Search

21. Cadlina rumia Er. Marcus, 1955 (Fig. 3F) Material examined: Praia de Pirambúzios (mangrove), Nísia Floresta, 13.III.2009, one specimen, 12 mm (body length), leg. V. Padula (MZSP 97064). Praia de Baia Formosa, Baia Formosa, 04.VII.2009, one specimen, 10 mm (body length), leg. F. Santos (GEEFAA 311). Description: Body flattened, elliptical, 13 mm in length. Coloration white with yellow glands at the border of the mantle. Rhinophores with white basis graduating to brown in the apical portion. Anteriorly with a projecting notum, which covers the foot; and a pair of retractile, lamellate rhinophores; eyes close to the proximal part of the rhinophores. Mid-dorsally with a ring of glands around the notum. Posteriorly, five flattened, retractile gill leaves around the anus. Geographic distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Ghana (Edmunds, 1981); Western Atlantic: Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Bonaire, Cuba, CuraÇao, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Martín / St. Maarten, Saint Vicent & the Grenadines, USA, Venezuela, Brazil (Alagoas,Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte – present study, São Paulo) (Marcus, 1955; Domínguez et al., 2006; Valdés et al., 2006; García et al., 2008; Ourives et al., 2011; Padula et al., 2012; Sales et al., 2013). Family Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891, Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 13, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Marcus, E. 1955. Opisthobranchia from Brazil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, 207 (20): 89 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3382. bffclzoologia. 1955.120213.","Edmunds, M. 1981. Opisthobranchiate Mollusca from Ghana: Chromodorididae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72 (2): 175 - 201. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1981. tb 01657. x.","Dominguez, M.; Garcia, F. J. & Troncoso, J. S. 2006. Some aspects of the family Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with description of a new species. Scientia Marina, 70 (4): 621 - 634. https: // doi. org / 10.989 / scimar. 2006.70 n 4621.","Valdes, A.; Hamann, J.; Behrens, D. & DuPont, A. 2006. Caribbean Sea Slugs. A field guide to the Opisthobranch mollusks from the tropical Northwestern Atlantic. Gig Harbor, WA, Sea Challengers. 289 p.","Garcia, F. J.; Dominguez-Alvarez, M. & Troncoso, J. S. 2008. Opistobranquios de Brasil: descripcion y distribucion de Opistobranquios del litoral de Brasil y del Archipielago Fernando de Noronha, Vigo, Feito, 215 p.","Ourives, T. M.; Guerrazzi, M. C. & Simone, L. R. 2011. Gastropods from Camamu Bay, state of Bahia, Brazil. Check List, 7 (3): 328 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 7.3.328.","Padula, V.; Bahia, J.; Correia, M. D. & Sovierzoski, H. H. 2012. New records of opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267212000346.","Sales, L.; Queiroz, V.; Padula, V.; Neves, E. & Johnsson, R. 2013. New records of nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. Check List, 9 (3): 689 - 691. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 9.3.689."]}

Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana, Brandão, Simone Nunes (2022): Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62: 1-26, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063

22. Felimida clenchi (Russel, 1935) (Fig. 3G) Material examined: Praia de Santa Rita, Extremoz, 09.III.2009, one specimen, 4 mm (body length), leg. V. Padula (MZSP 97081). Praia de Pirambúzios, Nísia Floresta, 06. V.2008, one specimen (lost), 10 mm (body length), phot. reg. N. Filho. Praia de Baia Formosa, Baia Formosa, 04.VII.2009, two specimens, 6-9 mm (body length), leg. G. Grimaldi (MZSP 97070), 05.VII.2009, six specimens, 4-15 mm (body length), leg. F. Santos (GEEFAA 263a, 329). 03.I.2011, one specimen, 10 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 332). Description: Body oblong, up to 25 mm (body length) in length. Border of mantle reddish-orange-yellowish reticulated pattern. Anteriorly, elongated notum covering head and foot, dark-colored from midlength to posterior, where visceral mass is located. Rhinophores and gills white and purple. Retractile, lamellate rhinophores curved posteriorly. Anus surrounded by flattened, retractile, gill leaves. Posterior of body acute, orange to reddish dorsally, and white ventrally. Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic: Aruba, Bermuda, Bonaire, Costa Rica, Colombia, Cuba, CuraÇao, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Panama, St. Vicent & the Grenadines, USA, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, Brazil (Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Alagoas, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Marcus, 1957; Domínguez et al., 2006; García et al., 2008; Padula et al., 2012, Sales et al., 2013; GalvãoFilho et al., 2015; Padula et al., 2016)., Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 13, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Marcus, E. 1957. On opisthobranchia from Brazil (2). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 43 (292): 390 - 486. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1957. tb 01559. x.","Dominguez, M.; Garcia, F. J. & Troncoso, J. S. 2006. Some aspects of the family Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with description of a new species. Scientia Marina, 70 (4): 621 - 634. https: // doi. org / 10.989 / scimar. 2006.70 n 4621.","Garcia, F. J.; Dominguez-Alvarez, M. & Troncoso, J. S. 2008. Opistobranquios de Brasil: descripcion y distribucion de Opistobranquios del litoral de Brasil y del Archipielago Fernando de Noronha, Vigo, Feito, 215 p.","Padula, V.; Bahia, J.; Correia, M. D. & Sovierzoski, H. H. 2012. New records of opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267212000346.","Sales, L.; Queiroz, V.; Padula, V.; Neves, E. & Johnsson, R. 2013. New records of nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. Check List, 9 (3): 689 - 691. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 9.3.689.","Padula, V.; Bahia, J.; Stoger, I.; Camacho-Garcia, Y.; Malaquias, M. A. E.; Cervera, J. L. & Schrodl, M. 2016. A test of color-based taxonomy in nudibranchs: molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of the Felimida clenchi (Mollusca: Chromodorididae) species complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 103: 215 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.07.019."]}

15. Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 (Fig. 2O) Material examined: Praia de Galinhos, Galinhos, 21.IX.2008, one specimen, 75 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 324). Description: Body oval to elongate, wider towards the posterior end and shell absent. Living specimens measuring up to 100 mm in length. Dorsum covered by numerous long and ramified papillae (fuzzy appearance). Head with two rhinophores on the dorsal side and oral tentacles in either side of the mouth. Body color light green with some lighter brown spots. Gill on the dorsal side covered by two short parapodial flaps. Geographic distribution: Widespread in the IndoPacific region except from the Hawaiian Islands and the Eastern Pacific (Bazzicalupo et al., 2020); Mediterranean Sea: Spain-Balearic Islands (Cervera et al., 2004); Western Atlantic: Aruba, Bermuda, Bonaire, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, CuraÇao, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, USA, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, Brazil (Alagoas, Ceará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte – present study, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo) (Er. Marcus, 1955; Ev. Marcus, 1972; Rios, 2009; Padula et al., 2012; Ferreira-Jr. et al., 2015; Galvão-Filho et al., 2015; Bazzicalupo et al., 2020). Remarks: Recent integrative study by Bazzicalupo et al. (2020) confirmed the widespread geographic distribution of B. leachii in the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Indo-Pacific region., Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 10, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Bazzicalupo, E.; Crocetta, F.; Gosliner, T. M.; Berteaux-Lecellier, V.; CamachoGarcia, Y. E.; Chandran, B. K. S. & Valdes, A. 2020. Molecular and morphological systematics of Bursatella leachii de Blainville, 1817 and Stylocheilus striatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 reveal cryptic diversity in pantropically distributed taxa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). Invertebrate Systematics, 34 (5): 535 - 568. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 19056.","Cervera, J. L.; Calado, G.; Gavaia, C.; Malaquias, M. A. E.; Templado, J.; Ballesteros, M.; Garcia-Gomez, J. C. & Megina, C, 2004. An annotated and updated checklist of the opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Spain and Portugal (including islands and archipelagos). Boletin Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, 20 (1 - 4): 1 - 132.","Marcus, E. 1955. Opisthobranchia from Brazil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, 207 (20): 89 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3382. bffclzoologia. 1955.120213.","Marcus, E. 1972. OntheAnaspidea (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) ofthewarm waters of the western Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science, 22 (4): 841 - 874.","Rios, E. C. 2009. Compendium of Brazilian Sea Shells. Rio Grande, Evangraf. 668 p.","Padula, V.; Bahia, J.; Correia, M. D. & Sovierzoski, H. H. 2012. New records of opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267212000346.","Galvao-Filho, H.; Araujo, A.; Silva, F.; Azevedo, V.; Meirelles, C. A. O. & Matthews-Cascon, H. 2015. Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from a poorly known area in North-east Brazil. Filling gaps in Atlantic distributions. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 115). https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267215000494."]}

