake I., Ransome M., Weerasinghe C., Kenington C., Mayo K., Mohammed M., Cockbain A. J., Peckham-Cooper A., McCauley G., Gordon C., Smith A., Hawkins W., Chakravartty S., Baillie C., Kenny R., Kumar A., Koimtzis G., Bellamy E., Menon A., Kanakala A., Nevins E. J., Madhavan A., Thulasiraman S., France K., O'Connor A., Idama D., Raslan C., Sridhar S., Parveen M., Mubashar T., Jarvis S., Cakmak I., Wright C., Andrews S., Abdelsaid K Abdul Aal Y., Jayasankar B., Morilla J., Shehata M., Subba N., Tewari N., El-Sayed C., Somaie D., Beheiry N., Douka E., Arumugam S., Wijetunga I., Leivers E., Ibrahim B., Khan K., Wheat J., Christopher J., Barnett R., Elberm H., Booker J., Ashai S., Berry D., Luhmann A., Sgro A., Rashid M. M., Galea M., Jeyakumar J., Marriott P., Zafar S., Baker A., Yershov D., Galanopoulos G., Jordan R., Peinado Garcia C., Anyaugo N., Bath M. F., Omatseye J., Roberts L., Argyriou E. O., Machesney M., Parmar C., Clark S., Khalil H., Unsworth S., Mlotshwa M., Ayoub N., Aboelkhair A., Iosif E., Mohamed N., Reynolds E., Mackender E., Robinson D., Mufti W., Fischkoff K., Coleman N., Anantha Sathyanarayana S., Deutsch G., Giangola M., Lin D., Weiss M., Chung C., Nguyen A., Mueller J., Dabit M., Gordon J., McGuire E., Rashid O., Georgi E., Gallo M., Kunstman J. W., Peters N. V., O'Connor R., Bhattacharya B., Onkendi E., Santos A. P., Richmond R., Warren M., Zhang K., Broderick R., Clary B., Horgan S., Doucet J., Liepert A., Harmon L., McCall C., Sham J. G., Williams E., Labadie K. P., Clark N. M., Dickerson L. K., Hammill C. W., Williams G., Kushner B., Cos H., Zarate Rodriguez J., Bailey K., Al-Raimi I. M. N., Al-Zazay K., Ahmed Mohammed Al-Mahdi S., Mohammed Aldowbli S., Al-Shehari M., Shream S., Al-Ameri S., Aeed M., Aldawbali M., Alsayadi R., and Alsayadi M.

Abstract

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138595712&origin=inward&txGid=728c82ff11b9726b5d443216a91e7ffa#:~:text=Background: This study,of this pandemic.

Published
2022

18. Scaling in Steiner Random Surfaces

Author

Baillie, C. F., Irback, A., Janke, W., and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

It has been suggested that the modified Steiner action functional has desirable properties for a random surface action. In this paper we investigate the scaling of the string tension and massgap in a variant of this action on dynamically triangulated random surfaces and compare the results with the gaussian plus extrinsic curvature actions that have been used previously., Comment: 7 pages, COLO-HEP-328

Published
1993
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19. 2D O(3) + 2D QG

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

It has been suggested that the peak in the specific heat observed numerically for random surface actions with extrinsic curvature on dynamical lattices might be the result of a low mass bound state in an asymptotically free theory, rather than the signal for a real phase transition. The $O(3)$ model on a fixed lattice displays just such behaviour, but in general transitions appear to be weakened when the models concerned are put on dynamical lattices (ie coupled to 2d quantum gravity). We have therefore performed simulations of the $O(3)$ model on dynamical $\phi^3$ graphs to see if there is still a peak in the specific heat and compared the results with those on fixed lattices., Comment: 5 pages, COLO-HEP-324

Published
1993
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20. Dgsos on DTRS

Author

Baillie, C. F., Janke, W., and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We perform simulations of a discrete gaussian solid on solid (DGSOS) model on dynamical $\phi^3$ graphs, which is equivalent to coupling the model to 2d quantum gravity, using the cluster algorithms recently developed by Evertz et.al.for use on fixed lattices. We find evidence from the growth of the width-squared in the rough phase of KT-like behaviour, which is consistent with theoretical expectations. We also investigate the cluster statistics, dynamical critical exponent and lattice properties, and compare these with the dual XY model., Comment: 9 pages, COLO-HEP-320

