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291 results on '"Baier, F."'

3. Characterization of Non-reacting Swirling Flow in a Gas Turbine Fuel Injector

Author

Ghulam, M. M., Shen, Yazhou, Baier, F., Villalva, R. G., Karnam, A., Holpp, R., Lopez, O. R., Duwig, Christophe, Gutmark, E., Ghulam, M. M., Shen, Yazhou, Baier, F., Villalva, R. G., Karnam, A., Holpp, R., Lopez, O. R., Duwig, Christophe, and Gutmark, E.

Abstract

The current work investigates the swirling flow of a gas fuel injector utilized in the Lean Direct Injection (LDI) combustion system. Planer particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and large eddy simulation (LES) numerical analysis are conducted to have a profound understanding of the swirling flow characteristics. Specifically, the impacts of the level of confinement with a rectangular cross-section and different Reynolds number are examined. Increasing the Reynolds number increases the strength of swirling jets and reverse flow region. More significant changes occurred on the mean flowfield due to the confinement effect such as increasing the width of the reverse flow region and increasing/decreasing the size of the recirculation zones which in turn effects the inlet jet penetration. The inlet jet spreads at a larger angle as the size of the outer recirculation zone (ORZ) increases with the confinement ratio. The shape of the inner recirculation zone (IRZ) vortex structure on the unconfined flow is characterized to be a thin and short vortex and located on top of the nozzle exit, and it becomes thicker and longer vortex located further downstream from the nozzle exit upon confinement. The increased size of the IRZ vortex structure in confined cases is an indication of the increased thickness of the inner shear layer (ISL) that increases linearly as the confinement ratio increases. LES results reveled there is a connection channel between the reverse flow region and the ORZ of the swirling flow emanating from the multiple-jet LDI nozzle. Higher level of turbulence is associated with the location of the IRZ vortex structure. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis is preformed to extract coherent fluctuating flow features. The swirling flow of the LDI nozzle exhibits the single-helical and double-helical precessing vortex core (PVC) modes, with the first one being the most energetic mode. The general flow structure of the coherent single-helix PVC mode, Part of proceedings: ISBN 978-1-62410-609-5, QC 20230117

Published
2021
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11. STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF HETEROLOGOUS ANTISERA AGAINST SUBCELLULAR LYMPHOCYTE FRACTIONS

Author

Warnatz, H, Scheiffarth, F, and Baier, F

Abstract

Subcellular fractions of lymph node cells from rats were used for sensitization of rabbits. The antisera were examined for their immunosuppressive potency, for their ability to depress lymphocyte counts, to produce a lymphocytotoxic reaction in vitro, and to stimulate lymphocytes to blast cell formation. The results indicate that the potency of the antisera against subcellular lymphocyte fractions differed widely in these test systems. The most potent immunosuppressive antisera were those against the nuclear and the microsomal fractions. These antisera also showed the highest cytotoxic titres for lymphocytes in vitro. The antiserum against the soluble cell fraction, however, had the strongest mitogenic effect. The results suggest that lymphocytes contain antigens which induce strong cytotoxic antibodies and other antigens producing antibodies which stimulate lymphocytes to blast cell formation

Published
2022

13. Abstract P1-13-01: Final results of the ASG1-3 study, a randomized phase III study comparing a standard dose chemotherapy with epirubicin/cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel with a dose dense regimen with epirubicin and paclitaxel

Author

Fasching, PA, primary, Eggemann, H, additional, Krocker, J, additional, Häberle, L, additional, Volz, B, additional, Kleine-Tebbe, A, additional, Blohmer, J-U, additional, Kittel, K, additional, Hufnagel, M, additional, Janni, W, additional, Emons, G, additional, Simon, E, additional, Köhler, U, additional, Thomssen, C, additional, Kohls, A, additional, Beckmann, MW, additional, Hielscher, C, additional, Krabisch, P, additional, Zeiser, T, additional, Brodkorb, T, additional, Baier, F, additional, Nabieva, N, additional, Kellner, S, additional, Untch, M, additional, Stadie, S, additional, Budner, M, additional, Breitbach, G-P, additional, Keller, M, additional, Stickeler, E, additional, Kühn, T, additional, Tolkmitt, M, additional, Belau, AK, additional, Schmidt, M, additional, Ulm, K, additional, and Kümmel, S, additional

Published
2019
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18. Luminosity segregation in galaxy clusters as an indication of dynamical evolution

Author

Baier, F. W and Schmidt, K.-H

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Theoretical models describing the dynamical evolution of self-gravitating systems predict a spatial mass segregation for more evolved systems, with the more massive objects concentrated toward the center of the configuration. From the observational point of view, however, the existence of mass segregation in galaxy clusters seems to be a matter of controversy. A special problem in this connection is the formation of cD galaxies in the centers of galaxy clusters. The most promising scenarios of their formation are galaxy cannibalism (merger scenario) and growing by cooling flows. It seems to be plausible to consider the swallowing of smaller systems by a dominant galaxy as an important process in the evolution of a cD galaxy. The stage of the evolution of the dominant galaxy should be reflected by the surrounding galaxy population, especially by possible mass segregation effects. Assuming that mass segregation is tantamount to luminosity segregation we analyzed luminosity segregation in roughly 40 cD galaxy clusters. Obviously there are three different groups of clusters: (1) clusters with luminosity segregation, (2) clusters without luminosity segregation, and (3) such objects exhibiting a phenomenon which we call antisegregation in luminosity, i.e. a deficiency of bright galaxies in the central regions of clusters. This result is interpreted in the sense of different degrees of mass segregation and as an indication for different evolution stages of these clusters. The clusters are arranged in the three segregation classes 2, 1, and 0 (S2 = strong mass segregation, S1 = moderate mass segregation, S0 = weak or absent mass segregation). We assume that a galaxy cluster starts its dynamical evolution after virialization without any radial mass segregation. Energy exchange during encounters of cluster members as well as merger processes between cluster galaxies lead to an increasing radial mass segregation in the cluster (S1). If a certain degree of segregation (S2) has been established, an essential number of slow-moving and relative massive cluster members in the center will be cannibalized by the initial brightest cluster galaxy. This process should lead to the growing of the predominate galaxy, which is accompanied by a diminution of the mass segregation (transition to S1 and S0, respectively) in the neighborhood of the central very massive galaxy. An increase of the areal density of brighter galaxies towards the outer cluster regions (antisegregation of luminosity), i.e. an extreme low degree of mass segregation was estimated for a substantial percentage of cD clusters. This result favors the cannibalism scenario for the formation of cD galaxies.