20. Berthellina ignis Alvim & Pimenta, 2015 (Fig. 3E) Material examined: CabeÇo de Barreirinhas, Nísia Floresta, 10.III.2009, six specimens, 4-10 mm (body length), leg. V. Padula (MZSP 97042), 20.VI.2009, one specimen, 25 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (MZSP 97039); CabeÇo de Mestre Vicente, Nísia Floresta, 10.XII.2009, one specimen, 5 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 335). Description: Body oval, 4 to 25 mm in length, orange reddish coloration with a few white spots. Anteriorly, with (1) a subtrapezoidal veil with undulated anterior margin; (2) a pair of retractile, v-shaped, lobulated and conspicuous rhinophores. Mid-distally, body covered by the notum, which shows minute papillae. Center of the body darkened by the visceral mass, protected by the internal shell. Gills on right side of the body, located between the inferior part of the mantle and the superior part of the foot. Ventrally, muscular foot flattened and completely covered by the notum. Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic: Brazil (Pará and Rio Grande do Norte) (Alvim & Pimenta, 2015). Remarks: The species was described by Alvim & Pimenta (2015) based on specimens from Ceará, northern Brazil and specimens from Rio Grande do Norte (CabeÇo de Barreirinhas dive site). In the present study, we recorded the species at CabeÇo de Mestre Vicente dive site., Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Alvim, J. & Pimenta, A. D. 2015. Taxonomic review of Berthella and Berthellina (Gastropoda: Pleurobranchoidea) from Brazil, with description of two new species. Zoologia, 32 (6): 497 - 531. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702015000600010."]}

30. Taringa telopia Er. Marcus, 1955 (Fig. 3O) Material examined: Praia de Areia Preta, Natal, 22. VI.2009, one specimen, 18 mm (body length), leg. F. Santos (MZSP 97071). Description: Body flat, elliptical, yellowish notum with dark brown, small spots from the medial portion of the body to the margins of the notum. Rhinophores with whitish bases and light brown lamellae.Gills light brown. Head with eyes covered by edge of the mantle, bilobated labium. Lamellate retractile rhinophores.Body with small tubercles medially. Six folliculated, retractile, tripinnated gill leaves around the anus. Foot narrower than notum. Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic: Colombia, Brazil (Alagoas, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte – present study, São Paulo) (Bergh, 1894; Er. Marcus, 1955; Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967a; Valdés & Gosliner, 2001; García et al., 2008; Padula et al., 2012; Alvim & Pimenta, 2013). Family Dorididae Rafinesque, 1815, Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Marcus, E. 1955. Opisthobranchia from Brazil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, 207 (20): 89 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3382. bffclzoologia. 1955.120213.","Bergh, L. S. R. 1894. Die Opisthobranchien. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer \" Albatross \", during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 25: 125 - 233. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 48546 # page / 5 / mode / 1 up.","Marcus, E. D. B. R. & Marcus, E. 1967 a. American opisthobranch mollusks Part I, Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6 (1 - 2): 1 - 256.","Valdes, A. & Gosliner, T. M. 2001. Systematics and Phylogeny of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species from Indo-Pacific deep waters. Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 133 (2): 103 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2001. tb 00689. x.","Garcia, F. J.; Dominguez-Alvarez, M. & Troncoso, J. S. 2008. Opistobranquios de Brasil: descripcion y distribucion de Opistobranquios del litoral de Brasil y del Archipielago Fernando de Noronha, Vigo, Feito, 215 p.","Padula, V.; Bahia, J.; Correia, M. D. & Sovierzoski, H. H. 2012. New records of opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267212000346.","Alvim, J. & Pimenta, A. D. 2013. Taxonomic review of the family Discodorididae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3745 (2): 152 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3745.2.2."]}

29. Taringa iemanja Alvim & Pimenta, 2013 (Fig. 3N) Material examined: Praia de Baia Formosa, Baia Formosa, 05.VII.2009, two specimens, 24-25 mm (body length), leg. F. Santos (MZSP 97062; GEEFAA 337). Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte – present study) (Alvim & Pimenta, 2013). Description: Body flat,elliptical,dorsally dark brown with oval-shaped, dark brown spot. Ventrally, light brown notum and foot with oval-shaped,small spots. Rhinophores and gills light brown with small, irregular-shaped, dark brown spots. Bilobated labium. Lamellated, retractile rhinophores within a basal projection. Body with smallsized, rounded tubercles medially. Seven folliculated, retractile, tripinnated gill leaves around the anus. Foot smooth, narrower than and covered by the notum. Remarks: First record from northeastern Brazil., Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 15, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Alvim, J. & Pimenta, A. D. 2013. Taxonomic review of the family Discodorididae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3745 (2): 152 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3745.2.2."]}

34. Doto divae Marcus & Marcus, 1960 (Fig. 4D) Material examined: Parrachos de Rio do Fogo, Rio do Fogo, 25. VI.2010, one specimen, 2 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 285). Description: Body cylindric and elongated, whitish with dark green spots irregularly distributed over the body. Rhinophores whitish with dark green spots. Conspicuous, well-developed head with small eyes close to the basis of the rhinophores, elongated, retractile rhinophores with robust basal projection. Anal and genital pores present mid-laterally and below the first cerata, and between second and third ceratae, respectively.Two longitudinal rows of ceratae parallel to each other, with narrow basis and with globular tubercles. Second cerata with well-developed and vertically elongated, small tubercle. Foliaceous gills between the tubercles, irregularly distributed. Posteriorly, smooth foot elongated forming a prominent, translucent tail. Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic: Bonaire, Mexico, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, USA, Brazil (Bahia, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte – present study) (Marcus & Marcus, 1960; Valdés et al., 2006; Rios, 2009). Superfamily Aeolidioidea Gray, 1827, Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 16, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Marcus, E. D. B. R. & Marcus, E. 1960. Opisthobranchs from American Atlantic warm waters. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 10 (2): 129 - 203.","Valdes, A.; Hamann, J.; Behrens, D. & DuPont, A. 2006. Caribbean Sea Slugs. A field guide to the Opisthobranch mollusks from the tropical Northwestern Atlantic. Gig Harbor, WA, Sea Challengers. 289 p.","Rios, E. C. 2009. Compendium of Brazilian Sea Shells. Rio Grande, Evangraf. 668 p."]}