Published
1993
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21. Freezing a Fluid Random Surface

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We investigate a dynamically triangulated random surface action that consists of a gaussian term plus the modulus of the intrinsic scalar curvature. We find that the flips are frozen out and the internal geometry is regularized as the coefficient of the latter term is increased. Such a term thus provides a way of interpolating between dynamically triangulated (ie fluid) and crystalline random surfaces., Comment: 7 pages, COLO-HEP-316

Published
1993
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22. Smooth Random Surfaces from Tight Immersions?

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We investigate actions for dynamically triangulated random surfaces that consist of a gaussian or area term plus the {\it modulus} of the gaussian curvature and compare their behavior with both gaussian plus extrinsic curvature and ``Steiner'' actions., Comment: 7 pages

Published
1993
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23. Steiner Variations on Random Surfaces

Author

Baillie, C. F., Espriu, D., and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

Ambartzumian et.al. suggested that the modified Steiner action functional had desirable properties for a random surface action. However, Durhuus and Jonsson pointed out that such an action led to an ill-defined grand-canonical partition function and suggested that the addition of an area term might improve matters. In this paper we investigate this and other related actions numerically for dynamically triangulated random surfaces and compare the results with the gaussian plus extrinsic curvature actions that have been used previously., Comment: 8 pages

Published
1993
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25. Crossover Between Weakly and Strongly Self-avoiding Random Surfaces

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We investigate the crossover between weak and strong self-avoidance in a simulation of random surfaces with extrinsic curvature. We consider both dynamically triangulated and rigid surfaces with the two possible discretizations of the extrinsic curvature term., Comment: 5 pages

Published
1992
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26. The XY Model Coupled to Two-Dimensional Quantum Gravity

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We perform Monte Carlo simulations using the Wolff cluster algorithm of the XY model on both fixed and dynamical phi-cubed graphs (i.e. without and with coupling to two-dimensional quantum gravity). We compare the numerical results with the theoretical expectation that the phase transition remains of KT type when the XY model is coupled to gravity. We also examine whether the universality we discovered in our earlier work on various Potts models with the same value of the central charge, $c$, carries over to the XY model, which has $c=1$., Comment: 8 pages

Published
1992
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27. An Effective Model for Crumpling in Two Dimensions?

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We investigate the crumpling transition for a dynamically triangulated random surface embedded in two dimensions using an effective model in which the disordering effect of the $X$ variables on the correlations of the normals is replaced by a long-range ``antiferromagnetic'' term. We compare the results from a Monte Carlo simulation with those obtained for the standard action which retains the $X$'s and discuss the nature of the phase transition., Comment: 5 pages

Published
1992
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28. Ising Model Coupled to Three-Dimensional Quantum Gravity

Author

Baillie, C. F.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model coupled to three-dimensional quantum gravity based on a summation over dynamical triangulations. These were done both in the microcanonical ensemble, with the number of points in the triangulation and the number of Ising spins fixed, and in the grand canoncal ensemble. We have investigated the two possible cases of the spins living on the vertices of the triangulation (``diect'' case) and the spins living in the middle of the tetrahedra (``dual'' case). We observed phase transitions which are probably second order, and found that the dual implementation more effectively couples the spins to the quantum gravity., Comment: 11 pages

Published
1992
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29. Multiple Potts Models Coupled to Two-Dimensional Quantum Gravity

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We perform Monte Carlo simulations using the Wolff cluster algorithm of {\it multiple} $q=2,3,4$ state Potts models on dynamical phi-cubed graphs of spherical topology in order to investigate the $c>1$ region of two-dimensional quantum gravity. Contrary to naive expectation we find no obvious signs of pathological behaviour for $c>1$. We discuss the results in the light of suggestions that have been made for a modified DDK ansatz for $c>1$., Comment: 9 pages

Published
1992
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30. A Numerical Test of KPZ Scaling: Potts Models Coupled to Two-Dimensional Quantum Gravity

