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Using unconventional water resources, such as treated wastewater (TWW), is an excellent alternative to meet excess water demands. Policymakers should consider optimal and equitable allocation of TWW to relieve conflicts among stakeholders. In the current research, an agent-based model (ABM) is integrated with a multi-objective optimization method (MOM) to fairly distribute water among different beneficiaries in Tehran Province, Iran. In ABM there are two groups of agents: water users and managers. Water users seek to minimize water shortages, and water managers are responsible for allocating water to the users fairly. Managers also assess different bankruptcy scenarios (BSs) for allocating TWW to each stakeholder, and the most agreeable scenario is selected. The Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR)-based objective functions are used to assess the risk of uncertainties under different confidence levels. Then, to prioritize the Pareto-optimal solutions, a novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method, named R-method, is utilized. Results show that considering stakeholders’ objectives and interactions can lead to finding a more equitable solution. Interactions among beneficiaries can diminish water shortages in the study area through an investment by the industrial sector in the agricultural sector to improve the efficiency of agricultural activities.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the mediating role of psychological distress and domestic violence in the association of fear of COVID-19 with marital satisfaction and sexual quality of life (QoL) among Iranian women of reproductive age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study comprising 324 married women was conducted. Online convenience sampling was used to collect data. SPSS PROCESS macro was used for the mediation analysis. The direct and indirect effects of the fear of COVID-19 on sexual QoL and marital satisfaction were estimated comprising a 95% CI using 5000 bootstrap samples. Pairwise comparisons between the mediators were calculated by Hayes' macros. RESULTS: A positive/negative or suspected history of COVID-19 infection had marginally significant relationship with marital satisfaction (p=0.049). The total effect of fear of COVID-19 on sexual QoL was significant (b=-1.31, SE=0.20, p<0.001). Fear of COVID-19 had no significant direct effect on sexual QoL (b=-0.22, SE=0.19, p=0.24) but it had an indirect effect on sexual QoL via mediation of psychological distress (b=-0.34, SE=0.09, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.19) and domestic violence (b=-0.75, SE=0.18, 95% CI: -1.12 to -0.40). The total effect of fear of COVID-19 on marital satisfaction was significant (b=-1.91, SE=0.32, p<0.001). Fear of COVID-19 had no significant direct effect (b=0.20, SE=0.25, p=0.42) on marital satisfaction but it had an indirect effect on marital satisfaction via mediation of psychological distress (b=-0.59, SE=0.13, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.36) and domestic violence (b=-1.51, SE=0.29, 95% CI: -2.08 to -0.92). CONCLUSION: The fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic indirectly decreased women's marital satisfaction and sexual QoL via increased psychological distress and domestic violence. Consequently, in critical situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, improving couples' psychological health and reducing domestic violence are likely to improve women's sexual QoL and marital satisfaction.

Establishing a holistic approach to manage floods and droughts is essential considering the different hydrological conditions. This work aimed to demonstrate how the integrated management of floods and droughts (IMFD) can increase sustainability and decrease the vulnerability of reservoirs against water-related disasters. To do so, a non-integrated management of floods and droughts (NMFD) is compared to an IMFD approach for the optimal operation of a reservoir (Doroudzan dam) to evaluate the sustainability of each scenario, especially the environmental water demand for Bakhtegan lake. Doroudzan dam provides water for different users, especially the environmental water demand. The IMFD and NMFD are differentiated through the development of industrial activities and the construction of a new regulatory dam, respectively. Each management scenario is tested under three hydrological conditions, i.e., dry, normal, and wet, which are determined by the standardized runoff index (SRI). Additionally, in the IMFD scenario, optimal cropping patterns are proposed to farmers by policymakers to increase water use efficiency. The heterogeneity in farmers’ response to adopting these cropping patterns is simulated through a well-known behavioral theory, prospect theory (PT). A novel optimization algorithm, NSGA-III, is utilized to determine the optimal operation of the reservoir and a bankruptcy scenario is utilized to share released water from the reservoir between the involved stakeholders. Results show the superiority of the IMFD scenario against the NMFD scenario in terms of decreasing water shortage as well as agricultural and environmental vulnerability, especially in dry conditions due to implementing more sustainable solutions. The average annual financial wealth generated by the IMFD scenario is greater than that of the NMFD scenario by about 68% through development in the industrial activities as a more profitable sector. Also, the utilization of PT shows how downstream and