25. Diaulula greeleyi (MacFarland, 1909) (Fig. 3J) Material examined: Praia de Rio do Fogo, Rio do Fogo, 28.I.2010, one specimen, 7 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 302). Praia de Santa Rita, Extremoz, 11.X.2008, two specimens, 5-9 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (MZSP 97046), 26.III.2009, two specimens, 7-10 mm (body length), leg. S. Delgado, 28.III.2009, two specimens, 6-13 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA lot 316), 26.IV.2009, five specimens, 3-20 mm (body length), leg. F. Santos (GEEFAA 259 a), 24.VI.2009, four specimens, 3-14 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA lot 316), 09.VII.2009, three specimens, 7-11 mm (body length),leg. M.Delgado (GEEFAA lot 316), 05.I.2011, one specimen, 11 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 290). Praia de Pirambúzios, Nísia Floresta, 11.VII.2009, three specimens, 5-10 mm (body length), leg. F. Santos (GEEFAA 317), 08.XII.2013, one specimen, 6 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 348), 15.XII.2013, three specimens, 5-10 mm (body length), leg. S. Delgado (GEEFAA 283), 18.I.2014, two specimens, 8-10 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 341). Praia de Baia Formosa, Baia Formosa, 04.VII.2009, 15 specimens, 4-10 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 288 – 13 expl.; MZSP 97045 – 2 expl.), 05.VII.2009, three specimens, 3-4 mm (body length), leg. F. Santos (GEEFAA 301). Praia de Pitangui, Extremoz, 11.I.2019, four specimens, 4-14 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 1313). Description: Body flat and elliptical, yellow-orange coloration with small, subcircular, brown-black patches, and brown-black longitudinal,subparallel lines from the base of rhinophores to the gills. Rhinophores dark brown in the laminar portion and yellow-orange in the basis. Gills brown-black with translucent orange on the margins and center portion. Conical oral tentacles, lamellate retractile rhinophores. Medial portion of notum with abundant tubercles. Mantle margins with glands. Unipinnate and retractile gills. Muscular foot narrower than the mantle, anteriorly bifurcated and short in the posterior portion. Geographic distribution: Eastern Pacific Ocean: Mexico, Costa Rica (Camacho-García & Valdés, 2003; Valdés et al., 2006; Dayrat, 2010); Western Atlantic: Bahamas, Costa Rica, USA, Brazil (Alagoas, Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte – present study, São Paulo) (MacFarland,1909:as P.greeleyi; Marcus, 1955; Ev.Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1967a; Rios, 1994; García et al., 2008; Padula et al., 2012; Alvim & Pimenta,2013; Camacho-García et al., 2014; Galvão-Filho et al., 2015)., Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 14, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Macfarland, F. M. 1909. The Opisthobranchiate Mollusca of the Branner- Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. California, Stanford University. 104 p. (Leland Stanford Junior University Publications, University Series, 2) https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23300.","Camacho-Garcia, Y. & Valdes, A. 2003. Caryophyllidia-bearing dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Doridacea) from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 54: 65 - 79.","Valdes, A.; Hamann, J.; Behrens, D. & DuPont, A. 2006. Caribbean Sea Slugs. A field guide to the Opisthobranch mollusks from the tropical Northwestern Atlantic. Gig Harbor, WA, Sea Challengers. 289 p.","Dayrat, B. 2010. A monographic revision of basal Discodorid sea slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia: Doridina). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 61 (1): 1 - 403.","Marcus, E. 1955. Opisthobranchia from Brazil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, 207 (20): 89 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3382. bffclzoologia. 1955.120213.","Marcus, E. D. B. R. & Marcus, E. 1967 a. American opisthobranch mollusks Part I, Tropical American opisthobranchs. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 6 (1 - 2): 1 - 256.","Rios, E. C. 1994. Seashells of Brazil, Editora da Fundacao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil, 368 pp.","Garcia, F. J.; Dominguez-Alvarez, M. & Troncoso, J. S. 2008. Opistobranquios de Brasil: descripcion y distribucion de Opistobranquios del litoral de Brasil y del Archipielago Fernando de Noronha, Vigo, Feito, 215 p.","Padula, V.; Bahia, J.; Correia, M. D. & Sovierzoski, H. H. 2012. New records of opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267212000346.","Alvim, J. & Pimenta, A. D. 2013. Taxonomic review of the family Discodorididae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3745 (2): 152 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3745.2.2.","Camacho-Garcia, Y. E.; Pola, M.; Carmona, L.; Padula, V.; Villani, G. & Cervera, J. L. 2014. Diversity and distribution of the heterobranch sea slug fauna on the Caribbean of Costa Rica. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 55 (1): 109 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.21411 / CBM. A. 8 B 3 AE 5 D 2.","Galvao-Filho, H.; Araujo, A.; Silva, F.; Azevedo, V.; Meirelles, C. A. O. & Matthews-Cascon, H. 2015. Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from a poorly known area in North-east Brazil. Filling gaps in Atlantic distributions. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 115). https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267215000494."]}

40. Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 (Fig. 4J) Material examined: Praia de Santa Rita, Extremoz, 15.VIII.2016, one specimen, 35 mm (body length), phot. reg. P. Rocha. Praia de Ponta Negra, Natal, 02.XI.2020, two specimens, 30-32 mm (body length), phot. reg. Í. Sérgio. Description: Elongate and flat body, up to 35 mm (body length) in length. Color silver, rhinophores, cerata, oral tentacles, back dorsum and tail predominantly dark blue and white on ventral side. Head small with a ventral, small oral tentacles and very short rhinophores on the dorsal side. There are three pairs of clusters of cerata arranged on the lateral side of the body. Clusters of cerata mobile, allowing for retraction and distension movements similar to swimming. Geographic distribution: Widespread in the tropical and subtropical oceans (Churchill et al., 2014). Mediterranean Sea:Indian Ocean: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Australia; Cook Island, India, Lord Howe, Madagascar, Norfolk Islands, Seychelles, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Yemen (Srinivasulu et al., 2012); Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Galapagos, Hawaii, Mexico, USA (Srinivasulu et al., 2012); Western Pacific: Japan, New Zealand (Srinivasulu et al., 2012); Eastern Atlantic: Azores, Canaries, Madeira, South Africa (Srinivasulu et al., 2012); Western Atlantic: Aruba, Argentina, Barbados, Bermuda, Jamaica, Mexico, Uruguay, USA, and Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte – present study, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul) (Valdés et al., 2006; Segovia & López, 2015; Pinotti et al., 2019). Remarks: First record from Rio Grande do Norte. The specimens from both localities sampled were found at the seaside stranded close to Velella velella (Linnaeus, 1758)., Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Churchill, C. K. C.; Valdes, A. & Foighil, D. O. 2014. Molecular and morphological systematics of neustonic nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Glaucidae: Glaucus), with descriptions of three new cryptic species. Invertebrate Systematics, 28: 174 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 13038.","Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. & Kumar, G. C. 2012. First record of the blue sea slug (Glaucus atlanticus) from Andhra Pradesh - India. Taprobanica: The Journal of Asian Biodiversity, 4 (1): 52 - 53. https: // doi. org / 10.4038 / tapro. v 4 i 1.4386.","Valdes, A.; Hamann, J.; Behrens, D. & DuPont, A. 2006. Caribbean Sea Slugs. A field guide to the Opisthobranch mollusks from the tropical Northwestern Atlantic. Gig Harbor, WA, Sea Challengers. 289 p.","Segovia, J. & Lopez, G. 2015. Registro de Glaucus atlanticus en la costa de El Salvador, Pacifico de Centroamerica. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, (86): 1089 - 1090. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rmb. 2015.05.015.","Pinotti, R. M.; Bom, F. C. & Muxagata, E. 2019. On the occurrence and ecology of Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) along the Southwestern Atlantic coast. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, (91): 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765201920180154."]}

33. Doto chica Marcus & Marcus, 1960 (Fig. 4C) Material examined: Praia de Baia Formosa, Baia Formosa, 03.I.2011, three specimens, 5-6 mm (body length), leg. M. Delgado (GEEFAA 315). Description: Body flat and elongated, whitish with light brown spots over the entire body and also white, spots. Ceratae creamish, with light pink tubercles and blue spots. Rhinophores dark brown with minute, whitish spots. Head well developed, with small eyes, elongated oral tentacles, one pair of retractile rhinophores with basal projection. Medially, with anal and genital pores elevated. Two rows of longitudinal ceratae with globose tubercles. Posteriorly, smooth foot elongated forming a prominent tail. Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas, Costa Rica, Cuba, CuraÇao, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela, Brazil (Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte – present study, São Paulo) (Ev.Marcus & Er. Marcus,1960; Valdés et al., 2006; García et al., 2008; Galvão-Filho et al., 2015)., Published as part of Delgado, Marlon, Freire, Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais, Meirelles, Carlos Augusto Oliveira de, Padula, Vinicius, Bahia, Juliana & Brandão, Simone Nunes, 2022, Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-26 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 16, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.063, http://zenodo.org/record/7617672, {"references":["Marcus, E. D. B. R. & Marcus, E. 1960. Opisthobranchs from American Atlantic warm waters. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 10 (2): 129 - 203.","Valdes, A.; Hamann, J.; Behrens, D. & DuPont, A. 2006. Caribbean Sea Slugs. A field guide to the Opisthobranch mollusks from the tropical Northwestern Atlantic. Gig Harbor, WA, Sea Challengers. 289 p.","Garcia, F. J.; Dominguez-Alvarez, M. & Troncoso, J. S. 2008. Opistobranquios de Brasil: descripcion y distribucion de Opistobranquios del litoral de Brasil y del Archipielago Fernando de Noronha, Vigo, Feito, 215 p.","Galvao-Filho, H.; Araujo, A.; Silva, F.; Azevedo, V.; Meirelles, C. A. O. & Matthews-Cascon, H. 2015. Sea slugs (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from a poorly known area in North-east Brazil. Filling gaps in Atlantic distributions. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8 (e 115). https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267215000494."]}

Pericelis nazahui sp. nov. (Figures 8 A–I, 9 A–B, 10 A–F) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9C3E7659-04BD-40A6-9D1D-69AE80F42F60 Type locality: Yerbabuena Beach, Oaxaca, México (15°44'55.4''N, 96°7'48.2''W). Type material. Seven specimens. Holotype: as sagittal sections: UMAR PLAT-028 (sagittal sections of reproductive structures in five slides; Yerbabuena Beach, Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific; under rocks, 3 m, Oct 24, 2013, Coll.MRS). Paratypes: five as whole mounts; UMAR PLAT-029 - A, 2 specs. (Yerbabuena Beach, same as holotype); UMAR PLAT-030, 1 spec. (Cacaluta, Bay, under rocks, 10 m, Feb 26, 2013, Coll.MRS); UMAR PLAT- 031 - B, 2 specs. (Panteón Beach, under rocks, 2 m, Dec 06, 2013, Coll.ARS). One specimen in histology sections, UMAR PLAT-031C-G, 1 spec. in histological section (sagittal sections of reproductive structures in eight slides, the remaining portion is mounted on Canadian balsam in one slide; Panteón Beach, same as UMAR PLAT-031)., Published as part of Ramos-Sánchez, Mariela, Bahia, Juliana & Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, 2020, Five new species of cotylean flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific, pp. 49-83 in Zootaxa 4819 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3955834