Author

Baillie, C. F. and Johnston, D. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

We perform Monte Carlo simulations using the Wolff cluster algorithm of the q=2 (Ising), 3, 4 and q=10 Potts models on dynamical phi-cubed graphs of spherical topology with up to 5000 nodes. We find that the measured critical exponents are in reasonable agreement with those from the exact solution of the Ising model and with those calculated from KPZ scaling for q=3,4 where no exact solution is available. Using Binder's cumulant we find that the q=10 Potts model displays a first order phase transition on a dynamical graph, as it does on a fixed lattice. We also examine the internal geometry of the graphs generated in the simulation, finding a linear relationship between ring length probabilities and the central charge of the Potts model, Comment: 10 pages

Published
1992
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31. Global overview of the management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (CHOLECOVID study)

Author

Spiers H. V. M., Kouli O., Ahmed W. U., Varley R., Ahari D., Argus L., McLean K. A., Kamarajah S. K., Coe P., Griffiths E. A., Chan A. K. C., Macutkiewicz C., Jamdar S., Wilson M., Fullwood C., Toogood G., McLean K., Ahmed W., Gilchrist A., Goldsworthy M., Rashid M., Pockney P., Varela J., Brindl N., Ramirez J., Marafante C., Iwao Y., Ghzawi A., Elhadi M., Gacaferi H., Varghese C., Adeyeye A., Alser O., Teh C., Prieto M., Hasan A., Al-Naggar H., Salgado R., Veracierto F., Lancelotti T., Solinas D., Oddi R., Garcia F. W., Mazza Diez E., Andrade Ramirez M. R., Bracco R., Fernandez D., Maraschio M. A., Obeide L., Giordano E., Alcaraz A., Marani M. A., Aguirre N., Luna F., Francesconi M., Chiham F., Ramos Cossio R., Alvarez F. A., Pantoja Pachajoa D. A., Mandojana F., Merlo I. G., Gonzalez M. H., Cervelo G., Puma R., Vardaro G. F., Davis A., Jurat D., Guenoff C., Raubenheimer K., Goddard K., Brown K., Wegrecki K. J., Cheung H. Y. C., Yang M., Cheung H., Siddiqui J., Ahn J. H., Huynh R., Lam Y. H., Afzal M., Ong B. S., Chua M. Y. M., Ly K., Thomson J. E., Watson D., Dawson A. C., Drane A., Van Ruyven S., Lun E. W. Y., Ferguson M., Jeong J. Y., De Silva C., Wills V., Gundara J., McCourt E., Bong C., Tabone R., Wong W. J., Gray A., Koh D., Pollock M., Singhal S., Smith R., Dudi-Venkata N. N., Kanhere H., Stranz C., Seow W., Mansour L. T., Wormald J., Loveday B. P. T., Thomson B., O'Donnell T., Milenkovski N., Herath M., Trochsler M., Farfus A., Maddern G., Bunjo Z., Kuan L. L., Atanasov G., Dawson A., Lun E., Samadov E., Namazov I., Asgarov M., Ibrahimli A., Srinivasan M., Saeed M. F., Aljawder H., Juma I., Coimbra F. J., Marques N., Casteleins W. A., Petruzziello A., Jabur G., Rodriguez J. F. P., Buso P. L., Mackenzie S., Hsiao M., Sljivic I., Tecson A., Karanicolas P. J., Roke R., Moon J., Butler E. V., Riquelme F., Yanez M., Catan F., Uribe M., Carriel F., Oppliger F., Paredes A., Daroch D., Aguayo J. C., Perez Rivera C. J., Acosta Buitrago L. M., Kadamani Abiyomaa A., Mosquera Paz M. S., Cabrera P., Corso J., Ozcay N., Ozant