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Background Intravascular injection represents the most severe complication in fat transplantation procedures. Currently, the prognosis for patients who suffer from blindness due to fat transplantation–induced ocular vascular occlusion is far from optimistic. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of arterial thrombolysis in the treatment of ocular vascular occlusion caused by fat transplantation. Methods We analyzed the data of 12 patients who underwent intraarterial thrombolysis and conservative treatments for facial autologous fat grafting–associated ocular vascular occlusion. Among the cases, there were 6 instances of ophthalmic artery embolism and 6 cases of central retinal artery occlusion. All patients suffered with sudden blindness, sometimes accompanied by eye pain, ptosis, strabismus, skin necrosis at the injection site, or cerebral microinfarction. They received symptomatic conservative treatments and intraarterial thrombolysis, encompassing mechanical vessel recanalization, vessel dilation, and dissolution of thrombus constituents. Results Following intraarterial thrombolysis, a noteworthy improvement in the blood flow of both the main trunk and peripheral branches of the ophthalmic artery was observed in the majority of patients when contrasted with their pretreatment status. One patient experienced a headache intraoperatively, while no significant discomfort was reported by the remaining patients. After conservative treatments and intraarterial thrombolysis, all patients experienced improvement in ocular symptoms, skin necrosis, and cerebral infarction. Three patients demonstrated improvement in visual acuity. These patients had surpassed the recommended time window for treatment, yet the occlusion of the ophthalmic artery was not complete. Conclusions Intraarterial thrombolysis combined with conservative treatments achieves early perfusion and is expected to promote visual recovery. Hospitals that possess the necessary treatment capabilities are encouraged to establish this therapeutic pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increasing popularity of cosmetic injections using various fillers and neuromodulators for facial rejuvenation has brought both new opportunities and challenges to this field. Aim: Our study was designed to employ bibliometric and visual analysis for a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of facial cosmetic injections, as well as to identify research trends and hotspots in this field. Methods: All publications covering facial cosmetic injection during 2002–2023 were retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science database. The VOSviewer 1.6.18 software and the online tool (http://bibliometric.com/) were applied to analyze the publication trend. Results: A total of 3797 articles related to facial cosmetic injection were identified during the period 2002–2023. The United States had the largest volume of publications (1520, 40.0%), followed by China (333, 8.8%) and Germany (282, 7.3%). Among the institutions and journals, the University of California system and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery accounted for the most papers related to facial cosmetic injection, respectively. Facial anatomy and injection techniques, prevention and management of complications, regenerative medicine, efficacy and safety of various soft‐tissue fillers, as well as botulinum toxin injections for facial rejuvenation were identified as hotspots for facial cosmetic injections. Conclusions: Facial cosmetic injections are showing an increasing trend in terms of both the number of published papers and operations performed. Despite the notable advancements in this field, numerous challenges persist, including safety concerns and the level of research evidence. With the emergence of novel technologies and materials, scholars from diverse countries and institutions should engage in more extensive collaboration, thereby directly expediting the progress of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let R be an ℓ-ring and let M n (R) be the matrix ring over R. An ℓ-ideal I of M n (R) is called hereditary if I = M n (I) for some ℓ-ideal I of R. In this paper, we consider the following question: Which conditions on R determine that any ℓ-ideal of M n (R) (n ⩾ 2) is hereditary? We first show that if R has the identity element 1 then all ℓ-ideals of M n (R) are hereditary. It is natural to guess that the result also holds for arbitrary ℓ-rings. However, using infinitesimal continuous function rings, we construct counterexamples to show that it is not the case if R does not contain 1. Finally, we answer the question completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]