Thysanozoon estacahuitensis sp. nov. (Figures 14 A–H, 15 A–G) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D2B05287-4865-4B2F-9975-5EAE1FFF26DB Type locality. Estacahuite Beach, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca (15°40'5.1'N, 96°28'53.3''W). Type material. Two specimens. Holotype : as sagittal sections: UMAR PLAT-036 (sagittal sections of reproductive structures in ten slides; Estacahuite Beach, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific; under rocks, 4 m, Oct 6, 2013, coll. MRS). Paratype : One specimen as whole mount: UMAR PLAT-040, 1 spec. (Estacahuite Beach, Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, same as holotype)., Published as part of Ramos-Sánchez, Mariela, Bahia, Juliana & Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, 2020, Five new species of cotylean flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific, pp. 49-83 in Zootaxa 4819 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3955834

Pseudoceros bicuti sp. nov. (Figures 11 A–F, 12, A–B, 13A–D) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9A40111E-34B7-47A6-A2B3-494967B0C58B Type locality. Cacaluta Bay, Oaxaca, México (15°43'12.1''N, 96°9'49.1'' W). Type material. Six specimens. Holotype: as sagittal sections: UMAR PLAT-032 (sagittal sections of reproductive structures seven slides; Cacaluta Bay, Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific; above corals, 1 m, Feb 1, 2013, coll. MRS). Paratypes: Four as whole mounts; UMAR PLAT-033, 1 spec. (Cacaluta Bay, same as holotype); UMAR PLAT-034, 1 spec. (Dos Hermanas Beach, under rocks, 0.5 m, Feb 1, 2013, coll. MRS); UMAR PLAT-035 - A, 2 specs., 1 spec. mature and 1 spec. juvenile (Panteón Beach, above the coral rock, 2 m, Dec 6, 2013, coll. ECL). One specimen in histology sections, UMAR PLAT-035B-C, 1 spec. (sagittal sections of reproductive structures two slides; Panteón Beach, same as UMAR PLAT-035).

Genus Pericelis Laidlaw, 1902 Emended diagnosis. Pericelidae with elongate oval or circular body; with paired marginal pseudotentacles; cerebral, tentacular and marginal eyes that encircle the body margin; central ruffled pharynx; male reproductive system with prominent seminal vesicle and penis papilla unarmed; female reproductive tract with a pair of uterine vesicles., Published as part of Ramos-Sánchez, Mariela, Bahia, Juliana & Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, 2020, Five new species of cotylean flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific, pp. 49-83 in Zootaxa 4819 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3955834, {"references":["Laidlaw, F. F. (1902) The marine Turbellaria, with an account of the anatomy of some of the species. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldives and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 1, 282 - 312."]}

Pericelis sigmeri sp. nov. (Figures 5 A–J, 6A–C, 7A–F) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8195DEB1-1EB1-497C-AED7-02BC20272059 Type locality. Cacaluta Bay, Oaxaca, México (15°43'12.08"N, 96°9'49.08"W). Type material. Seven specimens. Holotype : as sagittal sections: UMAR PLAT-025 (reproductive structures in six slides; Cacaluta Bay, Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific; under rocks, 10 m, May 7, 2013, coll. MRS). Paratypes : Six specimens as whole mounts: UMAR PLAT-026 A-C, 4 specs. (Cacaluta Bay, same as holotype); UMAR PLAT-027, 1 spec. (Panteón Beach, under rocks, 3 m, Dec 6, 2013, coll. MRS). One specimen preserved in 70% ethanol: UMAR PLAT-026 D, 1 spec. (Cacaluta Bay, same as holotype).

Genus Thysanozoon Grube, 1840 Emended diagnosis. Pseudocerotidae with a dorsal surface covered with blunt or oblong pointed papillae which may be contractile. Pseudotentacles, marginal and cerebral eyes present, with separate gonopores, male reproductive system double, with seminal vesicle and armed penis papilla, and single female reproductive system., Published as part of Ramos-Sánchez, Mariela, Bahia, Juliana & Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, 2020, Five new species of cotylean flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific, pp. 49-83 in Zootaxa 4819 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3955834, {"references":["Grube, A. E. (1840) Actinien, Echinodermen und Wuermer des adriatischen und Mittelmeers, nach eigenen Sammlungen beschrieben. J. H. Bon, Koenigsberg, 92 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 23025"]}

Genus Paraplanocera Laidlaw, 1903b Diagnosis. Planoceridae with oval or circular body; robust and conspicuous nuchal tentacles; without marginal eyes, with cerebral and tentacular eyes; the pharynx is located in the central region of the body; gonopores separate; male reproductive system lacks a seminal vesicle; with a prostatic vesicle; spermiducal vesicle; cirrus sac with spines and conspicuous teeth and female reproductive system with bursa copulatrix; vagina with scalloped epithelium and Lang��s vesicle (modified from Faubel 1983)., Published as part of Ramos-S��nchez, Mariela, Bahia, Juliana & Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, 2019, New genus, new species and new records of marine acotylean flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Acotylea) from Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific, pp. 30-58 in Zootaxa 4700 (1) on pages 30-58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3545266, {"references":["Laidlaw, F. F. (1903 b) On a collection of Turbellaria Polycladida from the Straits of Malacca. (Skeat Expedition 1899 - 1900). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1903, 301 - 318. Available from: https: // archive. org / details / b 2240658 x / page / n 1 (Accessed 15 Nov. 2019)","Faubel, A. (1983) The Polycladida, Turbellaria proposal and establishment of a new system part. I. The Acotylea. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 8, 17 - 121."]}

This study aimed to validate and present a proposal for an audit instrument for outpatient physiotherapy services of SUS. It is a methodological study with a descriptive approach, where from a literature review a six-dimensional instrument and 79 criteria of inquiry distributed among them were elaborated. The instrument was validated two steps: one in a single electronic round, with 16 SUS auditors and the other in a pilot study conducted in two public physiotherapy services. The instrument was validated in two stages: the first through the Delphi cycle with 16 SUS auditors and the second in a pilot study conducted in two public physiotherapy services. Composed of the instrument, the following dimensions: normative adequacy; physical structure; material resources; people management; organization / operation and management of results; with distributed criteria and punctuation that total 79 points, and its application of the instrument can be carried out extensively or intensively. It was proposed a classification of the degree of conformity, which varied from incipient to advanced, considering the total score and subscores of the instrument. That the proposal of this instrument assist in the systematization of the audits of physiotherapy services of the SUS, allowing comparative analyzes of the degree of conformity between the services and that subsidize recommendations, preventive, corrective and punitive measures (when necessary), which reflect on the quality of attention, safety and user satisfaction., Este estudio como objetivo validar y presentar una propuesta de instrumento de auditoría para servicios ambulatorios de fisioterapia del SUS. Se trata de un estudio metodológico con abordaje descriptivo, donde a partir de una revisión de literatura se elaboró ​​un instrumento seis dimensiones y 79 criterios de averiguación distribuidos entre ellas. Se validó el instrumento en dos etapas: la primera a través del ciclo Delphi con 16 auditores del SUS y la segunda en estudio piloto realizado en dos servicios públicos de fisioterapia. Compone el instrumento, las siguientes dimensiones: adecuación normativa; estructura física; recursos materiales; gestión de personas; organización / funcionamiento y gestión de resultados; con criterios y puntuación distribuidos que totalizan 79 puntos, pudiendo su aplicación del instrumento ser realizada de forma extensiva o intensiva. Se propuso una clasificación del grado de conformidad, que varía de incipiente a avanzado, considerando la puntuación total y subescores del instrumento. Que la propuesta del presente instrumento auxilie en la sistematización de las auditorías de servicios de fisioterapia del SUS, permitiendo análisis comparativos del grado de conformidad entre los servicios y que subsidien recomendaciones, medidas preventivas, correctivas y punitivas (cuando sea necesario), que reflejen sobre la calidad de la atención, la seguridad y la satisfacción de los usuarios., Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de instrumento de auditoria para serviços ambulatoriais de fisioterapia do SUS. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, a partir de revisão nacional de artigos, teses, dissertações e documentos técnico-normativos do Ministério da Saúde e Conselho Federal de Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, publicados entre 1986 e 2014.Validou-se o instrumento em duas etapas: um em rodada única e eletrônica, com 16 auditores do SUS e outra, em estudo piloto realizado em dois serviços públicos de fisioterapia. O instrumento é apresentado nas seguintes dimensões: adequação normativa; estrutura física; recursos materiais; gestão de pessoas; organização/funcionamento e gestão de resultados; com critérios e pontuação distribuídos que totalizam 79 pontos, podendo a aplicação do instrumento ser realizada de forma extensiva ou intensiva. Propõe-se uma classificação do grau de conformidade, que varia de incipiente a avançado, considerando o escore total e subescores do instrumento. Espera-se que a proposta do presente instrumento auxilie na sistematização das auditorias de serviços de fisioterapia do SUS, permitindo análises comparativas do grau de conformidade entre os serviços e que subsidiem recomendações, medidas preventivas, corretivas e punitivas (quando necessário), que reflitam sobre a qualidade da atenção, segurança e satisfação dos usuários.