A., Arslan K., Besim H., Almezghwi H., Azzam A. Y., Bessa S., El-Sayes I., Badawy A., Wael M., El-Gendi A., Azab M. A., Fayed M., El Kassas M., Gamal M., Tawheed A., Al Shafie A., Emile S., Elfallal A., Elfeki H., Shalaby M., Sakr A., Elbahnasawy M., Shama M., Abdel-Elsalam W., Abd-Elsalam S., Escobar Dominguez J. E., Medrano F., Gaitan S., Escalon Gonzalez O. M., Alfaro Varela J. C., Cea M., Interiano M., Cabrera B., Lakkis Z., Georges P., Antonot C., Magnin J., Kamphues C., Lauscher J. C., Schineis C., Loch F. N., Lee L. D., Beyer K., Bouchagier K., Galanis I., Bartziotas D., Lostoridis E., Tourountzi P., Nagorni E. A., Charalabopoulos A., Baili E., Kyros E., Vagios I., Skotsimara A., Liakakos T., Alexandrou A., Papalampros A., Papadopolous V., Tooulias A., Kentarchos I., Christou C., Tsoulfas G., Tale-Rosales L. F., Lopez Muralles I., Melendez H., Bran G., Monroy Mahecha F. A., Contreras J. R., Porras D. E., Paiz E., Soto E. R., Ixcayau Hernandez J. R., Gupta A., Rajput D., Kumar N., Mani R., Kant R., Sonkar A. A., Anand A., Agrawal M. K., Gaurav K., Tripathi M., Sikora S., Bharathy K., Kumar Rangapa M., Khuller D. S., Bhojwwani R., Ayyar S., Jain N., Mehraj A., Hussain F., Nazir I., Shah M., Chowdri N. A., Hilmi A., Argenio G., Atelli P., Palladino E., Armellino M. F., Tamini N., Nespoli L. C., Degrate L., Angrisani M., Carissimi F., Bordoni P., Fleres F., Clarizia G., Spolini A., Franzini M., Cucinotta E., Badessi G., Mazzeo C., Viscosi F., Pintabona G., Campagnaro T., Poletto E., Turri G., Ruzzenente A., Conci S., Guglielmi A., Feo C., Fabbri N., Fazzin M., Giaccari S., Feo C. V., Massani M., Pelizzo P., Colella M., Tutino R., Cappellacci F., Medas F., Canu G. L., Erdas E., Calo P. G., Porcu A., Perra T., Scanu A. M., Feo C. F., Fancellu A., Germani P., Giunta C., Biloslavo A., Abdallah H., Aizza G., Barberis A., Belli F., Santoliquido M., Filauro M., Canonico G., Nelli T., Di Martino C., Capezzuoli L., Anastasi A., Bressan L., Cortinovis S., Nagliati C., Colombo F., Ferrario L., Bondurri A., Guerci C., Maffioli A., Catena F., Perrone G., Giuffrida M., Morini A., Annicchiarico A., Gallo G., Carpino A., Ferrari F., De Paola G., Sammarco G., Callari C., Licari L., Sorce V., Di Miceli D., Lovisetto F., Zonta S., Chessa A., Fiorini A., De Manzoni Garberini A., Angelini E., Moggia E., Murgese A., Mungo S., Birolo S. L., Garino M., Pipitone Federico N. S., Muratore A., Lunghi E. G., Calabro M., Cianci P., Enrico R., Capuzzolo S., Cafagna L., Minafra M., Sasia D., Gattolin A., Migliore M., Rimonda R., Travaglio E., De Marco G., Elter C., Bargellini T., D'Amico S., Zambonin D., Caponi A., Calini G., Puggioni A., Bresadola V., Zalla T., Cantafio S., Feroci F., Romoli L., Giudicissi R., Picciariello A., Papagni V., Dibra R., Altomare D. F., Pinotti E., Montuori M., Baronio G., Tonini V., Sartarelli L., Gori A., Cervellera M., Lapolla P., Sapienza P., Brachini G., Cirillo B., Zambon M., Mingoli A., Pascariello A., Boccia L., Benedetti S., Mantovani G., De Angelis M., Ferrara F., Testa V., Borghi F., Maione F., Pruiti Ciarello V., Giraudo G., Agresta F., Cestaro G., Prando D., Cavallo F., Zese M., Cillara N., Sechi R., Cardia R., Cannavera A., Putzu G., Frongia F., Pisanu A., Delogu D., Esposito G., Podda M., Iossa A., De Angelis F., Boru C., Silecchia G., Palini G. M., Garulli G., Veneroni S., Tammaro P., Maida P., Leake P. A., Wanliss M. 