PURPOSE: The present study was designed to estimate the rate of death anxiety and the factors influencing its occurrence in cancer patients using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. METHOD: Five academic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and ProQuest, were searched systematically from inception until the end of January 2020. Observational studies that reported mean score of death anxiety in cancer patients, regardless of language restriction, were eligible to be included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model with the DerSimonian and Laird weighted method. Publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot and Begg's and Egger's tests. RESULTS: The estimated pooled mean for death anxiety among cancer patients was 6.84 (CI95% = [5.98, 7.69]). Publication bias and small study effects were not detected. Subgroup analysis and a meta-regression showed that the estimated pooled mean was higher in Asian studies (M = 7.57) compared to European (M = 6.47) and North American studies (M = 5.57); in breast cancer patients (M = 9.68) compared to studies examining different types of cancers; in female only participants (M = 7.37) compared to studies with both genders (M = 6.60); and in married participants compared to non-married participants. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that death anxiety in patients with cancer is moderate and is influenced by socio-demographic factors such as region, type of cancer, sex, and marital status.

INTRODUCTION: Menstrual distress caused by primary dysmenorrhea is associated with physical and psychological symptoms-before, after, and during menstruation. Leventhal's self-regulation educational model is based on the cognitive and emotional experiences of threat responses to symptoms and relates to coping responses. This study aims to investigate the effect of the implementation of a psychoeducational intervention, based on the self-regulation model of menstrual distress in adolescents. METHODS/DESIGN: In this randomized controlled trial, 120 adolescent girls with moderate to severe menstrual pain (based on visual analog scale (VAS) ≥ 4) from twelve randomly selected high schools in Qazvin City will be enrolled in the study and will be randomly assigned to either a 3-session psychoeducational intervention (n = 60) or control (n = 60) groups. The sessions will be between 60 and 90 min apiece, and they will run for three consecutive weeks (one session per week). The data collection tools will include questionnaire eliciting menstrual information and demographics, the VAS, the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, and the illness perception questionnaire. One month prior to the intervention, both groups will participate in an initial assessment to assess the severity of their pain and level of menstrual distress. Finally, all questionnaires will be completed for three consecutive months after the intervention is completed. DISCUSSION: It is anticipated that findings of this study will provide evidence for the effectiveness of the Leventhal self-regulation model. Implications for improved practice, understanding, and treatment for menstrual distress may also arise. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The research protocol will be reviewed by the ethics committee, which is affiliated with the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Decree code: IR.QUMS.REC.1398.043). TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20190625044002N1 . Registration date: 2019-09-03.

Copyright 2015 Society of Petroleum Engineers.Coal Seam Gas reservoirs are naturally fractured and the flow of fluid throughout the coal occurs by diffusion through the coal matrix and then via the cleats (network of fractures) towards the wellbore. Effective permeability of the cleats and Langmuir isotherm parameters of the matrix coal blocks are the key parameters in determining the economic viability of producing from a CSG reservoir. Welltest analysis in CSG wells is more complicated than conventional reservoirs due to the stress sensitive permeability of the cleats and the great heterogeneity of coal. Fluid pressure inside the cleats initially controls the stress sensitive permeability. During production and at the reduced pressure near the wellbore region, the cleats have smaller aperture and less permeability than the cleats away from the wellbore due to the in-situ stresses. Conversely during injection, the cleats near the wellbore have higher permeability than the cleats away from the wellbore. The common well test analysis methods normally provide undefined values of average permeability and skin factor, rather than addressing the effective permeability of the cleats. This study presents how to interpret the skin factor in a CSG welltest, and also proposes a methodology using integration of welltest analysis and image log data processing results for estimation of cleat characteristics in CSG reservoirs to be input in a dual porosity CSG reservoir simulation model.

Copyright 2015, Society of Petroleum Engineers.Tight gas reservoirs represent a significant portion of natural gas reservoirs worldwide. Production at economical rates from tight gas reservoirs in general is very challenging not only due to the very low intrinsic permeability but also as a consequence of several different forms of formation damage that can occur during drilling, completion, stimulation, and production operations. Tight gas reservoirs generally do not flow gas to surface at commercial rates, unless the well is completed using advanced technologies and efficiently stimulated. One of the major damage mechanisms in tight gas reservoirs is liquid phase trapping damage that is controlled by pore system geometry, capillary pressure, relative permeability and interfacial tension between the invading trapped fluid and reservoir fluid. The liquid invasion damage into the rock matrix reduces the near wellbore permeability as a result of temporary or permanent trapping of liquid inside the porous media, and results in low productivity in tight gas reservoirs. This study presents evaluation of damage mechanisms in tight gas reservoirs and the methods that can provide improved well productivity by minimizing damage to the formation. Numerical reservoir simulation is integrated with tight gas field data analysis and core flooding experiments to better understand the effect of different damage mechanisms on well productivity in order to propose the possible remedial strategies that can help achieve viable gas production rates from tight gas reservoirs.