Pseudobiceros splendidus (Stummer-Traunfels, 1933) Taxonomic remarks. The name Pseudoceros splendidus was created by Stummer-Traunfels (1933) to substitute Pseudoceros suberbus (Lang 1884), because the specific name suberbus was already occupied when he transferred the yellow-background species Eurylepta suberba (Schmarda 1859) to Pseudoceros. The name Pseudobiceros splendidus corresponds to a dark-background yellow-orange margin species with a broad geographic distribution, therefore we recommend its revision with all other dark-background species., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Stummer-Traunfels, R. (1933) Polycladida (continued). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs IV. (Vermes). (Leipzig). pp. 3485 - 3596.","Lang, A. (1884) Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna Flora Golfes v. Neapel, Leipzig, 11, ix + 668 pp","Schmarda, L. K. (1859) Neue Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. In: Neue Wirbellose Thiere I. 1 - 66, 15 pl."]}

Bahia, Juliana, Schrödl, Michael (2016): Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus. Zootaxa 4097 (1): 101-117, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5

Pseudobiceros rubrocinctus (Schmarda, 1859) Taxonomic remarks. This species was originally described as Eurylepta rubrocincta (Schmarda 1859) and its genus placement became subject of further discussion (Diesing 1962, Lang 1884). The original description stated that the pharynx is cylindrical, but later drawing (Stummer-Traunfels 1933) of the material showed it was lacking from the pharynx pouch. The species was placed in Pseudoceros by Stummer-Traunfels (1933), who also showed it presents two male gonopores. This information was listed by Marcus (1950) and later Faubel (1984) transferred the species to Pseudobiceros. However, it is not present in Newman & Cannon���s (1994, 1997) revisions. Here we support Faubel���s decision and list it as a valid species., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Schmarda, L. K. (1859) Neue Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. In: Neue Wirbellose Thiere I. 1 - 66, 15 pl.","Lang, A. (1884) Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna Flora Golfes v. Neapel, Leipzig, 11, ix + 668 pp","Stummer-Traunfels, R. (1933) Polycladida (continued). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs IV. (Vermes). (Leipzig). pp. 3485 - 3596.","Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria brasileiros (8). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 69 - 190.","Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria Proposal and establishment of a new system Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen Hamburbischen Zoologischen Museum und Institute, 81, 189 - 259."]}

Pseudobiceros periculosus Newman & Cannon, 1994 Taxonomic remarks. The species belongs to a color group showing a dark background and orange to yellow margin that should be thoroughly revised. Prudhoe (1977) reported from Queensland a species with two male gonopores which he misidentified as Pseudoceros flavomarginatus. This species was listed under single male gonopore Pseudoceros species (Laidlaw 1902, p. 297 and 298), but Prudhoe’s specimen belongs to a darkbackground Pseudobiceros. The description by Prudhoe fits the species Pseudobiceros periculosus (Newman & Cannon 1994) in marginal and background color, elongated cerebral eyespots group, and geographical proximity.

Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. Figures 1 and 2 Type material. Holotype: One specimen 21 x 16 mm collected October 2009 at Senegal, near Ngor Island (Voucher ZSM 20160015 HT). Paratypes: Two specimens in 96 % ethanol collected 14.10. 2009 at Santo Ant��o, Cape Verde (Voucher ZSM 20160016 PT) Geographic distribution. Senegal and Cape Verde. Additional photographic records from Madeira (17.03.2009, photo cortesy prof. Dr. Peter Wirtz) and Canarias Islands (Vera et al. 2008). Etymology. The species is named after Prof. Dr. Peter Wirtz, who provided the material and has contributed with numerous marine invertebrate field guides over the years. Diagnosis. Black to very dark brown background color with narrow yellow lines, some of them partly white, mostly on their tips. Thin lines scattered on dorsal surface, without distinctive orientation; most transverse but not straight, curving and some even splitting. Description. Color: Black to very dark brown background color. Narrow yellow lines, some of them partly white, mostly on their tips. Thin lines scattered on dorsal surface, without distinctive orientation; most transverse but not straight, curving and some even splitting. In Senegal specimen lines white when nearer to margin; in Madeira worms, yellow lines and all white lines in middle of body (Fig. 1 A, C). Form: body rounded, delicate constitution, ruffled margin. Pseudotentacles: pointed ear-like, about 2 mm long (Fig. 1 C, Fig. 2 A). Eyes: cerebral eyespots arranged in horseshoe shape cluster of approximately 18 eyespots. Deep dark coloration and contracted pseudotentacular area making eyespots counting difficult. Ventral pseudotentacular eyespots in four groups, two in sinus between folds, and other two on each broad flap of marginal tentacles (Fig. 1 A). Dorsally, two groups with evenly spaced eyespots in broader part of pointed ear-like tentacle, and two groups, one in each pseudotentacular tips (Fig. 1 A). These more densely arranged as in main pseudotentacle structure. Digestive system: mouth opens at 4 mm from anterior margin, pharynx short with 4 to 5 shallow folds, 1.7 mm long (Fig. 1 B). Body wall: sucker 1 mm in diameter, located at 1.2 mm from female gonopore. Ventrally, epidermis almost twice as thick as basement membrane, densely ciliated. Muscular layers thin, outer longitudinal, followed inward by circular and inner diagonal. Gonopores: two male and one female gonopores. Male pores 0.5 mm in diameter at 5.5 mm from anterior margin; female pore 1 mm behind male gonopore, 6 mm in diameter (Fig. 1 B). Male reproductive system: seminal vesicle large and elongated, 0.5 mm long and 0.3 mm broad. Prostatic vesicle rounded and 0.19 mm in diameter (Fig. 2 B, C, D). Ejaculatory duct straight, 0.2 mm long. Male atrium shallow, penis papillae 0.25 long and stylet short. Female reproductive system: specimen seems to be immature, since we have not found in our slides female structures, like cement glands, vagina and uteri. Taxonomic remarks. The presence of two male gonopores, smooth dorsal surface, simple and shallow folded pharynx and complex folded pseudotentacles place the new species in the genus Pseudobiceros. Pseudocerotidae species with black background and yellow and white lines color pattern are not common. Pseudoceros zebra generally resembles the studied species in its color pattern (R��ppell & Leuckart 1828), but, they belong to different genera. Pseudoceros zebra present the complex ruffled pharynx typical for Pseudoceros, while Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. has few simple folds in its pharynx. In addition, the newly described species lacks a marginal band and exhibits a dorsal surface with thin yellow and white transverse and multiple lines in multiple directions, mostly transverse, instead of the lack of pigmentation between black areas showed by Pseudoceros zebra. In Marcus��� (1950), Faubel���s (1984), and Newman & Cannon���s (1994) revisions of accepted Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros species, no other Pseudobiceros species match the color pattern presented by P. wirtzi. Newman & Cannon pointed out species with transverse lines pattern such as Pseudobiceros bedfordi, P. dendricticus, P. flavolineatus, P. fulgor, but all present a distinctive margin, which is lacking in our specimens. Pseudobiceros bedfordi, (Laidlaw 1903 a) has a much more complex color pattern with wider stripes instead of lines, and with blotches, mottling, and different colored dots that are absent from P. wirtzi. Pseudobiceros dendricticus, has yellow background color and brown longitudinal lines and a yellow median line (Prudhoe 1989), instead of black background color and yellow and white lines as the studied specimens. Pseudobiceros flavolineatus (Prudhoe 1989) is the one that most resembles P. wirtzi, but it presents a double row of dark spots on its margin, has a reddish brown background color and the narrow yellow lines are disposed from the median line to the margin without touching each other, in a concentric design, which is not the case in P. wirtzi. The Australian species P. fulgor (Newman & Cannon 1994) has white stripes instead of yellow and a lighter background color of brownish orange or deep pink, and presents yellow or cream blotches and black margin that are absent in P. wirtzi, in addition to a rounded seminal vesicle instead of elongated. The studied specimens belong to the same species as the ones illustrated in P��rez Sanch��z & Moreno Batet (1990, p: 101), Wirtz & Debelius (2003, p: 84) and Newman & Cannon (2003, p: 84). It was also recently reported, but not described, as Pseudocerotidae sp 4 from Canary Islands by Vera et al. (2008)., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on pages 105-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Vera, A., Moro, L., Bacallado, J. J. & Hernandez, F. (2008) Contribucion al conocimiento de La biodiversidad de policlados (Pltyhelminthes, Turbellaria) em las Islas Canarias. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 20 (4), 45 - 59.","Ruppell, E. & Leuckart, F. S. (1828) Neue wirbellose Thiere des rothen Meers. Atlas zu der Reise im nordlichen Africa. 11 - 14. Frankfurt am Main.","Laidlaw, F. F. (1903 a) On a collection of Turbellaria Polycladida from the straits of Malacca (Skeat Expedition, 1889 - 1900). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 301 - 318, plate 23.","Prudhoe, S. (1989) Polyclad turbellarians recorded from African Waters. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zool), 55 (1), 47 - 96.","Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocertotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266.","Wirtz, P. & Debelius, H. (2003) Mediterranean and Atlantic Invertebrate Guide. ConchBooks (Ed.), Hackenheim, Germany, 305 pp.","Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (2003) Marine flatworms: The world of polyclads. Csiro. Collingwood, Australia, 97 pp."]}

