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The particle flow code method based on the discrete element method was used to establish the seepage migration model of fine particles [fine particles (FPs), i.e., suspended particles] in a porous medium. A series of numerical simulations were carried out by changing the particle size, seepage velocity, particle injection number, and wide particle size gradation. The research showed that large FPs play a major role in blocking porous medium channels when the injected FPs have a wide size gradation. Due to the blocking effect, small FPs that would not otherwise have deposited also deposit. Moreover, by increasing the number of large FPs in the mixed particles, the total number of particles deposited and the number of smaller FPs deposited will also increase. The distribution of FPs in porous mediums can be divided into three types: surface deposition, internal deposition, and non-deposition. When the seepage velocity increases and reaches a seepage threshold, which is the critical seepage velocity, the deposited FPs will once again be in a suspended state and undergo migration. On the contrary, the FPs will continue to maintain their sedimentary state, and the critical seepage velocity will also increase correspondingly with increasing particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the influence of income level on fertility intention of migrant women in China, and to provide theoretical support for the formulation and implementation of supporting measures to enhance the fertility intention of migrant women. Methods Based on the survey data of health and family planning of floating population in 2018, the influence of income level on fertility intention of migrant women was analyzed by ologist regression model, and robustness test and heterogeneity test were carried out. Results The results of ologist model regression analysis showed that the income level had a significant positive effect on the fertility intention of migrant women (OR = 1.182, 95% CI: 1.096-1.274, P < 0.01). The robustness test and heterogeneity test showed that the positive effect of income level remained stable. Conclusion Migrant women with higher income levels have higher fertility intention, and income levels have a positive effect on the fertility intention of migrant women. This suggests that a variety of measures including raising the income level on all fronts could be taken to enhance the fertility intention of migrant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coupled transport model of thermo-hydro-mechanical two-phase flow in saturated porous media was established based on granular thermodynamics and Newton's second law. This model includes the entropy change generated by material entering and exiting the open system, as well as the solid-liquid relative velocity in the dissipative system, to derive the seepage field equation. Furthermore, it accounted for thermal conduction, porosity changes resulting from suspended particle deposition and soil deformation, and the adsorption-desorption of pollutants by soil particles and suspended particles. To evaluate the model, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. Subsequently, the calculated and experimental results are compared by various scenarios, including different types of pollutants, injection concentrations, and initial seepage velocities. The results indicated that this model accurately describes the transport process and residual distribution of pollutants, as well as the continuous injection of coupled two-phase flow, and effectively predicted the coupled transport process of pollutants and suspended particles, which has strong practicality. [Display omitted] • The seepage flow equation for pollutants was derived based on granular thermodynamics. • The model considered the changes in porosity caused by soil deformation and suspended particle deposition. • A coupled transport model was developed based on the adsorption-desorption ability of soil particles and suspended particles. • The model can accurately predict the coupled transport process and residual distribution of pollutants and suspended particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite‐type rare earth nickelates based memristor have recently attracted extensive attention in the field of novel storage computing due to their special electronic structure and exotic physical properties. However, there is still a shortage of memristors with ultra‐high stability performance, which will provide a solid foundation for future neural network computing with high accuracy recognition rates. Here, a GdNiO3‐based interfacial memristor is presented, which possesses ultra‐high stable performance, such as electroforming‐free, low device‐to‐device variation, reliable cyclic switching, high on/off ratio (≈104) and stable pulse modulation of conduction. Combined with the comprehensive microstructure results, this behavior is ascribed to the interface Schottky barrier variation caused by the 1D oxygen vacancy channel conduction according to the transmission electron microscopy results. In particular, based on the device's stable pulse modulation plasticity performance, the study also succeeds in achieving highly accurate neural firing pattern recognition up to ≈99.75% accuracy and monitoring of pattern transitions by implementing a reservoir computing system based on the device. This research advances the progress of nickelates in novel storage computing and paves the way for future efficient memristor‐based reservoir computing systems to handle more complex temporal tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigated the effect of geometric structural parameters on flow patterns and pressure drops and gas–liquid mixing effects of gas–liquid mixing devices. The computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used to calculate the airflow inside the mixer of a compressed air–foam gas–liquid mixing device with different cone angles, foam flow rates, air inlet inclination angles, and pipeline diameters. The results obtained are the pressure distribution, the liquid volume fraction, and the liquid phase streamlines in the mixing device. The numerical simulation results showed that for a gas–liquid mixing device, the optimal inlet inclination angle was 60°–70°, and the mixing effect of an equal diameter mixer was better than that of a variable diameter mixer, but it would reduce the mixing efficiency of the air and foam. The optimal pipeline diameter of the conveying pipeline was 190 mm, and the optimal cone angle of the mixing device was 55°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study the intrinsic mechanical contributions of poled piezoelectric ceramics under the three ferroelectric phases [tetragonal (4 mm), rhombohedral (3 m) and orthorhombic (mm2)]. The intrinsic elastic coefficients and spontaneous strains of saturated and unsaturated poling piezoelectric ceramics are analyzed and calculated by probability density functions of orientation (PDFOs) and Reuss or Voigt average, and the analytical results of the intrinsic mechanical properties of piezoelectric ceramics with the poling degree are obtained. In addition, this paper also calculates the Young's modulus and shear modulus of barium titanate (BaTiO3) piezoelectric ceramics by PDFO which are based on the Reuss, Voigt and Hill averages. Comparing them with the published theoretical calculation data shows that the results calculated by the finite element method under the saturated and unsaturated poling states are within the range of the results calculated by us using the three average theories through PDFO, and it shows the accuracy of calculation by PDFO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the efficiency and accuracy of water quality model parameter calibration and avoid local optima and the phenomenon in which different parameters have the same effect, this paper proposed a novel Bayesian‐based water quality model parameter calibration method. Using Bayesian inference, the parameter calibration problem was converted into a posterior probability function sampling problem, which was sampled using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The convergence speed of the calibration was further improved by setting the