Published
1993

35. Das internationale Endometriose Evaluations-Programm (IEEP) – eine Studie für Kliniker, Forscher und Patientinnen

Author

Brodkorb, T, primary, Fehm, T, additional, Burghaus, S, additional, Blum, S, additional, Baier, F, additional, Renner, SK, additional, Häberle, L, additional, Heusinger, K, additional, Hildebrandt, T, additional, Lermann, J, additional, Tchartchian, G, additional, Bojahr, B, additional, Porn, A, additional, Fleisch, M, additional, Reicke, S, additional, Füger, T, additional, Hartung, CP, additional, Hackl, J, additional, Fasching, PA, additional, Beckmann, MW, additional, and Renner, SP, additional

Published
2016
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38. The International Endometriosis Evaluation Program (IEEP Study) – A Systematic Study for Physicians, Researchers and Patients

Author

Burghaus, S., additional, Fehm, T., additional, Fasching, P., additional, Blum, S., additional, Renner, S., additional, Baier, F., additional, Brodkorb, T., additional, Fahlbusch, C., additional, Findeklee, S., additional, Häberle, L., additional, Heusinger, K., additional, Hildebrandt, T., additional, Lermann, J., additional, Strahl, O., additional, Tchartchian, G., additional, Bojahr, B., additional, Porn, A., additional, Fleisch, M., additional, Reicke, S., additional, Füger, T., additional, Hartung, C.-P., additional, Hackl, J., additional, and Beckmann, M., additional

Published
2016
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48. The MACC reanalysis: an 8-yr data set of atmospheric composition

Author

Inness, A., Baier, F., Flemming, J., George, M., Granier, C., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Huijnen, V., Hurtmans, D., Jones, L., Kaiser, J. W., Kapsomenakis, J., Lefever, K., Benedetti, A., Leitão, J., Razinger, M., Richter, A., Schultz, Martin, Simmons, A. J., Suttie, M., Stein, O., Thépaut, J. -N., Thouret, V., Vrekoussis, M., Bouarar, I., Zerefos, C., Chabrillat, S., Clark, H., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P., Engelen, R. J., and Errera, Q.

Subjects
ddc:550
Abstract

An eight-year long reanalysis of atmospheric composition data covering the period 2003–2010 was constructed as part of the FP7 funded Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project by assimilating satellite data into a global model and data assimilation system. This reanalysis provides fields of chemically reactive gases, namely carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde, as well as aerosols and greenhouse gases globally at a resolution of about 80 km for both the troposphere and the stratosphere. This paper describes the assimilation system for the reactive gases and presents validation results for the reactive gases analysis fields to document the dataset and to give a first indication of its quality. Tropospheric CO values from the MACC reanalysis are on average 10–20% lower than routine observations from commercial aircrafts over airports through most of the troposphere, and have larger negative biases in the boundary layer at urban sites affected by air pollution, possibly due to an underestimation of CO or precursor emissions. Stratospheric ozone fields from the MACC reanalysis agree with ozone sondes and ACE-FTS data to within ±10% in most situations. In the troposphere the reanalysis shows biases of −5% to +10% with respect to ozone sondes and aircraft data in the extratropics, but has larger negative biases in the tropics. Area averaged total column ozone agrees with ozone fields from a multi sensor reanalysis data set to within a few percent. NO2 fields from the reanalysis show the right seasonality over polluted urban areas of the NH and over tropical biomass burning areas, but underestimate wintertime NO2 maxima over anthropogenic pollution regions and overestimate NO2 in Northern and Southern Africa during the tropical biomass burning seasons. Tropospheric HCHO is well simulated in the MACC reanalysis even though no satellite data are assimilated. It shows good agreement with independent SCIAMACHY retrievals over regions dominated by biogenic emissions with some anthropogenic input, such as the Eastern US and China, and also over African regions influenced by biogenic sources and biomass burning.

Published
2012
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49. The MACC reanalysis: An 8-year data set of atmospheric composition

Author

Inness, Antje, Baier, F., Benedetti, Angela, Bouarar, I., Chabrillat, S., Clark, H., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P., Engelen, Richard, Errera, Q., Flemming, Johannes, George, M., Granier, C., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Huijnen, V., Hurtmans, D., Jones, Luke, Kaiser, J., Kapsomenakis, J., Lefever, K., Leitao, J., Razinger, Miha, Richter, A., Schultz, M.G., Simmons, Adrian, Suttie, Martin, Stein, O., Thépaut, Jean-Noël, Thouret, V., Vrekoussis, M., Zerefos, C., and team, the

Published
2012
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