Pseudobiceros punctatus (Laidlaw, 1902) nov. comb. Taxonomic remarks. The species ��� Pseudoceros ��� punctatus is also absent from any species lists but Marcus��� (1950). The original description (Laidlaw, 1902) let no doubt of the specimen having two male gonopores, because it was listed under the Pseudoceros species with a pair of penes. It is, thus transferred here to Pseudobiceros as a new combination. The species still lacks a re-description that would contain internal and pharynx details., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Laidlaw, F. F. (1902) The marine Turbellaria, with an account of the anatomy of some of the species. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 1 (3), 282 - 312."]}

Pseudobiceros schmardae Faubel, 1984 Taxonomic remarks. The name was created to resolve confusion that resulted from the original description of Prosthecereus latissimus (Schmarda 1859). Drawings of the type material show that two different animals were described under the same name; one clearly refers to Prosthecereus (Stummer-Traunfels 1933, fig. 103 a) as it was illustrated by Schmarda (1859, p. 32); and the other animal with two male gonopores (fig. 103 b) shows characteristics typical for Pseudobiceros. The species was entirely put under Pseudoceros and the variation of number of gonopores was considered a plastic character (Stummer-Traunfels 1933, Marcus 1950). With the creation of the genus Pseudobiceros, Faubel (1984) created the new name to encompass the flatworm described by Schmarda and illustrated with two male gonopores. The species was not considered in Newman & Cannon���s (1994, 1997) revisions. However, we support it is a valid species (Table 1)., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria Proposal and establishment of a new system Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen Hamburbischen Zoologischen Museum und Institute, 81, 189 - 259.","Schmarda, L. K. (1859) Neue Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. In: Neue Wirbellose Thiere I. 1 - 66, 15 pl.","Stummer-Traunfels, R. (1933) Polycladida (continued). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs IV. (Vermes). (Leipzig). pp. 3485 - 3596.","Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria brasileiros (8). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 69 - 190."]}

Pseudobiceros miniatus (Schmarda, 1859) Taxonomic remarks. This species was originally described as Eurylepta miniata (Schmarda 1859). Then its genus was discussed by Diesing (1862), who transferred it to Proceros, and Lang (1884), who transferred it to Yungia. Later, Stummer-Traunfels (1933) placed it into Pseudoceros. The drawings about Schmarda material inside Stummer-Traunfels��� paper (p. 3539, fig. 90), depict the species with two male gonopores, thus Faubel (1984) transferred it to Pseudobiceros. The presence of two male pores was also noted by Marcus (1950). We support that decision, as the species cannot belong to Yungia or Pseudoceros because of its two male gonopores. It is not clear why the species was not included into Newman & Cannon���s (1994, 1997) list of Pseudobiceros valid species., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Schmarda, L. K. (1859) Neue Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. In: Neue Wirbellose Thiere I. 1 - 66, 15 pl.","Diesing, K. M. (1862) Revision der Turbellarien. Abteilung: Dendrocoelen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 44 (27), 485 - 578.","Lang, A. (1884) Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna Flora Golfes v. Neapel, Leipzig, 11, ix + 668 pp","Stummer-Traunfels, R. (1933) Polycladida (continued). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs IV. (Vermes). (Leipzig). pp. 3485 - 3596.","Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria Proposal and establishment of a new system Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen Hamburbischen Zoologischen Museum und Institute, 81, 189 - 259.","Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria brasileiros (8). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 69 - 190."]}

Pseudobiceros undulatus (Kelaart, 1858) Taxonomic remarks. The species was originally described as Planaria undulata (Kelaart 1858) and synonymized with Schmarda���s (1859) Eurylepta suberba and later mentions in different genera (Diesing 1962, Stummer- Traunfels 1933), by Marcus (1950). Stummer-Traunfels (1933) illustrated the species having two male gonopores, thus it was transferred to Pseudobiceros by Faubel (1984). There is, however, a disparity in the drawings presented by Schmarda (1859), without a clear purplish median line, and Collingwood (1876), with the median line. This species should be further studied with the examination of fresh specimens as to solve if there is such color plasticity. It is unclear why this species was left out by Newman & Cannon (1994, 1997)., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Kelaart, E. F. (1858) Description of new and little known species of Ceylon Nudibranchiate Molluscs, and Zoophytes. Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 9, 84 - 139.","Stummer-Traunfels, R. (1933) Polycladida (continued). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs IV. (Vermes). (Leipzig). pp. 3485 - 3596.","Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria brasileiros (8). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 69 - 190.","Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria Proposal and establishment of a new system Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen Hamburbischen Zoologischen Museum und Institute, 81, 189 - 259.","Schmarda, L. K. (1859) Neue Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. In: Neue Wirbellose Thiere I. 1 - 66, 15 pl.","Collingwood, C. (1876) On thirty-one species of marine planarians, collected partly by the late Dr. Kelaart, F. L. S., at Trincomalee, and partly by Dr. Collingwood, F. L. S., in the Eastern Seas. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Second Series (Zoology), 1 (3), 83 - 98, plates 17 - 19.","Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocertotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266.","Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1997) Nine new species of Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Indo- Pacific. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 45 (2), 341 - 368."]}

Genus Pseudobiceros Faubel, 1984 Type species: Pseudobiceros strigosus (Marcus, 1950) junior synonym of Pseudobiceros gratus (Kato, 1937) Taxonomic remarks. The confusion about the genus Pseudobiceros begins with its type species. Pseudoceros strigosus was a name created by Marcus (1950) to solve confusion resulted from the misuse of the specific name striata (in the originally Eurylepta description (Schmarda 1859)) or striatus (after it was relocated in Pseudoceros (Stummer-Traunfels 1933, p. 3487 and fig. 95) He stated a distinction between P. striatus sensu Schmarda (1859, p. 27 and fig. 62) and sensu Keelart (1858, p. 137; Keelart in Collingwood 1876, p. 97 and fig. 25), since one is described as white with dark stripes and the other as dark with bright stripes. Hyman (1959 a) solved the confusion stating P. gratus (Kato 1937) is synonymous to the original Schmarda species and thus there was no need for the new name given by Marcus. Faubel (1984) followed Marcus��� opinion, while Newman & Cannon (1994) followed Hyman. We find that Hyman (1959) is right and Pseudobiceros gratus has priority over P. strigosus. However, Pseudobiceros strigosus is still the name of the genus type. There is only observation that must be done to Newman & Cannon (1994), Pseudoceros habroptilus (Hyman 1959) should not be included in Pseudobiceros gratus synonym list, as it was described without information about reproductive structures, and it was draw with two median lines instead of one, as present in Pseudobiceros gratus., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria Proposal and establishment of a new system Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen Hamburbischen Zoologischen Museum und Institute, 81, 189 - 259.","Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria brasileiros (8). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 69 - 190.","Kato, K. (1937) Polylcadida collected in Idu, Japan. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 7, 211 - 235.","Schmarda, L. K. (1859) Neue Turbellarien, Rotatorien und Anneliden beobachtet und gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde 1853 bis 1857. In: Neue Wirbellose Thiere I. 1 - 66, 15 pl.","Stummer-Traunfels, R. (1933) Polycladida (continued). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs IV. (Vermes). (Leipzig). pp. 3485 - 3596.","Collingwood, C. (1876) On thirty-one species of marine planarians, collected partly by the late Dr. Kelaart, F. L. S., at Trincomalee, and partly by Dr. Collingwood, F. L. S., in the Eastern Seas. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Second Series (Zoology), 1 (3), 83 - 98, plates 17 - 19.","Hyman, L. H. (1959) A further study of Micronesian polyclad flatworms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 108 (3410), 543 - 597. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.108 - 3410.543","Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocertotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266."]}