optimized initial sampling value. The influences of the initial sampling value, Markov chain length, and proposal distribution form on the calibration effect were evaluated using four specific cases. The results indicate that (1) the mean relative error (MRE) of the parameter calibration results of this method is less than 10%, with the calibration MRE of Dx and Dy being 5.3% and 8.3%, respectively; (2) when the parameter sensitivity is low, the calibration effect of this method is relatively poor, with a calibration MRE of 46% for k; (3) the parameter calibration can be completed more efficiently by setting an optimized initial value for the MCMC, choosing a reasonable Markov chain length and a suitable proposal distribution form. Practitioner Points: Bayesian‐based water quality model parameter calibration method is proposed and posterior probability distribution was sampled using the MCMC algorithm.Parameter calibration can be completed more efficiently by setting an optimized initial value for the MCMC. As a result, efficient and accurate parameter calibration of water quality models was achieved.This method is widely applicable to various models, and the calibration speed depends on the calculation speed of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxide–zeolite (OXZEO) catalyst design concept has been demonstrated in an increasing number of studies as an alternative avenue for direct syngas conversion to light olefins. We report that face‐centered cubic (FCC) MnGaOx‐Spinel gives 40 % CO conversion, 81 % light olefins selectivity, and a 0.17 g gcat−1 h−1 space‐time yield of light olefins in combination with SAPO‐18. In comparison, solid solution MnGaOx (characterized by Mn‐doped hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) Ga2O3) with a similar chemical composition gives a much inferior activity, i.e. the specific surface activity is one order of magnitude lower than the spinel oxide. Photoluminescence (PL), in situ Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the superior activity of MnGaOx‐Spinel can be attributed to its higher reducibility (higher concentration of oxygen vacancies) and the presence of coordinatively unsaturated Ga3+ sites, which facilitates the dissociation of the C−O bond via a more efficient ketene–acetate pathway to light olefins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxide–zeolite (OXZEO) catalyst design concept has been demonstrated in an increasing number of studies as an alternative avenue for direct syngas conversion to light olefins. We report that face‐centered cubic (FCC) MnGaOx‐Spinel gives 40 % CO conversion, 81 % light olefins selectivity, and a 0.17 g gcat−1 h−1 space‐time yield of light olefins in combination with SAPO‐18. In comparison, solid solution MnGaOx (characterized by Mn‐doped hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) Ga2O3) with a similar chemical composition gives a much inferior activity, i.e. the specific surface activity is one order of magnitude lower than the spinel oxide. Photoluminescence (PL), in situ Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the superior activity of MnGaOx‐Spinel can be attributed to its higher reducibility (higher concentration of oxygen vacancies) and the presence of coordinatively unsaturated Ga3+ sites, which facilitates the dissociation of the C−O bond via a more efficient ketene–acetate pathway to light olefins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodology is proposed to introduce knowledge graphs into the study of the Chinese cultural field for use in a newly designed, complete application. At present, the combination of culture and information technology has become a trend. Among various technologies, knowledge graphs are a very promising option. The contributions of this paper are as follows: it supplies for the first time a knowledge graph in the cultural field of the ancient capital of Beijing, establishes a domain knowledge base, and develops a platform for visual analysis and interactive question and answer. In this process, a framework for applying knowledge graphs to research in the cultural field is summarized, providing ideas for research in the cultural field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy-metal (Cd, Hg, and Pb)-containing semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been explored widely due to their unique optical and electrical properties. However, the toxicity risks of heavy metals can be a drawback of heavy-metal-containing NCs in some applications. Anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs are desirable replacements and can be realized following the establishment of anisotropic growth mechanisms. These anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs can possess lower toxicity risks, while still exhibiting unique optical and electrical properties originating from both the morphological and compositional anisotropy. As a result, they are promising light-emitting materials in use various applications. In this review, we provide an overview on the syntheses, properties, and applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs. In the first section, we discuss hazards of heavy metals and introduce the typical heavy-metal-containing and heavy-metal-free NCs. In the next section, we discuss anisotropic growth mechanisms, including solution–liquid–solid (SLS), oriented attachment, ripening, templated-assisted growth, and others. We discuss mechanisms leading both to morphological anisotropy and to compositional anisotropy. Examples of morphological anisotropy include growth of nanorods (NRs)/nanowires (NWs), nanotubes, nanoplatelets (NPLs)/nanosheets, nanocubes, and branched structures. Examples of compositional anisotropy, including heterostructures and core/shell structures, are summarized. Third, we provide insights into the properties of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs including optical polarization, fast electron transfer, localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR), and so on, which originate from the NCs' anisotropic morphologies and compositions. Finally, we summarize some applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs including catalysis, solar cells, photodetectors, lighting-emitting diodes (LEDs), and biological applications. Despite the huge progress on the syntheses and applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs, some issues still exist in the novel anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs and the corresponding energy conversion applications. Therefore, we also discuss the challenges of this field and provide possible solutions to tackle these challenges in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed maturation is the developmental process that prepares the embryo for the desiccated waiting period before germination. It is associated with a series of physiological changes leading to the establishment of seed dormancy, seed longevity, and desiccation tolerance. We studied translational changes during seed maturation and observed a gradual reduction in global translation during seed maturation. Transcriptome and translatome profiling revealed specific reduction in the translation of thousands of genes. By including previously published data on germination and seedling establishment, a regulatory network based on polysome occupancy data was constructed: SeedTransNet. Network analysis predicted translational regulatory pathways involving hundreds of genes with distinct functions. The network identified specific transcript sequence features suggesting separate translational regulatory circuits. The network revealed several seed maturation-associated genes as central nodes, and this was confirmed by specific seed phenotypes of the respective mutants. One of the regulators identified, an AWPM19 family protein, PM19-Like1 (PM19L1), was shown to regulate seed dormancy and longevity. This putative RNA-binding protein also affects the translational regulation of its target mRNA, as identified by SeedTransNet. Our data show the usefulness of SeedTransNet in identifying regulatory pathways during seed phase transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cuiguan pear is called "June snow" and the skin is thin; the meat is crisp and juicy; the taste is thick and fresh; and