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E., Aliosin O., Dailidenas S., Dulskas A., Buckus B., Kuliesius Z., Bradunaite R., Dominguez-Rosado I., Buerba G. A., Posadas-Trujillo O. E., Alfaro-Goldaracena A., Cortes R., Mercado M. A., Beristain-Hernandez J. L., Mora-Munoz V. S., Mena-Bedolla J. M., Palacios Ramirez A. R., Astorga Medina M. M., Van Aert G., Ombashi S., Spillenaar Bilgen R., Vos D., Besselink M., Alberts V., Busch O., Bemelman W., Boermeester M., Daams F., Gordinou De Gouberville M., Van Duijvendijk P., De Graaff M., Baaij J., Gans S., Bos K., Goudsmit B., Den Dekker B., Braat A., Kuijpers A., Breukers S., Borel Rinkes I., Andel D., Hayes T., Carson D., Bhat S., Van Der Have J., Anderson C., Bissett I., Windsor J., Elliott B. M., Scowcroft H., McLauchlan J., Ritchie D., Jeffery F., Connor S., Xu W., Mashlan H., Thirayan V., Ly J., McGuinness M. J., Ferguson L., Watt I., Harmston C., Akinmade A., Enoch E., Kayode-Nissi V., Ogundele I., Ayoade B. A., Adekoya A., Nwokoro C., Opadeyi A., Yusuf A., Ojajuni A., Adepoju O., Muhammad Dauda M., Keffi Mubarak M., Lawal K., Muhammad D., Salonga D., Sael N. A., Rey C. M., Pestano M., Tan D., Bangayan N. R., Sy D. K., Ang D., Bernardo E., Chua J. P., Alharthi M., Bukhari W., Bakier Mohammed K., Al Athath S., Ghunaim M., Saiedi H., Sultan N., Farsi A., Basendowah M., Malibary N., Jaloun H., Altalhi D., Organjee A., Moamena M., Al Zaidi T. M., Alyami M., Alqannas M., Al-Urfan M., Elawad A., Alawadhi A., Alalawi Y., Alqarni A., Alqahtani B., Alayed A., Alsobaie K., Adi H., Elhaj M., Dehlawi A., Behairy G., Khaled I., Kmezic S., Radenkovic D., Aleksic L., Markovic V., Pejovic I., Antic A., Kalkan M., Vujanovic Gadjanski O., Dusan S., Marcetic B., Thiruchelvam N., Chiow A. K. H., Lee L. S., Mun D. Y. C., Tan E. K., Koh Y. X., Loh W. L., Wang Z., Chan C. Y., Kloppers C., Almgla N., Bernon M., Kahn M., Karimbocus N., Roldan Villavicencio J. I., Goitia V., Gutierrez Rios R. 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Z., Mutlu A.U., Bilgin I.A., Karahasanoglu T., Hamzaoglu I., Bozkirli B., Uprak T.K., Kotan T., Coskun M., Kara Y., Somuncu E., Kocatas A., Bozkurt M.A., Demirli Atici S., Kaya T., Sert I., Emiroglu M., Jaffar M., Younis M.U., Aziz T., Ikram F., Sandal M., Al Madhloum Al Suwaidi F., Alshaikh M.O., Saber A., Khammas A., Nessa A., Jardine R., Nicol L., Clark C., McGee A., Alkari B., Feretis M., Antakia R., Georgiades F., Moneim J., O'Neill R., Balakrishnan A., Lunevicius R., Sud A., Moutsos I., Gomez D., Shahid S., Majeed T., Ibrahim W.K.G., Kadum K., Melia R., Magee C., Chicken D.W., Kumar S., Alshibshoubi M., Van Laarhoven S., Dewi F., Williams J., Byrne B., Wilkerson P., Tang C.B., Farhangmehr N., Jonas A., Charavanamuttu V., Almeida K., Efthimiou E., Boardley J., White A., Butt