Search

Abstract Background The association between macronutrient consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains equivocal. Here, we investigated whether the quantity and quality of macronutrient intake are associated with T2D incidence in a West Asian population. Methods T2D-free adults (n = 2457, mean age 38.5 ± 13.6 years, 54.2% women) who participated in the third examination cycle (2005–2008) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study were followed for a median of 8.6 years. We estimated the macronutrient quality index (MQI), its individual sub-indices (carbohydrate quality index (CQI), fat quality index (FQI), and healthy plate protein quality index (HPPQI)), as well as the macronutrient quantity. The risk of T2D in relation to macronutrient quantity, quality, and their combined effects was examined using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known risk factors for T2D. Results During the study follow-up, 257 incident cases of T2D were documented. Individuals in the highest tertiles of MQI and CQI had a 27% (HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54, 0.98) and 29% (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51–0.99) lower T2D risk than those in the lowest tertiles. The T2D incidence was 35% lower in the middle HPPQI tertile than in the lowest (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.47, 0.89). The multivariable adjusted model showed that individuals in the middle and highest tertiles of carbohydrate intake had 32% (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49–0.95) and 26% (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55–1.00) lower risks of T2D than individuals in the lowest tertile. A high-quantity, high-quality carbohydrate diet (≥ 58.5% of energy from carbohydrate with a CQI ≥ 13) and a low-glycemic index (GI), high-fiber diet (GI

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) significantly increases the risk of vascular complications (12-32 %), which are a major cause of death (over 50 %) in T2D patients. In T2D, both endothelial (ET) and vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells are impaired, which act as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Thus, the question of this systematic review and meta-analysis is: Do ET-dependent and -independent VSM relaxation impair in T2D? We systematically searched PubMed and Scopus databases until March 2024; 44 eligible clinical trial studies (68, 16, 30, and 50 study arms for acetylcholine (ACh), methacholine (MTH), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)) published were included. ET-dependent VSM relaxation in response to ACh (overall ES = -28.9 %, 95 % CI: -35.2, -22.7; p

Objective The management and risk stratification of non-massive pulmonary embolism (PE) remain unclear. However, early assessment of PE severity can aid physicians in establishing better treatment milestones. There has been no direct comparison of mortality rates in patients with non-massive PE, and existing data are sometimes contradictory. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the Qanadli index and conventional risk stratifiers in PE. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 200 consecutively selected patients diagnosed with PE. The assessment included computed tomography pulmonary angiography, electrocardiography, echocardiography findings, outcomes, and a comparison with the Simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (SPESI) score. Descriptive, regression, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed. Results The mean Qanadli score was 13.5 ± 1.15. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant associations between the total Qanadli score and several variables: right ventricular enlargement, follow-up ejection fraction, and SPESI score. Although the Qanadli score did not significantly predict mortality, the risk of death increased by 58.8% for each 1-unit increase in the SPESI score. Conclusions Although the Qanadli index is valuable in assessing PE and guiding treatment strategies, its standalone predictive value for mortality may be insufficient. Therefore, incorporating scoring systems such as the SPESI and echocardiographic findings is recommended for more accurate mortality prediction.

This study aimed to investigate the catalytic performance of H-ZSM-5 zeolite compared with physically mixed and sequentially used synthesized γ-alumina and zeolite in the methanol-to-propylene (MTP) reaction. A facile, green and cost-effective method was first applied to prepare a mesoporous γ-Al2O3 support using a combination of sol–gel and hydrothermal methods via a few consecutive steps. This process was carried out using aluminium nitrate and polyethylene glycol with different molecular weights as non-ionic surfactants. X-ray diffraction, transmission electon microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ammonia temperature programmed desorption and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis were then used to characterize the prepared γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Afterwards, the catalytic activity of the commercial H-ZSM-5 zeolite (Si/Al = 200) and the effect of the presence of the γ-alumina physically mixed and unmixed with the zeolite were also researched in the MTP reaction. Accordingly, methanol conversion and product selectivity were monitored via gas chromatography. The physically mixed mesoporous γ-Al2O3 and H-ZSM-5 zeolite exhibited the highest catalytic activity in terms of both conversion and selectivity at 400°C. To our knowledge, this research represents the first documented use of γ-alumina and zeolite simultaneously as catalysts in the MTP reaction within the English literature. It is hoped that this work will offer valuable insights for advancing the development of catalytic systems in methanol conversion processes.