the juice is rich and sweet. In this study, the volatile organic compounds and the sensory and physicochemical parameters of the Cuiguan pear from four different regions of China (Sichuan (SC), Shangdong (SD), Chongming (CM), Zhuanghang (ZH)) were assessed. The highest differences in the physicochemical parameters were observed between four regions. The volatile fingerprints of GC-IMS showed great differences in the volatile of the Cuiguan pear, which suggested that the aroma of pears could be largely impacted by origin areas. (E)-ethyl-2-hexenoate can be used to distinguish between the 'CM' and pears from other regions. High contents of 2-heptanone, 1-pentanol, 1-butanol, 3-methylbutanol, butyl 2-methylbutanoate, heptyl acetate and butyl acetate were observed in the 'SD'. Dimethyl trisulfide, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 1-penten-3-one, beta-pinene, γ-terpinene, propanal, (e)-2-pentenal, (e)-2-heptenal, 1-pentanol and 3-methyl-1-pentanol were primarily contained in the 'ZH'. Principal component analysis showed that there was very good discrimination based on the information obtained from GC-IMS for four samples. These findings were in agreement with the sensory analysis. In the opinion of the respondents to the consumer test, 'ZH' resulted in the most appreciated sample based on the average scores of the acceptability. This study provides some reference for the development and utilization of the Cuiguan pear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteosarcoma is well‐established as the most common bone cancer in children and adolescents. Patients with localized disease have different prognoses and management than those with metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to explore potential risk factors for metastatic disease. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database was used to identify patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma between 2004 and 2015. We developed prediction models for distant metastasis using six machine learning (ML) techniques, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaussianNB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and k‐nearest neighbor algorithm (kNN). The adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) technique was used to deal with imbalanced data. The Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) analysis generated visualized explanations for each patient. Finally, the average precision (AP), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score, precision‐recall curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were conducted to evaluate the models' effectiveness. Results: The six machine learning algorithms achieved AP of 0.661–0.781 for predicting distant metastasis. The RF model yielded the best performance with an accuracy of 71.8 percent and an AP of 0.781 and was highly dependent on tumor size, primary surgery, and age. SHAP analysis provided model‐independent interpretation, highlighting significant clinical factors associated with the risk of metastasis in osteosarcoma patients. Conclusions: An accurate machine learning‐based prediction model was established for metastasis in osteosarcoma patients to help clinicians during clinical decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) has become multidrug-resistant (MDR) in recent years, and, currently, there are limited effective treatment options. Nutrient metals (e.g. iron) are essential to the metabolic functions of AB. This study examined the impact of iron chelation on the growth of AB in vitro and in vivo. Susceptible and MDR-AB bloodstream isolates (n  = 9) were recovered from different patients between 2011 and 2018. Clonal diversity was ascertained by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro bacterial densities were measured over 20 h to determine growth profiles. Variable amounts of a chelating agent [deferiprone (DFP)] were added to create a concentration gradient. Galleria mellonella larvae were inoculated with an isolate, with and without DFP. Quantitative culture was used to ascertain the bacterial burden of aggregate larvae immediately and 4 h post-infection. Increasing concentrations of DFP caused a transient and concentration-dependent hindrance to in vitro growth, compared to the no-treatment group. In vivo bacterial burden immediately post-infection in both groups was comparable. After 4 h, the burden was much higher in the control group comparatively (8.7 and 6.7 log CFU g−1). These results support that micro-nutrient limitation has the potential of being a novel approach for treating high-risk infections due to MDR-AB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade has witnessed extensive breakthroughs and significant progress in atomically flat two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) in terms of synthesis, growth mechanisms, optical and electronic properties and practical applications. Such NPLs have electronic structures similar to those of quantum wells in which excitons are predominantly confined along the vertical direction, while electrons are free to move in the lateral directions, resulting in unique optical properties, such as extremely narrow emission line width, short photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, high gain coefficient, and giant oscillator strength transition (GOST). These unique optical properties make NPLs favorable for high color purity light-emitting applications, in particular in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), backlights for liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and lasers. This review article first introduces the intrinsic characteristics of 2D semiconductor NPLs with atomic flatness. Subsequently, the approaches and mechanisms for the controlled synthesis of atomically flat NPLs are summarized followed by an insight on recent progress in the mediation of core/shell, core/crown and core/crown@shell structures by selective epitaxial growth of passivation layers on different planes of NPLs. Moreover, an overview of the unique optical properties and the associated light-emitting applications is elaborated. Despite great progress in this research field, there are some issues relating to heavy metal elements such as Cd2+ in NPLs, and the ambiguous gain mechanisms of NPLs and others are the main obstacles that prevent NPLs from widespread applications. Therefore, a perspective is included at the end of this review article, in which the current challenges in this stimulating research field are discussed and possible solutions to tackle these challenges are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze key hub genes related to pyroptosis in gout and construct a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network using bioinformatic tools to elucidate the pathogenesis of gout and offer novel ideas to develop targeted therapeutic strategies for gout. Methods: The GSE160170 dataset was downloaded from the GEO database. The expression data extracted from the dataset were used to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which intersected with pyroptosis-related genes. These DEGs were analyzed via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify pyroptosis-related hub DEGs. The relationship between upstream miRNAs and the hub genes was analyzed, miRNA-mRNA networks belonging to gout disease were constructed and samples from patients with gout were used for experimental verification. The CTDbase tool was used to analyze the identified hub genes and construct a molecular docking model. Results: A total of 943 DEGs (380 upregulated and 563 downregulated) were identified by analyzing the data of patients with early-stage gout and healthy control individuals in the GSE160170 dataset. DEGs and pyroptosis-related genes were intersected to obtain 17 pyroptosis-related DEGs associated with gout; of which, 12 were upregulated, and five were downregulated. The results of GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the DEGs were enriched in inflammatory and immune signaling pathways. Additionally, the DEGs were found to regulate inflammatory responses and were associated with apoptosis. TNF, IL-1β, NLRP3, CXCL8, PTGS2, NFE2L2, CASP8, and CD274 were identified as key hub genes in the PPI network, and a miRNA-mRNA network was constructed, which had 16 edges. Experimental validation revealed that PTGS2 and NFE2L2 were significantly upregulated, and CASP8 and CD274 were significantly downregulated in gout. In addition, miR-128-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-20a-5p (associated with the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network) were significantly downregulated in gout. Five potential therapeutic drugs with stable PTGS2 binding were selected to develop a molecular docking model. Conclusion: A miRNA-mRNA potential regulatory network was constructed based on pyroptosis-related DEGs associated with gout. miR-16-5p, miR-128-3p, miR-20a-5p, and miR-155-5p can potentially influence pyroptosis and the occurrence and development of gout by affecting the expression of the PTGS2, CASP8, NFE2L2, and CD274 genes. Screening of celecoxib and resveratrol and other targeted drugs with stable binding. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of gout and may help to identify Biomarkers and develop targeted therapeutic strategies for gout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With repeated changes to local crop residue disposal policies in recent years, the distribution and density of crop residue fire events have been irregular in both space and time. A nonlinear and complex relationship between natural and anthropogenic factors often affects the occurrence of crop residue field fires. To overcome this difficulty, we used the Himawari-8 wildfire data for 2018–2021 to verify the likelihood of crop residue fires against the results of three machine learning methods: logistic regression, backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and decision tree (DT). The results showed the verified accuracies of BPNN and DT methods were 68.59 and 79.59%. Meantime, the sensitivity and specificity of DT performed the best, with the value of area under the curve (AUC) 0.82. Furthermore, among all the influencing factors, open burning prohibition constraints, relative humidity and air pressure showed significant correlations with open burning events. As such, BPNN and DT could accurately forecast the occurrence of agricultural fires. The results presented here may improve the ability to forecast agricultural field fires and provide important advances in understanding fire formation in Northeastern China. They would also provide scientific and technical support for crop fire control and air quality forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With people's attention to physical health and health preservation, more and more people practice Taijiquan to achieve the purpose of physical fitness and self-cultivation. However, many people do not fully understand the principles of Taijiquan in the early stage of practicing Taijiquan, rely on imitation to practice, and ignore the action essentials and characteristics of Taijiquan, resulting in joint pain. At the same time, many beginners ignore the causes of these situations, resulting in joint damage. Therefore, this paper proposes the research on the joint injury of Taijiquan based on computer image analysis and carries out the dependent research and analysis through the joint image processing model based on the improved Robert's edge detection algorithm. The experimental results show that the action cycle time of wrong action is longer than the total time of correct action due to the increase of action displacement, and the long displacement distance increases the pressure on the knee joint and improves the probability of knee joint damage. In addition, there are obvious differences between wrong action and correct action in knee adduction and abduction, flexion and extension, internal rotation, and external angle. Wrong action knee joint movement does not conform to the natural movement law of human body, which increases the pressure or tension to the knee joint and surrounding related tissues and improves the probability of knee joint damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improving the health status of users through the use of digital health information systems has drawn the attention of practitioners and academics under the tide of the digital revolution, specifically in the time of global pandemic of COVID-19, and as a result, online medical consultation has developed rapidly. Purpose: Empirical studies, however, are lacking in terms of gaining insight into use digital health information system driven by the digital revolution under COVID-19 and identifying the factors for retaining users and encouraging their continuing use. To solve this problem, this study seeks to explore the factors that influence users' intention to use digital health information system. Methods: This study extended the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model by introducing components of perceived risks into the model. Structural equation modeling was adopted to evaluate the research model based on an empirical survey of 241 users in China. Results: As indicated by the results, users' continuance usage behavior to digital health information system is shaped by intention to use and facilitating conditions, with effort expectancy, social influence, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment exerting indirect positive effects on continuance usage behavior via intention to use. In contrast, perceived risk and perceived cost have indirect negative impact on continuance usage behavior. Conclusion: The findings of this study can not only help the practitioners better understand the users' continuance usage behavior towards digital health information system driven by digital revolution in the time of COVID-19 pandemic and further tap into the potential market but also make up the short of traditional technology acceptance model explanatory by the extended UTAUT model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important soybean pest in North America. In this study, A. glycines was fed on detached leaves of Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae) at 20, 23, 26, 29, and 32 °C under 3 rearing methods: leaf-disc method, filter paper method, and moisturized cotton method. Aphis glycines life parameters, including nymph stage duration, adult lifespan, adult fecundity, adult body size, and intrinsic rate of increase were measured. There were no significant differences in nymph stage duration among these rearing methods at 20 to 32 °C. Within this temperature range, the filter paper method and the moisturized cotton method resulted in similar or greater adult lifespans, adult fecundities, adult body sizes, and intrinsic rates of increase in comparison to the leaf-disc method. When nymphs of A. glycines were reared at 20 to 29 °C, the experimental labor required for the moisturized cotton method was less than that for the filter paper method and the leaf-disc method. Considering the development, reproduction, and experimental labor, the moisturized cotton method is recommended as a good detached leaf method for rearing individual A. glycines. These conclusions will be useful and informational for researchers who study A. glycines, especially when selecting methods to rear A. glycines individually in the laboratory. El pulgón de la soja, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), es una plaga importante de la soja en América del Norte. En este estudio, A. glycines fue alimentado con hojas desprendidas de Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae) a 20, 23, 26, 29 y 32 °C bajo 3 métodos de crianza: método de disco de hoja, método de papel de filtro y método de algodón humedecido. Se midieron los parámetros de vida del A. glycines, incluyendo la duración de la estadio del ninfa, la duración de vida de los adultos, la fecundidad, el tamaño corporal adulto y la tasa intrínseca de aumento. No hubo diferencias significativas en la duración del estadio de ninfa entre estos métodos de crianza a 20 a 32 °C. Dentro de este rango de temperatura, el método del papel de filtro y el método del algodón humedecido dieron resultados similares o mayores sobre la duración de vida de los adultos, la fecundidad, el tamaño corporal de adultos y la tasa intrínseca de aumento en comparación con el método del disco de hoja. Cuando se criaron las ninfas a una temperatura de 20 a 29 °C, el trabajo experimental requerido para el método del algodón humedecido fue menor que los métodos del papel de filtro y del disco de hoja. Teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo, la reproducción y el trabajo experimental, se recomienda el método del algodón humedecido como un buen método de hojas sueltas para criar los individuales de A. glycines. Estas conclusiones serán útiles e informativas para los investigadores que estudian A. glycines, especialmente al seleccionar métodos para criar A. glycines individualmente en el laboratorio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiments were performed to investigate the corrosion behavior of 15CrMo steel in the saline (Na2SiO3) water/steam. The samples was analysed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrum (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that the dissolved Na2SiO3 in the steam/liquid phase has obvious effects on the corrosion. In the steam phase, the main corrosion products are crystal NaFe(SiO3) and Fe3O4. The stick-shaped microstructures (T = 280°C) are gradually converted to acicular-shaped microstructure (T = 320°C). The acicular structures connect with each other under higher temperature (T = 360°C). The relative contents of elemental Fe are 65.65%, 65.39% and 66.5% under the three temperatures, which present little changes. In the liquid phase, the main corrosion product in matrix phase is only NaFe(Si2O6) regardless of temperature. The surface is covered by scattered clusters with branches in radical pattern. The clusters accumulated gradually with temperature increasing. The relative content of elemental Fe decreases from 38.11% to 24.69%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioavailability assessment of heavy metals in compost products is crucial for evaluating associated environmental risks. However, existing experimental methods are time-consuming and inefficient. The machine learning (ML) method has demonstrated excellent performance in predicting heavy metal fractions. In this study, based on the conventional physicochemical properties of 260 compost samples, including compost time, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, organic matter (OM), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen, and total heavy metal contents, back propagation neural network, gradient boosting regression, and random forest (RF) models were used to predict the dynamic changes in bioavailable fractions of Cu and Zn during composting. All three models could be used for effective prediction of the variation trend in bioavailable fractions of Cu and Zn; the RF model showed the best prediction performance, with the prediction level higher than that reported in related studies. Although the key factors affecting changes among fractions were different, OM, EC, and TP were important for the accurate prediction of bioavailable fractions of Cu and Zn. This study provides simple and efficient ML models for predicting bioavailable fractions of Cu and Zn during composting, and offers a rapid evaluation method for the safe application of compost products. [Display omitted] • Zn has a higher bioavailability than Cu, Exc-Zn is the main component of Zn. • Random forest model has best ability in predicting available fractions of Cu and Zn. • OM was the most important factor in predicting the available fractions of Cu. • TP and OM showed the greatest effect on the prediction of Zn available fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) co-contamination is widespread and threatens human health, therefore it is important to investigate the bioavailability of Cd and As co-exposure. Currently, the interactions of Cd and As by in vitro assays are unknown. In this work, we studied the concurrent Cd-As release behaviors and interactions with in vitro simulated gastric bio-fluid assays. The studies demonstrated that As bioaccessibility (2.04 to 0.18 ± 0.03%) decreased with Cd addition compared to the As(V) single system, while Cd bioaccessibility (11.02 to 39.08 ± 1.91%) increased with As addition compared to the Cd single system. Release of Cd and As is coupled to proton-promoted and reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite. The As(V) is released and reduced to As(Ⅲ) by pepsin. Pepsin formed soluble complexes with Cd and As. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that Cd and As formed Fe-As-Cd ternary complexes on ferrihydrite surfaces. The coordination intensity of As-O-Cd is lower than that of As-O-Fe, resulting in more Cd release from Fe-As-Cd ternary complexes. Our study deepens the understanding of health risks from Cd and As interactions during environmental co-exposure of multiple metal(loid)s. [Display omitted] • The enhanced Cd bioaccessibility is attributed to ligand strength decrease. • The reduced As bioaccessibility is due to the formation of ternary complexes. • Pepsin forms complexes with Cd and As simultaneously occurs redox with As and Fe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To clarify the corrosion mechanism of 15CrMo in saline (Na2SO4) steam, the experiments were conducted on a novel setup. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicate that insoluble sulfide, FexSy, would form on the gas‐phase corroded surface while it would not occur on the liquid‐phase corroded surface. The salinity of water/steam has a destructive effect on hydrogen bonds. Compared with deionized steam/water, salinity accelerates the corrosion of steel in two ways electric current intensification in primary cell and energy promotion of the solution system. FeOOH does not change obviously with the increase of salt concentration. The relative variation values of FeOOH content with salt concentration are only 2.43% (gas) and 3.40% (liquid), respectively. Besides, the FeOOH content on the liquid‐phase corroded surface is much greater than that on the gas‐phase corroded surface regardless of the salt concentration. The content of Fe3O4 in the gas/liquid phase decreases from 17.01%/24.58% to 6.02%/18.30%. The Fe2O3 content in the gas/liquid phase increases from 40.12%/9.85% to 73.62%/17.05%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boost converters with a ferrite core are widely used in neurostimulators. However, there may be some problems if it is used in a strong magnetic field because the saturation of the ferrite core leads to a serious decline in the inductance value. To evaluate whether a converter can work normally in a strong magnetic field, it is critical to obtain the lower limit value of the inductance of the converter. Besides, small inductance is easy to fit the small volume of a converter and is also safe in some special scenarios. Therefore, this paper is mainly devoted to establishing the minimum inductance design criterion of boost converters with a pulse load. The operational modes and equivalent circuit considering the parasitic resistance of boost converter components are presented. Then the mathematical formula for the minimal inductance value is derived through theoretical analysis of the components' current and output voltage. A digital simulation model of a boost converter is established to verify the theoretical analysis. Sets of comparison curves between the theoretical analysis and the simulation show that their results are in good agreement verifying the feasibility of the proposed method. The results in this paper provide theoretical support for the compatibility of converters containing a ferrite core inductor in a strong magnetic field and for the design requirement of a converter with a little volume inductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The pollutant seepage equation is derived based on granular thermodynamics. • The model considers thermal diffusion effects, thermal seepage effects, and temperature-driven effects. • The model takes into account the deposition effects and adsorption-desorption modes of two-phase flow in porous media, as well as the resulting changes in the porosity of the porous media. • The model accurately describes the transport characteristics of two-phase flow in saturated porous media under temperature driving. The temperature-driven effects on pollutant transport are significant, including thermal diffusion of pollutants, thermal osmosis of solutions, thermal