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3. How One Major Healthcare Firm Became the Leader in Innovative AI Use.

Author

Baier, Paul, DeLallo, David, and Sviokla, John J.

Subjects
LANGUAGE models, GENERATIVE artificial intelligence, COVID-19 pandemic, DATA privacy, SICK leave, ENTERPRISE resource planning, INNOVATIONS in business, FOR-profit universities & colleges
Abstract

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan (BCBSM) has become a leader in innovative AI use by implementing several practices. They prioritize security and compliance to handle sensitive data securely. BCBSM also focuses on architecture, creating modular services and an adaptable cloud data solution to streamline operations and support the deployment of AI applications. Ongoing employee education and bias mitigation are also important, as well as providing a safe haven for innovation through a subsidiary. These practices have transformed BCBSM into an agile platform company that can adapt to the complexity of healthcare provisions. They have successfully implemented two gen AI applications, BenefitsGPT and ContractsGPT, which improve customer service and efficiency. BCBSM's journey demonstrates that organizations can innovate with AI within regulatory bounds by prioritizing security, compliance, architecture, governance, and responsible practices. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

8. Your Organization Isn't Designed to Work with GenAI.

Author

Baier, Paul, DeLallo, David, and Sviokla, John J.

Subjects
WORK design, GENERATIVE artificial intelligence
Abstract

This article discusses the challenges organizations face when integrating generative AI (GenAI) into their processes. The traditional methods of process redesign may not be suitable for GenAI because it functions more like a coworker than a static technology. The authors propose a new paradigm called "Designing for Dialogue," which treats GenAI as an assistive agent that collaborates with humans dynamically. By redesigning processes to incorporate GenAI and creating a symbiotic relationship between humans and AI, organizations can achieve continuous improvements and efficiency gains. The article provides steps for getting started with this approach and emphasizes the importance of training, feedback, and continuous evaluation. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

24. Bed-sharing in couples is associated with increased and stabilized rem sleep and sleep-stage synchronization

Author

Drews, Henning Johannes, Wallot, Sebastian, Brysch, Philip, Berger-Johannsen, Hannah, Weinhold, Sara Lena, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Baier, Paul Christian, Lechinger, Julia, Roepstorff, Andreas, Göder, Robert, and Zhang, Jihui

Subjects
physiological coupling, ddc:150, co-sleep, chronotype, Psychology, relationship quality, bed-sharing, REM sleep, sociality, synchronization
Abstract

Background/Objectives: Sharing the bed with a partner is common among adults and impacts sleep quality with potential implications for mental health. However, hitherto findings are contradictory and particularly polysomnographic data on co-sleeping couples are extremely rare. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a bed partner's presence on individual and dyadic sleep neurophysiology. Methods: Young healthy heterosexual couples underwent sleep-lab-based polysomnography of two sleeping arrangements: individual sleep and co-sleep. Individual and dyadic sleep parameters (i.e., synchronization of sleep stages) were collected. The latter were assessed using cross-recurrence quantification analysis. Additionally, subjective sleep quality, relationship characteristics, and chronotype were monitored. Data were analyzed comparing co-sleep vs. individual sleep. Interaction effects of the sleeping arrangement with gender, chronotype, or relationship characteristics were moreover tested. Results: As compared to sleeping individually, co-sleeping was associated with about 10% more REM sleep, less fragmented REM sleep (p = 0.008), longer undisturbed REM fragments (p = 0.0006), and more limb movements (p = 0.007). None of the other sleep stages was significantly altered. Social support interacted with sleeping arrangement in a way that individuals with suboptimal social support showed the biggest impact of the sleeping arrangement on REM sleep. Sleep architectures were more synchronized between partners during co-sleep (p = 0.005) even if wake phases were excluded (p = 0.022). Moreover, sleep architectures are significantly coupled across a lag of ± 5min. Depth of relationship represented an additional significant main effect regarding synchronization, reflecting a positive association between the two. Neither REM sleep nor synchronization was influenced by gender, chronotype, or other relationship characteristics. Conclusion: Depending on the sleeping arrangement, couple's sleep architecture and synchronization show alterations that are modified by relationship characteristics. We discuss that these alterations could be part of a self-enhancing feedback loop of REM sleep and sociality and a mechanism through which sociality prevents mental illness.