M.A., Menzies D., Gundkalli Z., Hassanzadeh-Baboli D., Jones O., Mistry P., Saha S., Gerrard A., Evans J., Rajeev S., Ali W., Ross E., Gilliam A., Hitchins C., Emslie K., Spellar K., Sked H., Briggs C., Brown L., A Hemadasa N., Apollos J.R., Belgaumkar A., Tawfik A., Brewin L., Oyewole B., Wadhawan H., Massie E., Rutherford D., McGivern K., McElroy L., De'Ath H.D., Tobbal M., Nagendram S., Patel P., Handa S., Houghton G., Sundaralingam S.S., Parker J., Morgan R., Gala T., Ibrahim S., Harby R., Abdelkarim M., Holroyd D., Thomas R., McLennan E., Boardley R., Jamieson N.B., Ebied H., Gossage J., Davies A., Wheatstone S., Jawad Z., Jiao L., Rajagopal P., Sodergren M., Lami M., Wiberg A., Bond-Smith G., Gemmill E., Lenzi E., Sapre D., Herrod P., Boyd-Carson H., Garcea G., Issa E., Jackson A., Fashina T., Pan H., Farquharson B., Shafiq H., Emanuel O., Mahdi S., Jeyarajah S., Finch L., Whiting G., Pigott L., Martin J., Siriwardena A.K., Beatson K., Abawi L., Lam W., Rea W., Andrews B., Al-Sarireh B., Soliman F., Burridge J., Jenvey C., Hammoda M., Hollyman M., Merker L., Richards J., Sukumaran V., Rogers S., Payne C., Bibi S., Raza K., Ul Ain N., Dronamraju S., Patil S., Nachimuthu S., Ravindran 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D., Herrod, P., Boyd-Carson, H., Garcea, G., Issa, E., Jackson, A., Fashina, T., Pan, H., Farquharson, B., Shafiq, H., Emanuel, O., Mahdi, S., Jeyarajah, S., Finch, L., Whiting, G., Pigott, L., Martin, J., Siriwardena, A., Beatson, K., Abawi, L., Lam, W., Rea, W., Andrews, B., Al-Sarireh, B., Soliman, F., Burridge, J., Jenvey, C., Hammoda, M., Hollyman, M., Merker, L., Richards, J., Sukumaran, V., Rogers, S., Payne, C., Bibi, S., Raza, K., Ul Ain, N., Dronamraju, S., Patil, S., Nachimuthu, S., Ravindran, S., Patel, S., Ivanov, B., Patel, M., Ejtehadi, F., Jebamani, J., Akhter Rahman, M M, Woodun, H., De Prendergast, A., Afzal, A., Bota, E., Abdul, S R, Karmarkar, R., Crockett, E., Evans, L., Appleton, B., Griffiths, E., Dada, O., Kulkarni, R., Albirnawi, H., Gravestock, P., Vincenti, C., Taribagil, S., Dent, B., Tse, C., Clayton, B., Burdekin, E., Bannister, L., Alam, I., Gray, J., Mactier, M., Pollock, A., Gough, V., Kanchustambam, S R, Ridgway, M., Arujunan, K., Gopalswamy, S., 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Mackender, E., Robinson, D., Mufti, W., Fischkoff, K., Coleman, N., Anantha Sathyanarayana, S., Deutsch, G., Giangola, M., Lin, D., Weiss, M., Chung, C., Nguyen, A., Mueller, J., Dabit, M., Gordon, J., McGuire, E., Rashid, O., Georgi, E., Gallo, M., Kunstman, J W, Peters, N V, O'Connor, R., Bhattacharya, B., Onkendi, E., Santos, A P, Richmond, R., Warren, M., Zhang, K., Broderick, R., Clary, B., Horgan, S., Doucet, J., Liepert, A., Harmon, L., McCall, C., Sham, J G, Williams, E., Labadie, K P, Clark, N M, Dickerson, L K, Hammill, C W, Williams, G., Kushner, B., Cos, H., Zarate Rodriguez, J., Bailey, K., Al-Raimi, Imn, Al-Zazay, K., Ahmed Mohammed Al-Mahdi, S., Mohammed Aldowbli, S., Al-Shehari, M., Shream, S., Al-Ameri, S., Aeed, M., Aldawbali, M., Alsayadi, R., and Alsayadi, M.