motion of suspended particles, and other deformation and transformation processes. The pollutant seepage field equation was derived based on granular thermodynamics, and the motion equation of suspended particles was derived from Newton's second law. A comprehensive coupled transport model for the two-phase flow of pollutants and suspended particles in saturated porous media was established, which can effectively consider the impact of temperature driving. The model accurately described the coupled transport process of pollutants and suspended particles under different temperatures and particle sizes during single-pulse injection. Furthermore, the application of this model in natural clay layers under varying temperature gradients was discussed. The results indicated that, for the same time, an increase in temperature at the high-temperature end led to a 36.5 % decrease in the peak concentration of pollutant transport. When the temperature difference was significant, thermal osmosis and thermal motion were the main mechanisms for the coupled transport of pollutants and suspended particles, with the diffusion mechanism induced by concentration and temperature gradients not dominating. Thermal diffusion positively drove the transport of pollutants, while thermal osmosis and thermal motion under temperature gradients had a reverse inhibitory effect on pollutant transport. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance fibrous architectures and controllable fabrication methods for active nanomaterials are fundamental in the development of fiber-based supercapacitors (FSCs). Herein, we rationally designed a triple gradient structured fibrous electrode based on three-dimensional (3D) architectural approach with Ni 3 S 2 nanoflakes (Ni 3 S 2 NFs) in situ growth on Ni-coated graphene fiber (Ni 3 S 2 -NiGFs) for highly energy-dense asymmetric supercapacitors. Remarkably, the Ni-metal coating imparted the Ni 3 S 2 -NiGFs exceptional electrical conductivity (619.8 S cm−1), mechanical strength (335.0 MPa), and flexibility without significantly compromising its density. Moreover, the unique 3D interconnected ultrathin Ni 3 S 2 NFs significantly increase the contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte solution, providing abundant redox activity to facilitate ion transport and accumulation. Therefore, the fibrous electrode showcased a remarkable areal specific capacitance of 1387.6 mF cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2 in 3 M KOH aq electrolyte, while its asymmetric FSCs delivered an impressive areal energy density of 15.6 μW h cm−2 at power density of 1.0 mW cm−2 along with durable cycle life (86.7 % of the initial specific capacitance retention over 10,000 cycles). In summary, the featured work provides a facile but robust electrode design to realize highly energy-dense flexible energy storage devices for next-generation wearable industries. [Display omitted] • A graphene-based fiber with multifunctional graded-structure was designed. • Ni 3 S 2 -NiGFs shows exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. • Ni 3 S 2 -NiGFs electrode exhibits a capacitance of 1387.6 mF cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2. • Asymmetric FSCs achieve an impressive areal energy density of 15.6 μW h cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction process of methane hydrate involves interactions of multiple fields, phases, and loading stages. By extrapolating deductions from the thermodynamic equation in granular thermodynamic framework and amalgamating with coupled flow theory and linear non-equilibrium theory, a comprehensive Thermo-Hydro-Mechanic-Chemical (THMC) coupling model for hydrate-bearing sediment is established in this study. The mechanical field is established by energy dissipation conservation, the hydraulic field considers the increase in gas and liquid permeability due to temperature gradients, while the thermal field incorporates the rates of seepage, hydrate dissociation, and volumetric strain. Meanwhile, Darcy's law is explained as general deductions from the thermodynamic equation without the need for assumption. The proposed model is applied from the perspective of unit scale and coupling field, and verified with the test data. The modelling results show that the deduced model can capture the strain-softening, dilatancy, and stress paths behavior under various drainage conditions, and the volumetric strain, methane gas production and variations in heat exchange caused by the hydrate dissociation can also be predicted. Furthermore, the mechanical response and dissociation properties of sediment samples with various parameter values are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A solar-driven solar-electricity-water cogeneration system was fabricated. • A solar-thermal-electrical multi-physics coupling model was established. • Photovoltaic and thermoelectric performance enhanced by interfacial evaporation. • The solar-electricity efficiency and steam rate can reach 20.0 % and 1.0 kg·m−2·h−1. The future development of hybrid systems using renewable energy to realize the cogeneration of freshwater and electricity has become an urgent challenge to meet the sustainable development of human life with a minimal carbon footprint. In this work, a solar-electricity-water integrated system was fabricated by integrating photovoltaic, interfacial solar steam generator, and a thermoelectric device. Taking advantages of the heat management provided by evaporative cooling and reuse of recycling steam enthalpy, the integration of efficient photovoltaic power generation, seawater desalination, and power generation of thermoelectric devices has been realized. A solar-electrical-thermal multi-physical field coupling model was established, the energy transmission mechanism was clarified, and the structural parameters were optimized to achieve the full use of energy. This system was experimentally demonstrated to cool down the photovoltaic by over 14℃ and produce a stable electricity generation efficiency of 19.4 % while collecting freshwater of 1.0 kg·m−2·h−1 from seawater in one sun. Concurrently, an increase in power generation is realized by the synergistic effect of evaporation enthalpy dissipation and the interfacial cooling design. Under a natural environment of 0.8 sun in average, the system revealed more stable temperature control and better water-electricity cogeneration performance than that of the single photovoltaic module. As a result, this work aims to develop a promising pathway to respond to the water-energy nexus through the interfacial cooling design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attachment-detachment of heavy metal ions and suspended matter (SM), such as copper ions (Cu2+), graphene oxide (GO) and silica powders, onto a quartz sand porous medium (SiO 2 particles) in water was investigated. The experimental results showed that the attachment-detachment process can be described by a nonlinear model. The detachment curves appeared as a group of parallel scanning curves. The attachment/detachment curves ranged from linear to nonlinear for copper ions, GO and silica powders (ranging from ions to particles). Finally, a unified static attachment-detachment model was established. The attachment mechanism mainly involved the interfacial electrostatic attraction between SM and the solid matrix, the formation and directional adjustment of metal bonds, and the complementary molecular structure characteristics of the different materials. The irregular motions of Cu2+, GO and silica powder were significantly enhanced by increasing the temperature. [Display omitted] • Differences in the attachment mechanisms of ionic/nanoscale/microscale substances onto sand are revealed. • A unified nonlinear static attachment-detachment model in water is established. • The model is explained by metallographic microscopy and functional group characterization of SM. • Increasing the temperature promotes irregular motion of Cu2+, GO and silica powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outer surfaces of mycobacteria, including the organism that causes tuberculosis, are decorated with an array of immunomodulatory glycans. Among these are lipooligosaccharides (LOSs), a class of molecules for which the function remains