Pseudobiceros bedfordi (Laidlaw, 1903 a) Taxonimic remarks. Pseudobiceros bedfordi has under its synonym list (Table 1) the species Pseudoceros micronesianus, described by Hyman (1955). However, Faubel (1984) makes a new combination of this species adding it to Pseudobiceros, but citing Hyman 1953 as the author, and considering P. bedfordi and P. micronesianus as separate species. There is no species with that name in Hyman (1953), so that might have been a misspelling. Later, Newman & Cannon (1994), despite not commenting Faubel���s list (1984), already clarified that the species described by Hyman (1955) is synonym of Pseudobiceros bedfordi, after examining its holotype. Here we support that decision and do not consider Pseudobiceros micronesianus as a valid species., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Laidlaw, F. F. (1903 a) On a collection of Turbellaria Polycladida from the straits of Malacca (Skeat Expedition, 1889 - 1900). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 301 - 318, plate 23.","Hyman, L. H. (1955) Some polyclad flatworms from Polynesia and Micronesia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 105 (3352), 65 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.105 - 3352.65","Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria Proposal and establishment of a new system Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen Hamburbischen Zoologischen Museum und Institute, 81, 189 - 259.","Hyman, L. H. (1953) The polyclad flatworms of the Pacific coast of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 100 (2), 265 - 392.","Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocertotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266."]}

Pseudobiceros hancockanus (Collingwood, 1876) Taxonomic remarks. This species was subject to much confusion concerning its synonym list. It was originally described as Proceros hancockanus (Collingwood 1876) and assigned to Prosthecereus by Lang (1884) and to Pseudoceros by Laidlaw (1903). Marcus (1950) also recognized Prosthecereus -like pseudotentacles in the drawings. Kaburaki (1923), however, synonymized it to another Collingwood (1876) species: Pseudoceros malayaensis (originally described as Stylochopsis and assigned to Pseudoceros by Bock (1913)) which has the same color pattern and color but was represented with different pseudotentacles. Bock (1913) also listed both species as synonyms, but argued that a final decision about their identity should be let open. Faubel (1984) did not include both species in Pseudoceros, Pseudobiceros, Prosthecereus or in the incertae sedis species list. Newman & Cannon (1994) treated both as synonyms; adding information from fresh material, they transferred the species to Pseudobiceros. Here we follow Newman & Cannon���s (1994) position. It is, however, necessary to revise all the species showing black background color and orange or yellow margin, using museum and fresh material., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Collingwood, C. (1876) On thirty-one species of marine planarians, collected partly by the late Dr. Kelaart, F. L. S., at Trincomalee, and partly by Dr. Collingwood, F. L. S., in the Eastern Seas. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Second Series (Zoology), 1 (3), 83 - 98, plates 17 - 19.","Lang, A. (1884) Die Polycladen (Seeplanarien) des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Eine Monographie. Fauna Flora Golfes v. Neapel, Leipzig, 11, ix + 668 pp","Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria brasileiros (8). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 69 - 190.","Kaburaki, T. (1923) The Polyclad turbellarians from the Philippine Islands. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (1 / 10), 635 - 651.","Bock, S. (1913) Studien uber Polycladen. Zoologiska Bijdrag fran Uppsala, 2, 31 - 344.","Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria Proposal and establishment of a new system Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen Hamburbischen Zoologischen Museum und Institute, 81, 189 - 259.","Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocertotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266."]}

Pseudobiceros luteomarginatus (Yeri & Kaburaki, 1918) Taxonomic remarks. This species is listed as synonymous to Pseudobiceros flavomarginatus by Faubel (1984). However, the original description (Laidlaw 1902) divides Pseudoceros species in forms with a pair of penes or single penis, and P. flavomarginatus is under the species with single penis. This fact was already pointed out by Marcus (1950), who considered Pseudoceros flavomarginatus and luteomarginatus as separate species based on the number of gonopores and color information. The original Pseudoceros luteomarginatus description (Yeri & Kaburaki 1918) stated clearly (p. 38; plate I, fig. 5) that this Pseudocerotidae has two male gonopores and smooth dorsal surface. So we think that the synonym and new combination presented by Faubel (1984) was result of some confusion about the literature consulted. Thus we argue that Pseudobiceros flavomarginatus should be left in Pseudoceros, as it has only one male gonopore, and that Pseudoceros luteomarginatus should be transferred to Pseudobiceros, as it has two male gonopores. Since the transference of P. luteomarginatus was indirectly done by Faubel (1984), we consider that he had established this new combination. It is, however, unclear why the species mentioned above were ignored from Newman & Cannon���s (1994, 1997) Pseudobiceros species list. Pseudoceros flavomarginatus was mentioned in the discussion of Pseudobiceros periculosus (Newman & Cannon 1994) where it was wrongly stated that Laidlaw did not give any additional details about gonopores., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Yeri, M. & Kaburaki, T. (1918) Description of some Japanese Polyclad Turbellaria. Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University, 39 (9), 1 - 54.","Faubel, A. (1984) The Polycladida, Turbellaria Proposal and establishment of a new system Part II. The Cotylea. Mitteilungen Hamburbischen Zoologischen Museum und Institute, 81, 189 - 259.","Laidlaw, F. F. (1902) The marine Turbellaria, with an account of the anatomy of some of the species. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 1 (3), 282 - 312.","Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria brasileiros (8). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 69 - 190.","Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocertotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266."]}

Pseudobiceros viridis (Kelaart 1858) Taxonomic remarks. The species Pseudoceros viridis was included in Pseudobiceros in Faubel���s (1984) revision based evidences that it has two instead of one male gonopore and pointed ear like tentacles (Stummer-Traunfels 1933, p. 3543; Marcus 1950). However, this species is not present in Newman & Cannon���s (1994) revision. Later described mottled green species such as Pseudobiceros brogani and Pseudobiceros kryptos (Newman & Cannon, 1997) are externally similar to P. v i r i di s and are also from the Indo-Pacific. They should be compared with P. viridis material from the type locality and corresponding histological slides so as to confirm these three species are indeed different., Published as part of Bahia, Juliana & Schr��dl, Michael, 2016, Pseudobiceros wirtzi sp. nov. (Polycladida: Cotylea) from Senegal with revision of valid species of the genus, pp. 101-117 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 105, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/267125, {"references":["Kelaart, E. F. (1858) Description of new and little known species of Ceylon Nudibranchiate Molluscs, and Zoophytes. Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 9, 84 - 139.","Stummer-Traunfels, R. (1933) Polycladida (continued). In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs IV. (Vermes). (Leipzig). pp. 3485 - 3596.","Marcus, E. (1950) Turbellaria brasileiros (8). Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 15, 69 - 190.","Newman, L. J. & Cannon, L. R. G. (1997) Nine new species of Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Indo- Pacific. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 45 (2), 341 - 368."]}