Subjects
Pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, acute cholecystitis, COVID-19, management, Cholecystitis, Acute, acute, General Medicine, pandemics, cholecystectomy, humans, cholecystitis, Cholecystectomy, Humans, Pandemics, Settore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generale, Human
Abstract

Background This study provides a global overview of the management of patients with acute cholecystitis during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods CHOLECOVID is an international, multicentre, observational comparative study of patients admitted to hospital with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on management were collected for a 2-month study interval coincident with the WHO declaration of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and compared with an equivalent pre-pandemic time interval. Mediation analysis examined the influence of SARS-COV-2 infection on 30-day mortality. Results This study collected data on 9783 patients with acute cholecystitis admitted to 247 hospitals across the world. The pandemic was associated with reduced availability of surgical workforce and operating facilities globally, a significant shift to worse severity of disease, and increased use of conservative management. There was a reduction (both absolute and proportionate) in the number of patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 3095 patients (56.2 per cent) pre-pandemic to 1998 patients (46.2 per cent) during the pandemic but there was no difference in 30-day all-cause mortality after cholecystectomy comparing the pre-pandemic interval with the pandemic (13 patients (0.4 per cent) pre-pandemic to 13 patients (0.6 per cent) pandemic; P = 0.355). In mediation analysis, an admission with acute cholecystitis during the pandemic was associated with a non-significant increased risk of death (OR 1.29, 95 per cent c.i. 0.93 to 1.79, P = 0.121). Conclusion CHOLECOVID provides a unique overview of the treatment of patients with cholecystitis across the globe during the first months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The study highlights the need for system resilience in retention of elective surgical activity. Cholecystectomy was associated with a low risk of mortality and deferral of treatment results in an increase in avoidable morbidity that represents the non-COVID cost of this pandemic.

Published
2022

32. Clinical Reflections and Treatment Adaptations for Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Case Study.

Author

Webb, J., Dhopatkar, N., Croft, P., Himmerich, H., Baillie, C., Dodwell, L., and Tchanturia, K.

Subjects
FOOD consumption, FOOD habits, EATING disorders, AUTISM spectrum disorders, MALNUTRITION
Abstract

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a serious eating disorder, characterised by problematic eating habits that cause significant nutritional deficiencies. Having only been recently acknowledged as a distinct category, there is little research regarding best practice guidelines, especially among the adult population. In addition, ARFID often coexists with autism, and very little is known about how the diagnoses affect each other, further complicating treatment options. This case study reflects on the treatment of a young autistic woman with ARFID within an inpatient eating disorder setting. Using principles of food exposure, food trials were introduced as a way to increase food variety as well as overall nutrition. Results are promising, with the patient reaching a much safer weight and being able to increase her repertoire of food. While results are not generalisable to a wider population, it is hoped that similar approach could be used with other individuals who have ARFID and autism when aiming to increase nutrition and variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Methodological Challenges in Researching Threshold Concepts: A Comparative Analysis of Three Projects

Author

Quinlan, K. M., Male, S., and Baillie, C.

Abstract

Threshold concepts were introduced nearly 10 years ago by Ray Land and Jan Meyer. This work has spawned four international conferences and hundreds of papers. Although the idea has clearly gained traction in higher education, this sub-field does not yet have a fully fledged research methodology or a strong critical discourse about methodology. This paper seeks to begin such a dialogue by analysing three projects carried out by the authors, each focused broadly on identifying and understanding threshold concepts in engineering. Each of the projects used interviews with students and academics, but differed in six main ways that seem to make a difference to the research outcomes. This paper considers the gaps in the research and why they matter, briefly outlines the methods used in each of the three case study projects, and then discusses differences in project goals, researchers' backgrounds, curricular context, participants' experiences, negotiated or independent knowledge and degree of comprehensiveness sought in the studies. The implications of these six differences are explored. The authors argue that research in this sub-field of higher education pedagogical research needs to be clearer and more explicit about the methods that are used They conclude that the field would benefit from bringing together researchers who have been developing complementary research methods to compare and contrast these approaches and to develop more rigorous protocols for research on threshold concepts.