poorly understood. We describe the chemical synthesis of the glycan portion of a tridecasaccharide LOS from the opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium kansasii. The target contains a number of unusual structural motifs that complicate its assembly and is the most complex mycobacterial LOS glycan to be synthesized to date when considering size and number of unique monosaccharides and glycosidic linkages. These studies not only provide a roadmap for the preparation of additional members of this family of glycans, but also provides a valuable probe for use in structure–activity relationship investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outer surfaces of mycobacteria, including the organism that causes tuberculosis, are decorated with an array of immunomodulatory glycans. Among these are lipooligosaccharides (LOSs), a class of molecules for which the function remains poorly understood. We describe the chemical synthesis of the glycan portion of a tridecasaccharide LOS from the opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium kansasii. The target contains a number of unusual structural motifs that complicate its assembly and is the most complex mycobacterial LOS glycan to be synthesized to date when considering size and number of unique monosaccharides and glycosidic linkages. These studies not only provide a roadmap for the preparation of additional members of this family of glycans, but also provides a valuable probe for use in structure–activity relationship investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past three decades, piano learning has witnessed an upsurge in popularity in China. To examine why, between 2016 and 2018 ethnographic fieldwork was conducted among piano teachers, students, and parents of students. Employing the concept of piano pathway, this article tracks the relationship between piano learning and formal schooling and the range of motivations involved in learning the instrument, which are predominantly pragmatic. It discusses piano pathway turning points, where decisions about continuing to learn the instrument must be made based on the likelihood of success at the next educational stage. The study established that in addition to providing access to beautiful music, piano learning allows Chinese people to compete in society, improve their social status, create the possibility of a secure income, have freedom and creativity in their work, or enjoy a better life. In short, the piano has created new pathways for life satisfaction and success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics empowers deep profiling of proteome and protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we review the advances and limitations in historic and recent AD proteomic research. Complementary to genetic mapping, proteomic studies not only validate canonical amyloid and tau pathways, but also uncover novel components in broad protein networks, such as RNA splicing, development, immunity, membrane transport, lipid metabolism, synaptic function, and mitochondrial activity. Meta-analysis of seven deep datasets reveals 2,698 differentially expressed (DE) proteins in the landscape of AD brain proteome (n = 12,017 proteins/genes), covering 35 reported AD genes and risk loci. The DE proteins contain cellular markers enriched in neurons, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and epithelial cells, supporting the involvement of diverse cell types in AD pathology. We discuss the hypothesized protective or detrimental roles of selected DE proteins, emphasizing top proteins in "amyloidome" (all biomolecules in amyloid plaques) and disease progression. Comprehensive PTM analysis represents another layer of molecular events in AD. In particular, tau PTMs are correlated with disease stages and indicate the heterogeneity of individual AD patients. Moreover, the unprecedented proteomic coverage of biofluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and serum, procures novel putative AD biomarkers through meta-analysis. Thus, proteomics-driven systems biology presents a new frontier to link genotype, proteotype, and phenotype, accelerating the development of improved AD models and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transport of silica powders (SPs), which are a type of suspended particles, and lead ions (a heavy metal species) in saturated porous media under unsteady flow and variable lead ion injection concentrations was investigated. During the transport of lead ions alone, the lead ion concentration in the effluent was almost constant during the entire penetration process; i.e., the transport of lead ions was not affected by changes in the seepage velocity. After coupling with SPs, the penetration process of lead ions varied significantly with the seepage velocity. At a low lead ion injection concentration, the presence of SPs significantly promoted the transport of lead ions. However, at a high lead ion concentration, the presence of SPs tended to inhibit the transport of lead ions. The present study aims to broaden the potential prospects for the application of SP-like particulate materials in the treatment of pollutants in permeable soil. [Display omitted] • The fundamental differences between SPs and lead ions are experimentally reflected. • The coupled mechanisms of SPs/lead ions at variable injection concentrations are revealed. • The transport of silica powders (SPs) and lead ions is considered under unsteady flow. • A potential method of purifying heavy metal pollutants with SPs is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can produce true random numbers. Yet, the two most important QRNG parameters highly desired for practical applications, i.e., speed and size, have to be compromised during implementations. Here, we present the fastest and miniaturized QRNG with a record real-time output rate as high as 18.8 Gbps by combining a photonic integrated chip and the technology of optimized randomness extraction. We assemble the photonic integrated circuit designed for vacuum state QRNG implementation, an InGaAs homodyne detector, and a high-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier into a single chip using hybrid packaging, which exhibits the excellent characteristics of integration and high-frequency response. With a sample rate of 2.5 GSa/s in a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter and subsequent paralleled postprocessing in a field programmable gate array, the QRNG outputs ultrafast random bitstreams via a fiber optic transceiver, whose real-time speed is validated in a personal computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber was prepared by combustion synthesis. Boron carbide (B 4 C) powders with different grain sizes using a molten-salt-assisted combustion technique with B 2 O 3 , CB (carbon black), and Mg powders as starting materials, and NaCl as an additives. The effects of the NaCl content on the phase compositions and the microstructure of the products were characterized. A combustion front quenching method was used to elucidate the mechanism for the B 4 C powders synthesis. The dielectric, and EMW absorbing properties in the X-band were also investigated. The results showed that the addition of NaCl significantly reduced the grain size of B 4 C powders. Nanoscale B 4 C powders with cubic polyhedral structures were synthesized using 6 wt% NaCl (labeled as N-6). According to the quenching test results can be obtained that the first step in the combustion synthesis was melting B 2 O 3 into a glassy substance. At the same time, Mg melted and formed a liquid pool into which the NaCl dissolved, followed reduction of the B 2 O 3 to B. The formed B eventually reacted with CB to form B 4 C, and the B 4 C particles precipitated from the matrices. The N-6 sample exhibits optimal dielectric and EMW absorbing properties, because of a high specific surface area that enhances interfacial and space charge polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption offers an efficient and eco-friendly method for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs). However, it is not well known that most adsorbents are not eco-friendly. Rational design of next generation adsorbents should aim to enhance their green properties. In this work, sepiolite, Fe3O4 