Abstract Background We assessed the possible effect of usual dairy consumption on pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) remission or progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Pre-DM adults (n = 334, mean age of 49.4 years, and 51.5% men) were assessed for dairy intakes (2006–2008) and followed up to 9 years for incidence of T2D or normal glycemia (NG). All biochemical measurements were done at baseline and all subsequent examinations with 3-y follow-up intervals. Multinomial regression models with adjustment of confounding variables were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident T2D and NG for each serving/d dairy consumption. Results The odds of NG was significantly elevated by 69% (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.00–2.86, P = 0.05) per 200 g/d increased high-fat dairy intake, while the amount of total dairy or low-fat dairy was not related to the outcomes. Higher intakes of yogurt were more likely to be associated with an increased odds of NG (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.20–2.74, P = 0.01). Usual intakes of milk, cheese, or cream-butter were not associated to Pre-DM remission or progression to T2D. Conclusion Regular dairy consumption may increase the chance of Pre-DM regression to NG.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide, although limited data are currently available regarding the impact of consuming ultra-processed food (UPF) on its incidence. Given the increased consumption of UPF in Iran, we aimed to investigate the association between UPF intake and CVD risk. Methods Individuals without CVD (n = 2050) aged ≥ 30 years old were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and UPF intakes were assessed based on the Nova food classification. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the risk of CVD across tertiles of UPF intake. Results A 10.1% incidence of CVD occurred over a median follow-up of 10.6 years, with a 22% increase in CVD risk per each 50 g/day UPF intake. Participants with the highest intake of UPF had a 68% greater incidence of CVD compared to those with the lowest intake (HR = 1.68, 95% CI=1.14–2.48) after controlling for potential confounders. Regarding sub-groups of UPF, participants in the 3rd tertile compared to the reference had a significantly increased risk of CVD (HR = 1.56, 95% CI=1.04–2.34). Nevertheless, intake of bread, fast food, sweetened beverages, sweets and desserts, high-fat dairy products, and other UPFs were not associated with greater CVD risk. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that the incidence of CVD is enhanced with the higher consumption of UPF in a representative sample of the Iranian population.

Background: Hydatid cysts (HC) are zoonotic diseases that are mainly caused by . Ovarian HC is a rare condition with different and unspecified presentations. Here we report a rare case of primary ovarian HC. Case Presentation: A 47-year-old woman with chronic abdominal pain and left hemipelvic fullness was referred to the Obstetrics Clinic of the Kowsar Hospital of Qazvin. Abdominopelvic sonography revealed a cystic mass, which primarily suggested a cyst adenoma. The tumor marker levels were within normal limits. After surgical resection, histopathological examination showed a cystic mass with dimensions of 10×6×3 cm, smooth external and internal aspects, wall thickness of 0.3 cm, and multiple pieces of irregular gray membranous tissue. The patient was treated with albendazole 3 months after surgery, and a 6-month follow-up sonogram revealed no signs of recurrence.Discussion: HC has non-specific presentations. Radiologists, pathologists, and surgeons should consider HC as a differential diagnosis for any cystic mass in the pelvic cavity, especially in endemic areas. Surgical resection and albendazole administration are the chosen treatments.

Abstract Background The association of prediabetes (Pre-DM) regression and progression with visceral adiposity index (VAI) and adipose tissue dysfunction (ATD) remains to be investigated. Methods The present cohort study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) on 1458 Pre-DM cases (aged ≥ 21 years) who were followed for nine years. VAI was estimated based on waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. ATD status (i.e., absent, mild-moderate, and severe) was defined based on the age-stratified cutoff values of VAI. Multinomial logistic regression models with adjustment of potential confounders were used to estimate the chance of Pre-DM regression to normoglycemia or progression to T2D across ATD status. Results During the study follow-up, 39.0% of the participants developed T2D, and 37.7% returned to normoglycemia. Compared to mild-moderate ATD, Pre-DM subjects with severe ATD had a higher risk of developing T2D by 45% (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 11.08–1.93). Severe ATD was also associated with a decreased chance of returning to normoglycemia by 26% (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55–0.99). Participants with severe ATD had significantly higher fasting (overall mean = 111, 95% CI = 109–112 vs. 106, 95% CI = 105–108 mg/dL) and 2h-serum glucose (overall mean = 165, 95% CI = 161–168 vs. 153, 95% CI = 149–156 mg/dL) concentrations over time. Conclusion Severe ATD was associated with an elevated risk of developing T2D and longitudinal poor-glycemic controls in Pre-DM subjects. ATD may be a simple and useful index for detecting subjects at a higher risk of Pre-DM progression to T2D, allowing for timely intervention strategies.

