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36. Glyphosate Resistance in Eleusine indica: Involvement of CYP71AK44in Addition to EPSPSGene Overexpression

Author

He, Sifen, Tian, Junhui, Ouyang, Yulan, Liao, Yuxi, Yu, Qin, Bai, Lianyang, and Pan, Lang

Abstract

Intensive application of glyphosate has resulted in resistance evolution in many weed populations, including Eleusine indica. This study characterized glyphosate resistance and investigated the underlying mechanisms in a glyphosate-resistant population (R-JX) of E. indicafrom China. The R-JX population was 8.5 times resistant to glyphosate relative to the glyphosate-susceptible population (SA). Point mutations were not observed in the target gene 5-enolypyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene (EPSPS). However, the expression level and copy number of EPSPSwere 8.8 times and 15.2 times, respectively, greater in R-JX than that in the SA population. Pre-application of the P450 inhibitor lowered the resistance level to glyphosate from 8.5 times to 3.6 times in the R-JX population. RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR revealed that the CYP71AK44gene was consistently upregulated in R-JX and five other glyphosate-resistant populations. Rice calli and seedlings overexpressing CYP71AK44showed glyphosate resistance. In conclusion, overexpression of the target EPSPSplus CYP71AK44collectively contributes to glyphosate resistance in these E. indicapopulations.

Published
2024
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42. A smart roof that transforms raindrops into agricultural spraying.

Author

Shen, Tao, Gao, Can, Deng, Xile, Liu, Shijie, Liu, Zhuoxing, Peng, Jia, Ma, Jie, Bai, Lianyang, Jiang, Lei, and Dong, Zhichao

Subjects
RAINDROPS, MICRODROPLETS, AGRICULTURE, CROPS
Abstract

We present a smart roof that makes fragmented droplets from the impact of raindrops on superhydrophobic meshes and utilizes the droplets for agricultural spraying. This facile method transforms raindrops or waterdrops into uniform microdroplets, which can both reduce crop lodging induced by heavy rainfall, and realize uniform spraying of pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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43. Multiomics Analysis of the Mechanism by Which Gibberellin Alleviates S-Metolachlor Toxicity in Rice Seedlings.

Author

Wang, Cong, Yang, Haona, Liu, Zhixuan, Bai, Lianyang, Wang, Lifeng, and Zhou, Shangfeng

Subjects
HERBICIDE resistance, PHYTOTOXICITY, PADDY fields, MULTIOMICS, FLAVONOIDS
Abstract

S-metolachlor is a selective pre-emergence herbicide used in dryland. However, it is challenging to employ in paddy fields due to its phytotoxic effects on rice. As a common phytohormone, Gibberellin-3 (GA3) is inferred to have the ability to alleviate herbicide phytotoxicity. This study first quantitatively verified the phytotoxicity of s-metolachlor to rice and then demonstrated the mitigative effect of GA3 on these adverse reactions. Furthermore, a transcriptome of rice seedlings subjected to different treatments was constructed to assemble the reference genes, followed by comparative metabolomics and proteomics analyses. Metabolomics revealed an enrichment of flavonoid metabolites in the group of adding GA3, and these flavonoids can eliminate ROS in plants. Proteomics analysis indicated that differential proteins were enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway responsible for the synthesis of flavonoids and that the functions of most differential proteins are associated with peroxidase. The proteome, combined with the transcriptome, revealed that the expressions of proteins and genes was related to the POD activity in the group of adding GA3. It was speculated that the elimination of ROS is key to alleviating the stress of s-metolachlor on rice growth. It was inferred that the mechanism of GA3 in alleviating the phytotoxicity of the substance s-metolachlor is by increasing the activity of the POD and influencing the growth of rice seedlings through the restoration of flavonoid synthesis. In this study, we screened GA3 as a safener to alleviate the phytotoxicity of s-metolachlor on rice. On this basis, the mechanism of alleviating phytotoxicity was studied. The application range of s-metolachlor might be expanded, providing a new supplementary method for weed control and herbicide resistance management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Molecular Mechanism of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Mediated Rice Tolerance to Imidazolinone Herbicide Imazamox.

Author

Li, Sifu, Hu, Shiyuan, Luo, Kai, Tang, Tao, Ma, Guolan, Liu, Ducai, Peng, Yajun, Liu, Yang, Zhang, Yuzhu, and Bai, Lianyang

Subjects
PQQ (Biochemistry), GENE expression, GENE families, RICE, SUPEROXIDE dismutase
Abstract

The Clearfield® technology is an useful tool for controlling weedy rice due to the effectiveness of imazamox and the cultivation of rice varieties resistant to imidazolines. However, residual imazamox in the soil probably causes phytotoxicity to subsequent non-resistant rice crops. We previously found that pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a bioactive elicitor, can enhance rice tolerance to imazamox. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of PQQ-mediated rice tolerance to imazamox by RNA-seq analysis, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay, and enzyme activity assay. The results indicated that compared to imazamox at 66.7 mg a.i./L (IMA) alone, rice plants treated with imazamox at 66.7 mg a.i./L and PQQ at 0.66 mg a.i./L (IMA + PQQ) exhibited significantly reduced sensitivity to imazamox. Seven days post-treatment, IMA + PQQ-treated rice plants showed partial chlorosis and leaf curling, but IMA-treated rice plants had severe wilting and died. The fresh weight inhibition rate was 29.3% in the IMA + PQQ group, significantly lower than that of 56.6% in the IMA group alone. RNA-seq analysis showed differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, and MAPK signaling pathways in response to IMA + PQQ treatment. Both RNA-seq analysis and RT-qPCR assay showed that the expression of OsCATB gene in the catalase (CAT) gene family was upregulated at 12 h, the expression of OsGSTU1 gene was upregulated at 12, 24, and 48 h, while the expressions of OsABCB2, OsABCB11, and OsABCG11 genes were upregulated at 24 and 48 h. Enzyme activity assays revealed that the activity of superoxide dismutase in the IMA + PQQ group was increased by 47.45~120.31% during 12~72 h, compared to that in the IMA group. CAT activity in the IMA + PQQ group was increased by 123.72 and 59.04% at 12 and 48 h, respectively. Moreover, malondialdehyde levels indicative of oxidative damage were consistently lower in IMA + PQQ-treated plants, with a reduction of 46.29, 11.37, and 14.50% at 12, 36, and 72 h, respectively. Overall, these findings discover that PQQ has potential in reducing imazamox phytotoxicity in rice by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and regulating oxidative stress responses. They will provide valuable strategies for improving imazamox tolerance in crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Serine hydroxymethyl transferase is a binding target of caprylic acid: Uncovering a novel molecular target for a herbicide and for producing caprylic acid-tolerant crops

Author

Li, Zuren, primary, Wang, Mugui, additional, Bai, Haodong, additional, Wang, Hongzhi, additional, Han, Jincai, additional, An, Likun, additional, Luo, Dingfeng, additional, Wang, Yingying, additional, Kuang, Wei, additional, Nie, Xiaoyi, additional, and Bai, Lianyang, additional

Published
2024
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