and itaconic acid were selected as the green raw materials. Poly(itaconic acid)/magnetite sepiolite composite (PIA/MSEP) was prepared using water as the solvent under mild reaction conditions and the entire process uses neither the bulk use of toxic organic solvents nor the addition of dangerous strong acid or alkali. The results indicate that PIA/MSEP has satisfactory maximum adsorption capacities of 178.57, 151.52 and 106.38 mg·g−1 for Er3+, Nd3+ and Ce3+, respectively, with excellent regeneration stability. The PIA/MSEP exhibits outstanding adsorption rates that provide above 90% capacity within 10 min for Er3+ and Nd3+. This versatile material is a potential candidate for applications in the removal of REEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High ion diffusivity of Cu+ dopants accelerates outdiffusion in quantum dots (QDs) at high temperatures. This kind of self‐purification gives rise to a sharp decrease in dopant photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Herein, a dopant diffusion equilibrium strategy is developed by introducing extra Cu+ in the epitaxial growth process. By preventing the loss of dopant Cu+, both the decrease of dopant PL and increase of band‐edge PL intensity are successfully suppressed. The coexistence of visible and invisible near‐infrared (NIR) PL bands for Cu‐doped CdSe@CdS QDs demonstrates their novel multimode anti‐counterfeiting/encryption potential. Via printing by combined using of intrinsic and doped QD "inks" with visible and invisible NIR emissions, respectively, the bulk‐sized patterns, texts, and numerals can achieve visible–invisible PL synergetic confidential information multimode anti‐counterfeiting and encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In II-VI group, the doping in CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) is more difficult than other chalcogenides. In this communication, CdTe nanocrystals containing Cu impurities were carefully synthesized based on controlled reverse cation exchange process between as-prepared Cu 7 Te 5 nanocubes and Cd2+ ions. By well-defined Cu 7 Te 5 nanocubes, the obtained CdTe NCs kept the original morphology. The concentration of Cu impurities in CdTe NCs was controlled by the regulation such reverse cation exchange. Additionally, the regulation from band gap (BG) photoluminescence (PL) to the coexistence of the bandgap emission, dopant emission, and surface-state emission was realized. This tailoring from undoped to doped emission in the case of Cu impurities is helpful to study the Cu related doping in telluride NCs. [Display omitted] • Monodisperse CdTe nanocrystals containing Cu impurities have been successfully synthesized. • The bandgap photoluminescence of Cu doped CdTe have been tuned continuously from 585 ​nm to 721 ​nm. • The Cu dopant emission have been realized successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Because of various clinical manifestations and complicated courses, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are difficult to treat. Current knowledge about this disease remains insufficient for precise treatment after diagnosis. Objectives: The objective of this study is to obtain and map the overall literature trends and most cited keywords in TMDs research. Methods: Many indicators, including annual number of publications, country distribution, global cooperations, author contributions, original journals, cited references and keywords, were calculated and evaluated using VOSviewer v.1.6.13, which visualised many results, from the WoSCC database. Results: A total of 3121 papers on TMDs research were retrieved from 2010 to 2019. The United States produced the most articles published, but the most productive institution was the University of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Researchers and institutions conducting TMDs research have shown a very widespread and close connection. TMDs have been studied worldwide by many research centres. Professor Svensson P was the most published researcher in TMDs research and the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation published the most TMDs research articles. The top cited references mainly presented diagnostic criteria of TMDs. The most cited keywords formed clusters: (a) Anatomical factor of TMDs, (b) Symptoms of TMDs and (c) RDC/TMD, the risk factors, biopsychosocial factors and epidemiology of TMDs. Conclusions: The research results provide very valuable data for a thorough understanding of the research status of TMDs and demonstrated international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy storage capacity of supercapacitors depends on the electrode structure of the active material and its properties related to capacitance. Improving the properties of active materials through engineering strategies is essential to obtain high-energy supercapacitors. Here, we combine interface and phase engineering to overcome the inherent limitations of MoSe 2 and improve their charge storage capacity. MoSe 2 was anchored to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using a simple hydrothermal method to form a heterogeneous structure. This approach provided a large number of electrode/electrolyte contact interfaces. The synergistic interaction of MoSe 2 and rGO also enhances the overall electrical conductivity and structural stability. At the same time, the phase conversion of the MoSe 2 material is triggered by the intercalation of Na+ ions to increasethe layer spacing and, thus, the charge storage capacity. In summary, MoSe 2 /rGO were prepared by engineering strategies with a high specific capacitance of 169.3 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. The assembled all-solid-state symmetrical supercapacitor (ASSC) devices have good cycling stability (83.1 % over 10,000 cycles) and potential practical applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The role of O v on Cu/ZnO catalysts for syngas conversion was revealed by DFT calculations and microkinetic simulations. • The defective Cu 4 /ZnO(0001)-5%O v surface showed better catalytic performance for ethanol formation. • Both of the barriers of CHO and CO coupling and forming C-C-O precursor were lowered because of the existence of O v. • O v promoted the electron transfer between adsorbates and Cu 4 /ZnO(0001) surface. Syngas conversion into methanol or ethanol over Cu/ZnO catalyst has attracted great interest due to its low energy consumption and high value-added. Here, syngas conversion over perfect and defective Cu 4 /ZnO(0001) catalysts were investigated via combining density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic simulations. Our calculations show a clear change in the reaction mechanism when going from perfect Cu 4 /ZnO(0001) surface to defective Cu 4 /ZnO(0001) with 5% oxygen vacancy (O v) surface. The existence of O v hinders the formation of methanol by increasing the activation barrier of CHO hydrogenation to CH 2 O, but promotes the coupling between CHO and CO and the formation of C-C-O precursors that are favorable to form ethanol. In essence, the surface localized microenviroment charge redistribution owing to the presence of O v adjusts the product selectivity. Detailed Bader charge results for the first time quantitatively identify that O v promotes the electron transfer between adsorbates and Cu 4 /ZnO(0001) surface, and then influences their electrostatic interaction and spatial structure, resulting in syngas conversion into different products. Microkinetic simulations show that the adsorption energies of CO and H on the Cu 4 /ZnO(0001)-5%O v surface has a notable effect on product selectivity. In addition, we verify that the hydrogenation ability of Cu 4 /ZnO(0001) is not well with the presence or absence of O v. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is of fundamental importance in gene regulation. The function of m6A is achieved through proteins that recognize m6A, known as EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED C-TERMINAL REGIONS (ECTs) in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). mRNA targets of ECTs and their interaction with m6A-containing motifs remain to be revealed. In this forum article, I highlight recent advances in m6A targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]