Published
2020
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28. Of Bakke's balance, Gratz and Grutter: the voice of Justice Powell.

Author

Baier, Paul R.

Subjects
Reverse discrimination -- Laws, regulations and rules, Equality before the law -- Laws, regulations and rules, Affirmative action -- Laws, regulations and rules, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (438 U.S. 265 (1978)), Gratz v. Bollinger (539 U.S. 244 (2003)), Grutter v. Bollinger (539 U.S. 306 (2003)), Government regulation
Published
2004

29. The official World Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM) standards for recording and scoring periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) and wakefulness (PLMW) developed in collaboration with a task force from the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG)

Author

Zucconi, Marco, Ferri, Raffaele, Allen, Richard, Baier, Paul Christian, Bruni, Oliviero, Chokroverty, Sudhansu, Ferini-Strambi, Luigi, Fulda, Stephany, Garcia-Borreguero, Diego, Hening, Wayne A., Hirshkowitz, Max, Högl, Birgit, Hornyak, Magdolna, King, Martin, Montagna, Pasquale, Parrino, Liborio, Plazzi, Giuseppe, and Terzano, Mario G.

Published
2006
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30. A hardware demonstrator for TD-CDMA

Author

Weber, Tobias, Schlee, Johannes, Bahrenburg, Stefan, Baier, Paul Walter, Mayer, Jurgen, and Euscher, Christoph

Subjects
Wireless telecommunications equipment -- Analysis, Wireless telecommunications equipment -- Testing, Signal theory (Telecommunication) -- Analysis, Wireless telecommunications equipment, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries, Transportation industry
Abstract

In the early 1990s, investigations toward a novel air interface concept for third-generation mobile radio systems were started by the Research Group for RF Communications at the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. This air interface concept--now termed time division-code-division multiple access (TD-CDMA)--utilizes a combination of the three elementary multiple-access schemes: frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), time-division multiple access (TDMA) and CDMA. In TD-CDMA, the multiple-access interference typical of CDMA and the intersymbol interference (ISI) are combated by joint detection of all simultaneous signals of the same cell. Simulations showed that in this way, a high spectrum efficiency can be achieved. The authors were involved in the implementation of a first experimental hardware setup of a TD-CDMA mobile radio system in the framework of a project jointly performed by Siemens AG and the Research Group for RF Communications. Important objectives of this project were the demonstration of the economic feasibility of CDMA receivers utilizing joint detection and the performance verification of TD-CDMA by measurement campaigns. In the present paper, the authors present a new type of modeling the TD-CDMA receiver in the form of a data-flow model. As will be discussed in the paper, this model serves as a starting point of the systematic design of an efficient software architecture for TD-CDMA based on a multiprocessor system. It becomes evident that the complete digital signal processing (DSP) of a mobile terminal or base station, respectively, can be implemented on a single digital signal processor TMS320C80 manufactured by Texas Instruments. Finally, measurement results obtained by first field trials will be presented. The system parameters of the TD-CDMA demonstrator described in this paper are similar but not equal to those chosen for the time-division duplex (TDD) mode of the UMTS terrestrial air interface according to the ETSI decision taken in January 1998. Index Terms--Code-division multiple access (CDMA) hardware demonstrator, field trials, joint detection, time-division CDMA (TD-CDMA), UMTS.

