Search

Neutrophil-macrophage interplay is a fine-tuning mechanism that regulates the innate immune response during infection and inflammation. Cell surface receptors play an essential role in neutrophil and macrophage functions. The same receptor can provide different outcomes within diverse leukocyte subsets in different inflammatory conditions. Understanding the variety of responses mediated by one receptor is critical for the development of anti-inflammatory treatments. In this study, we evaluated the role of a leukocyte adhesive receptor, integrin α D β 2 , in the development of acute inflammation. α D β 2 is mostly expressed on macrophages and contributes to the development of chronic inflammation. In contrast, we found that α D -knockout dramatically increases mortality in the cecal ligation and puncture sepsis model and LPS-induced endotoxemia. This pathologic outcome of α D -deficient mice is associated with a reduced number of monocyte-derived macrophages and an increased number of neutrophils in their lungs. However, the tracking of adoptively transferred fluorescently labeled wild-type (WT) and α D -/- monocytes in WT mice during endotoxemia demonstrated only a moderate difference between the recruitment of these two subsets. Moreover, the rescue experiment, using i.v. injection of WT monocytes to α D -deficient mice followed by LPS challenge, showed only slightly reduced mortality. Surprisingly, the injection of WT neutrophils to the bloodstream of α D -/- mice markedly increased migration of monocyte-derived macrophage to lungs and dramatically improves survival. α D -deficient neutrophils demonstrate increased necrosis/pyroptosis. α D β 2 -mediated macrophage accumulation in the lungs promotes efferocytosis that reduced mortality. Hence, integrin α D β 2 implements a complex defense mechanism during endotoxemia, which is mediated by macrophages via a neutrophil-dependent pathway., (©2021 Society for Leukocyte Biology.)

Background: Data for this study came from South Carolina 1995 Hospital Inpatient Encounter Data Base. The population figures were 1995 South Carolina population estimates., Methods: We examined patient sociodemographic characteristics and costs associated with adult and pediatric ambulatory care sensitive condition (ACSC) hospitalization in South Carolina. Bivariate statistical comparisons were done to test the differences between ACSC and non-ACSC groups in specific sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression determined the relative significance of individual characteristics to hospitalizations for ACSC. Cost/charge ratios were used to estimate costs associated with ACSC hospitalizations., Results: Nonwhites, low-income individuals, and those residing in more rural areas had significantly more ACSC hospitalizations than their respective counterparts (i.e., whites, high-income individuals, and those residing in metropolitan statistical areas). Individuals without a primary care physician were more likely to be hospitalized with ACSC. Ambulatory care sensitive condition hospitalization charges were 12% of total hospital charges for adults and 20% for children. The average cost per ACSC hospitalization was $3,929 for adults and $1,818 for children., Conclusion: Providers can rapidly assess needs and barriers faced by vulnerable population groups by using regularly collected hospital discharge data at the national, state, and community level.