Eurylepta aurantiaca Heath & Mc Gregor 1912 (Fig. 19) Material examined. One specimen (12 x 4 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (MNRJ-PLAT 76, 11 slides). Collected 20.04. 2008 at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 "S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 "W). Distribution. Described from Monterey Bay, California (Heath & McGregor 1912) and reported from Washington State, USA (Hyman 1955 a) and from the Caribbean coast of Colombia (Quiroga et al. 2004 b). This is the first record from Brazil. Diagnosis. Translucent body, with red longitudinal line, interrupted several times; small white dots disposed in the dorsal surface and in a transversal line at the posterior end of the body. Two long uterine vesicles; main intestine with seven or eight branches at each side. Description. Color: Translucent body, color is due to intestine content. Our specimen was pinkish orange. White spots present dorsally, at the middle dorsal region after the cerebral eyespots and as a transversal line at 4.5 mm from anterior margin. Median line reddish, interrupted several times (Fig. 19). Reddish dots also occur dorsally at each side of the median line. Whitish tentacles. Form: Oval, elongated. Pseudotentacles: Tentacles pointed and thin measuring 0.6 mm. Eyespots: Tentacular eyespot groups located dorsally at tentacle extremities (8–12 eyespots) and between tentacles (13–15 eyespots); ventrally at tentacle extremities (17–25 eyespots). Cerebral eyespots at 0.9 mm from the anterior margin, in two elongated groups (0.4 x 0.2 mm) and very near one of the other, each with about 15 eyespots. Digestive system: Tubular pharynx measures 1.4 mm. Main intestine with eight branches, without anastomoses, occupying 53 % of the body. Epidermis and body wall: Dorsal epidermis (40 µm) taller than ventral epidermis (20 µm). Basal membrane well developed, with eosinophilic coloration and 9 µm thickness. Thin body wall, with circular muscular layer externally and diagonal muscular layer internally. Muscular layers with 0.010 µm thickness dorsally and 0.020 µm ventrally. Sucker at 3.5 mm from the anterior margin, measures 0.2 mm. Gonopores: Male gonopore at 2.4 mm from the anterior margin, measures 0.2 mm. Female gonopore located right after, measures 0.22 mm. Both at the median line of the body. Male reproductive system: Our specimen was immature and it was not possible to observe prostatic and seminal vesicle, penis, and other male structures. Testicles also could not be identified in the histological sections, which corroborates the immaturity of our specimen. Female reproductive system: Female apparatus of our specimen also immature, cement glands could not be observed and nor a well-defined vagina. Taxonomic remarks. Our specimen is in accordance with the original description (Heath & Mc Gregor 1912), despite small variations in color. This does not represent a strong character in Euryleptidae, especially in translucent species that are colored by the food content present in the intestine. However, the general coloration pattern, with the presence of a median line and small white dots dorsally, is the same as originally described (Heath & McGregor 1912, pg: 481). Three Eurylepta species are known from Brazil; all present differences in coloration pattern, eyespot group arrangement and number of intestine branches. Differences between our specimen and Eurylepta piscatoria (Marcus 1947) are the coloration pattern, body form and both cerebral and tentacular eyespot group arrangement (Marcus 1947, pg: 136 and 205). Eurylepta neptis Dubois-Reymond Marcus 1955 and E. turma Marcus 1952 present lower number of main intestine branches and cerebral eyespot group wider and shorter (Marcus 1952, pg: 94 and 183; Dubois-Reymond Marcus 1955, pg: 43). Another species from this genus with similar coloration pattern and Western Atlantic distribution is E. maculosa Verrill 1892. This species differs from our specimen in the cerebral and tentacular eyespot arrangement (Hyman 1939 b, pg: 149; Hyman 1952, pg: 198). Eurylepta multicelis (Hyman 1955 b) differs from our specimen also in eyespot arrangement and in the presence of peripheral glands.

Pericelis cata Marcus & Marcus 1968 (Fig. 2) Material examined. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 24, 23 x 22 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (23 slides), rest of the animal in ethanol 70 %. Collected 0 3.08. 2008 at Enseada do Mimi, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 30.85 "S; 41 ° 59 ' 9.52 "W). Depth: 6 m. Distribution. This species was recorded from Curaçao (type locality; Marcus & Marcus 1968), Colombian Caribbean (Quiroga et al. 2004 b), Cabo Frio (Bahia & Padula 2009) and Bahia, Brazil (Queiroz et al. 2013). At Cabo Frio P. c a t a seems to occur only at the sublittoral, as no specimen was found at the intertidal zone, but instead at 6 to 10 m depth, and only at Ilha do Papagaio. Diagnosis. Pattern of coloration mottled with dark beige coloration combined with black spots; marginal tentacles distant from each other; marginal, pre-cerebral and cerebral eyespots present; cerebral eyespots in two elongated rows, not clearly separated in the middle. Seminal vesicle very muscularized and developed; male atrium shallow and uterine duct with muscular sphincter. Description. External characters as described in Bahia & Padula (2009). Epidermis and body wall: Ventral epidermis 66 µm tall and dorsal epidermis 44 µm tall. Body wall with external longitudinal muscular layer and internal diagonal muscular layer. Rhabdites are observed both dorsally and ventrally. Gonopores: Male and female gonopore closely together at 22 mm from the anterior margin. Pores open independently (Fig. 2 B). Male reproductive system: Testicles ventral. Penis papillae (0.5 mm) muscular and directed backwards as the rest of the male structures (Fig. 2 B). Seminal vesicle rounded and well developed (1.5 x 1.3 mm), male atrium shallow (Fig. 2 B). Ejaculatory duct filled with sperm and granules of eosinophylic secretion. Female reproductive system: Ovaries dorsally disposed. Uterine duct epithelium tall (Fig. 2 D). Uterine ducts separated from vagina by a muscular sphincter (Fig. 2 D). Vagina directed backwards (Fig. 2 B and D), 410 µm long, with folds at the epithelium and cement pouch present (Fig. 2 D). Taxonomic remarks. We found larger specimens (from 23 x 22 mm to 45 x 34 mm) than those observed in the original description (from 27 x 21 mm to 33 x 21 mm), but external morphological and anatomical differences were not found. Other species in this genus (P. bayerleyana, P. orbicularis, P. hymanae) do not present a sphincter in the uterine duct and seminal vesicle as large as P. c a t a (Marcus & Marcus 1968), or present a deeper male atrium (Meixner 1907; Hyman 1953; Poulter 1975), and cerebral eyespot clusters clearly separated (Hyman 1953). Ecology. One specimen of Pericelis cata was, during one collection, placed in the same container with a nudibranch specimen of Felimare lajensis (Troncoso, Garcia & Urgorri 1998). When they were released, P. c a t a was “wounded” (a rip in the median part of the body) and there were only pieces of gonad and epithelial tissue from F. lajensis (Fig. 2 C). No contact was observed between these species in the field, but P. c a t a may have chemical compounds that match or exceed the ones present in F. lajensis, such as furodisine lactone, obtained from its dysideid sponge prey (Pereira et al. 2012).

Pseudoceros rawlinsonae Bolaños, Quiroga & Litvaitis 2007 (Fig. 6) Material examined. Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 0 1, 9 x 6 mm e 8 x 6 mm) preserved in 70 % ethanol, one as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (14 slides), collected 20.04. 2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 0 4, 15 x 11 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (19 slides), collected 0 7.02. 2009. One specimen (MNRJ- PLAT 37, 19 x 11 mm) as sagittal sections of the reproductive structures (18 slides), collected 30.08. 2008. All collected at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 o 52 ’ 15.40 ’’S; 41 o 58 ’ 51.86 ’’W). One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 38, 11 x 8 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (14 slides). Collected 0 1.09. 2008 at Canal de Itajuru, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 º 53 ’ 11 ’’S, 42 º00’08’’W). One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 39, 13 x 8 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (11 slides). Collected 30.12. 2008 at Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 53.21 "S, 41 ° 58 ' 59.40 "W). Distribution. The species P. rawlinsonae was described from the American Virgin Islands and Bonaire (Bolaños et al. 2007). Posteriorly, after the revision of Pseudoceros bicolor complex, P. rawlinsonae was also reported from Florida, Honduras, Jamaica, Bahamas, Curaçao and Brazil (Bahia & Padula 2009; Litvaitis et al. 2010). Diagnosis. Dorsal coloration from yellow to dark brown or black, scattered white spots sometimes present; marginal band white intersected by greyish black transversal stripes; marginal line gold yellow to orange. Prostatic and seminal vesicle small in relation to the penis. Taxonomic remarks. This species was included in the P. bi col or complex due to its coloration pattern. Some specimens reported from Brazil as P. b i c o l o r (Bahia & Padula 2009) were in fact P. rawlinsonae. This was found out after the review of the P. bi col or complex (Litvaitis et al. 2010), which has clearly delimited the differences between these two species and made an emendation to the species description. It was observed that differences in marginal lines (P. b i c o l o r, bright yellow to greenish or absent, and P. rawlinsonae, golden yellow to orange) were reflected in the species separation genetically. It is suggested that specimens collected in Brazil should be included in a futher comparative molecular analysis between P. b i c o l o r and P. rawlinsonae. Our specimens are in accordance with characteristics presented in the original description and in the revision by Litivaitis et al. (2010). We found both smaller and bigger specimens (variation between 8 x 6 mm and 19 x 11 mm) than originally described (17 x 7 mm) by Bolaños et al. (2007). In some specimens (Fig. 6 I), uteri were found to be full of eggs that reached 90 µm diameter. The color variation found in southeastern Brazil is illustrated in Fig. 7.