Published
2013
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40. List of contributors

Author

Amiralian, N., primary, Ansell, M.P., additional, Baillie, C., additional, Ball, R.J., additional, Jayasinghe, R., additional, KC, B., additional, Lawrence, M., additional, Martin, D., additional, Maskell, D., additional, Memmott, P., additional, Nishino, T., additional, Panthapulakkal, S., additional, Raghunanan, L., additional, Rose, C., additional, Sain, M., additional, Shanks, R., additional, Shea, A., additional, Tjong, J., additional, Tucker, N., additional, and Walker, P., additional

Published
2017
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42. Humanitarian Engineering Placements in Our Own Communities

Author

VanderSteen, J. D. J., Hall, K. R., and Baillie, C. A.

Abstract

There is an increasing interest in the humanitarian engineering curriculum, and a service-learning placement could be an important component of such a curriculum. International placements offer some important pedagogical advantages, but also have some practical and ethical limitations. Local community-based placements have the potential to be transformative for both the student and the community, although this potential is not always seen. In order to investigate the role of local placements, qualitative research interviews were conducted. Thirty-two semi-structured research interviews were conducted and analysed, resulting in a distinct outcome space. It is concluded that local humanitarian engineering placements greatly complement international placements and are strongly recommended if international placements are conducted. More importantly it is seen that we are better suited to address the marginalised in our own community, although it is often easier to see the needs of an outside populace.

Published
2010
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43. Seeing through the Lens of Social Justice: A Threshold for Engineering

Author

Kabo, J. and Baillie, C.

Abstract

In this paper, we have explored how students in a cross-disciplinary course on engineering and social justice approached the idea of using social justice as a "lens" for looking at engineering. We have used an adapted phenomenographic approach [Marton, F., and Booth, S., 1997. "Learning and awareness". Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum], together with Meyer and Land's [Meyer, J.H.F., and Land, R., 2003. Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge: linkages to ways of thinking and practising within the disciplines. "ETL Project Occasional Report 4" [online]. Available from: http://www.tla.ed.ac.uk/etl/docs/ETLreport4.pdf [Accessed 1 January 2009]] threshold concept framework, to study the variation present among the students in the class as they attempt to pass through the threshold of this lens. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with students. We examine the liminal space that students hover in for several weeks, not knowing whether or if they will eventually pass through the portal into new territories. We found nine conceptions of increasing complexity present among the students in the class. We suggest that the students' collective experiences illustrate potential journeys along a spectrum of liminality and through the threshold. We conclude with some implications for what can be done to facilitate the students' transition through the threshold, thereby contributing to the development of this aspect of engineering education. (Contains 2 figures.)

Published
2009
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46. How Can Engineering Education Contribute to a Sustainable Future?

Author

Pritchard, J. and Baillie, C.

Abstract

In the present paper we question how engineering education (and engineering) can support greater participation and inclusiveness in decision making and science and technology. We consider the work "relating" to engineering and society that is conducted by the scholars of science and technology studies, but which is rarely read or considered by the engineering educators who could draw on it. We consider the results of an initial analysis of data collected from interviews with the science, technology and society (STS) faculty across North America and Europe. STS looks at how technology affects society and how society affects technology, while engineers "create" technology. Consequently the current authors suggest that it would be of great relevance to both engineering and STS to join up the thinking across these two arenas by focusing on a question that is not privy to the disciplines: is how can we create a socially just and sustainable future for all? We shall consider questions asked in STS of technology (engineering), e.g. what is its impact on society, who owns the technology, what are the political artefacts of the technology and we consider their influence on engineering (education). Using a phenomenographic approach to the research, 12 categories of description have emerged. Three of these categories are highlighted in this paper: participation; politics and policy; and citizenship, as they reflected themes that are rarely "discussed" in engineering curricula but which appear to be uppermost in the STS arena. Participation was described in a range of ways, from approaches to participation to the case for and against it. In politics and policy much was made of the interplay between scientists and politicians and the power and knowledge games between these two arenas. Citizenship is a hotly discussed topic and is evident in a number of government agendas. Approaches to enhancing citizenship are discussed in a myriad of ventures, e.g. through public participation, being critical of information and through education. (Contains 1 figure.)

Published
2006
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