Search

Background Population aging is a major challenge in the global healthcare field. Due to pathological and physiological changes in ageing skin, skin injuries are highly prevalent in older population. And epidemiological studies on skin injuries in this population has become a research hotspot recently. Objective To examine the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of three types of skin injuries 〔pressure injuries (PI) , incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) and skin tears (ST) 〕in elderly inpatients using a multicenter cross-sectional study, providing a basis for formulating strategies for the prevention of skin injuries in older people. Methods A multicenter study was carried out in 52 hospitals selected from 16 provinces, two autonomous regions and two municipalities of China, from which 1 067 nurses who had completed the online homogenization training conducted by our research group and passed the relevant examination were selectedas investigators. Every 2-3 nurses were divided into a investigation group. Eligible older inpatients were selected as participants. Full body skin examination for screening skin injuries was conducted in participants in each hospital by nurses using the same tools and methods. PI, IAD and ST were defined and classified by relevant international guideline or expert consensus, respectively. Then demographics, length of stay (LOS) , chronic disease history, use of medications in the past month, living independence and risk of PI assessed by the Braden Scale of the participants were collected. After that, two nurses of each group signed to confirm the results, and uploaded to https://www.wjx.cn. SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 14 675 elderly inpatients were investigated, and all of them responded effectively (100.0%) . The respondents had an average age of (73.5±9.0) years and a median LOS of 7 (4, 13) days, among whom 56.3% (8 262/14 675) were men, and 43.7% (6 413/14 675) were women; 95.5% (14 020/14 675) were Han people, and 4.5% (655/14 675) were 19 ethnic minorities. The overall prevalence of the three types of skin injuries was 6.0% (881/14 675) , of which the prevalence of PI, IAD, ST and at least two types of skin injuries was 3.3% (484/14 675) , 1.4% (199/14 675) , 0.8% (110/14 675) and 0.6% (88/14 675) , respectively. Epidemiologic characteristics: Han people had higher prevalence of skin injuries compared with ethnic minorities (6.2% vs 2.9%, P=0.001) . Eighty-year-olds had higher prevalence of skin injuries than 71-80-year-old (10.2% vs 6.1%, P

Introduction: We performed a meta-analysis and an experimental validation to investigate the association between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the outcome of gastric cancer (GC) patients to provide prognostic indicators for clinical practice.Material and Methods: The relative literature of TILs in tumor tissue from patients with gastric cancer was searched from PubMed, Embase, NIH databases, from April 2000 to 31 December 2016. Studies on the prognostic value of TILs as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, GrB+, and FOXP3+ lymphocytes for GC were retrieved, and also the related references were traced as supplements. Independent screening documents, extracting information and evaluating quality were implemented independently by 2 evaluators according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were then analyzed by meta-analysis using STATA version 12.0 software.Results: The results indicated that high levels of intratumoral CD8+, CD3+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration were associated with better overall survival(OS) in gastric cancer patients, while high density of intratumoral FOXP3+ T cells was not closely associated with a worse outcome. Additionally, in our study, higher density of granzyme B+ (GrB+) T cell infiltration indicated an optimistic prognosis, and infiltration of a larger number of general TILs also suggested a favorable prognosis by log-rank test analysis.Conclusions: This meta-analysis clarified that high levels of CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue showed better OS in GC patients, whereas high density of FOXP3+ T cell infiltration may not be recognized as a negative prognostic factor. These results may provide some useful prognostic indicators for clinical application in gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We performed a meta-analysis and an experimental validation to investigate the association between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the outcome of gastric cancer (GC) patients to provide prognostic indicators for clinical practice., Material and Methods: The relative literature of TILs in tumor tissue from patients with gastric cancer was searched from PubMed, Embase, NIH databases, from April 2000 to 31 December 2016. Studies on the prognostic value of TILs as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, GrB+, and FOXP3+ lymphocytes for GC were retrieved, and also the related references were traced as supplements. Independent screening documents, extracting information and evaluating quality were implemented independently by 2 evaluators according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were then analyzed by meta-analysis using STATA version 12.0 software., Results: The results indicated that high levels of intratumoral CD8+, CD3+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration were associated with better overall survival(OS) in gastric cancer patients, while high density of intratumoral FOXP3+ T cells was not closely associated with a worse outcome. Additionally, in our study, higher density of granzyme B+ (GrB+) T cell infiltration indicated an optimistic prognosis, and infiltration of a larger number of general TILs also suggested a favorable prognosis by log-rank test analysis., Conclusions: This meta-analysis clarified that high levels of CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissue showed better OS in GC patients, whereas high density of FOXP3+ T cell infiltration may not be recognized as a negative prognostic factor. These results may provide some useful prognostic indicators for clinical application in gastric cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2019 Termedia & Banach.)

Advances in animal models of retinoblastoma have accelerated the research in understanding tumor biology and assessing therapeutic modalities. At present, there are two types of models:transgenic models and xenograft models. The transgenic models have experienced a developmental process from LH-β-Tag models to conditional gene knock-out models. The xenograft models included intraocular transplantation models and subcutaneous transplantation models. The two types of RB models both have their merits and drawbacks. The combination of genetic and xenograft models in retinoblastoma research has and will help to pave way for better understanding tumor progression and searching more effective diagnosis and treatment modalities. In this review, we summarized the recent research progress in animal models of retinoblastoma and their application in assessing therapeutic modalities.