Published
2002

42. Bed-sharing in couples is associated with increased and stabilized rem sleep and sleep-stage synchronization

Author

Zhang, Jihui, Drews, Henning Johannes, Wallot, Sebastian, Brysch, Philip, Berger-Johannsen, Hannah, Weinhold, Sara Lena, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Baier, Paul Christian, Lechinger, Julia, Roepstorff, Andreas, Göder, Robert, Zhang, Jihui, Drews, Henning Johannes, Wallot, Sebastian, Brysch, Philip, Berger-Johannsen, Hannah, Weinhold, Sara Lena, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Baier, Paul Christian, Lechinger, Julia, Roepstorff, Andreas, and Göder, Robert

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Sharing the bed with a partner is common among adults and impacts sleep quality with potential implications for mental health. However, hitherto findings are contradictory and particularly polysomnographic data on co-sleeping couples are extremely rare. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a bed partner's presence on individual and dyadic sleep neurophysiology. Methods: Young healthy heterosexual couples underwent sleep-lab-based polysomnography of two sleeping arrangements: individual sleep and co-sleep. Individual and dyadic sleep parameters (i.e., synchronization of sleep stages) were collected. The latter were assessed using cross-recurrence quantification analysis. Additionally, subjective sleep quality, relationship characteristics, and chronotype were monitored. Data were analyzed comparing co-sleep vs. individual sleep. Interaction effects of the sleeping arrangement with gender, chronotype, or relationship characteristics were moreover tested. Results: As compared to sleeping individually, co-sleeping was associated with about 10% more REM sleep, less fragmented REM sleep (p = 0.008), longer undisturbed REM fragments (p = 0.0006), and more limb movements (p = 0.007). None of the other sleep stages was significantly altered. Social support interacted with sleeping arrangement in a way that individuals with suboptimal social support showed the biggest impact of the sleeping arrangement on REM sleep. Sleep architectures were more synchronized between partners during co-sleep (p = 0.005) even if wake phases were excluded (p = 0.022). Moreover, sleep architectures are significantly coupled across a lag of ± 5min. Depth of relationship represented an additional significant main effect regarding synchronization, reflecting a positive association between the two. Neither REM sleep nor synchronization was influenced by gender, chronotype, or other relationship characteristics. Conclusion: Depending on the sleeping arrangement

Published
2020

43. Zero forcing and minimum mean-square-error equalization for multiuser detection in code-division multiple-access channels

Author

Klein, Anja, Kaleh, Ghassan Kawas, and Baier, Paul Walter

Subjects
Signal detection (Electronics) -- Methods, Filtering (Electronics) -- Methods, Mobile communication systems -- Models, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries, Transportation industry
Abstract

In code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems transmitting over time-varying multipath channels, both inter-symbol interference (ISI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) arise. The conventional suboptimum receiver consisting of a bank of matched filters is often inefficient because interference is treated as noise. The optimum multiuser detector is too complex to be implemented at present. In this paper, four suboptimum detection techniques based on zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) equalization with and without decision feedback (DF) are presented and compared. They combat both ISI and MAI. The computational complexity of all four equalizers is essentially the same. All four equalizers are independent of the size of the data symbol alphabet. It is shown that the performance of the MMSE equalizers is better than that of the corresponding ZF equalizers. Furthermore, the performance of the equalizers with DF is better than that of the corresponding equalizers without DF. The impairing effect of error propagation on the equalizers with DF is reduced by channel sorting.

Published
1996

46. Advantages of CDMA and spread spectrum techniques over FDMA and TDMA in cellular mobile radio applications

Author

Jung, Peter, Baier, Paul Walter, and Steil, Andreas

Subjects
Digital multiplexing -- Research, Cellular telephones -- Research, Mobile communication systems -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries, Transportation industry
Abstract

In this paper, a unified theoretical method for the calculation of the radio capacity of multiple-access schemes such as FDMA (frequency-division multiple access), TDMA (time-division multiple access), CDMA (code-division multiple access) and SSMA (spread-spectrum multiple access) in noncellular and cellular mobile radio systems shall be presented for AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channels. The theoretical equivalence of all the considered multiple-access schemes is found. However, in a fading multipath environment, which is typical for mobile radio applications, there are significant differences between these multiple-access schemes. These differences are discussed in an illustrative manner revealing several advantages of CDMA and SSMA over FDMA and TDMA. Furthermore, novel transmission and reception schemes called coherent multiple transmission (CMT) and coherent multiple reception (CMR) are briefly presented.

Published
1993

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