IntroductionA close look at the state of education in Iran and the world shows that despite all efforts to raise the quality of education and upbringing of decent, cultured, and socialized people, human societies are still facing many problems in this field. The way out of these problems is to develop an educational system suitable for human needs and talents. Anthropology is the general title and system of knowledge that includes any understanding of human beings from a philosophical, mystical, moral, and experimental point of view (Khosrupanah, 2014, p. 46). Without knowing human beings, it is not possible to know their talents and needs. with the correct knowledge of man and his various dimensions of existence, one can make the correct use of his talents. In other words, by knowing human beings, human talents can flourish. On the other hand, without knowing humans, the basic problem of education will not reach its final solution; That is, until the human being is unknown, it is not possible to present a correct educational system for the growth of the human being (Nasri, 2014, p. 29).Literature ReviewOver the past years, various researches have been conducted in order to analyze the ideas of martyr Motahari. For example, Hosseini (2009) in his work entitled "Religious-Educational Anthropology" has tried to show that the Islamic educational system pays attention to the elements and factors of the divine education of man and all the necessary propositions in the movement towards excellence. Karami (2007) in a research entitled "Human; Known Creature" investigated topics such as succession and guidance, legislative guidance and human perfection, moral guidance and inspiration, human inner desires and instincts, human knowledge and cognition, human psychological personality, and social life. Also, there have been researches in the field of moral education, such as Mousavi Faraz (2017), who in his research mainly focused on moral education based on the relationship between ethics and religion, the place of human dignity in moral education, and the place of truth and affection in moral education. Based on this, it can be seen that a complete semantic network of educational requirements according to the philosophy of Professor Motahari has not been presented. Based on this, in this research, we are trying to analyze the anthropology of Professor Shahid Morteza Motahari and explore the semantic network of educational requirements related to this anthropology.MethodologyThis research has a qualitative approach and has used descriptive-analytical and inferential research methods. The qualitative approach uses qualitative data to understand and explain phenomena and often seeks to understand the meanings, concepts, explanations, and characteristics of the subject under study (Delavar, 2019, p. 308). The first-hand documents used are the works of Professor Motahari and some articles and books of other researchers. To identify, extract, and categorize concepts, MaxQDA software and its coding tool were used. Qualitative content analysis is a method of subjectively interpreting the content of textual data through the processes of systematic classification, coding, and thematization. (Iman, 2011, p. 88). The qualitative content analysis method is a method to find the connection between different concepts and to recognize conceptual relationships.ResultsThis research shows that Shahid Motahari in his works, first by stating the existing distinctions between humans and other animals concludes that the superiority of humans over animals lies in special human tendencies that are embedded in human nature. Then, in the next stage, by distinguishing between the good and bad people of history and showing the reason for the privilege of the first group over the second group, he introduces human values as the criteria of humanity and finally argues that human values are the special human tendencies that are rooted in his human nature. These values, which are potentially present in human nature, are the special human talents that Shahid Motahari calls them human nature. In light of such knowledge, he believes that in education, it is necessary to know the human being, human talents, the details of the human mind, emotions and feelings, and even the supernatural root of human existence.DiscussionAccording to Shahid Motahari, a human is a creature with many privileges that distinguish him from other creatures, especially animals. What forms the foundation of human existence in nature (Fetrat), and Professor Motahari explains this issue completely by presenting the theory of nature. According to him, the main difference between humans and other living beings is the special human tendencies and the existence of freedom and choice. This point divides the duty of the teacher in the field of education into two very important parts. In the first part, the duty of the teacher is to provide the facilities, meet the needs of the student, and remove the existing obstacles and limitations for the flourishing of human talents. In the second part, the teacher has the duty of providing a system among human talents for the harmonious development of all of themConclusionIt is necessary to maintain a balance among all men's natural talents in human education. Paying attention to some talents and cultivating them, fighting with others, and not creating a balance between them, make a person a dangerous being. Accordingly, in order to answer the question of "how should a human being be educated", from the point of view of Professor Motahari, it can be said that every human being should be educated in such a way that he reaches his own goal; it means that his talents should be recognized and nurtured. That is, based on the knowledge of nature, we should cultivate all our talents in harmony with nature.

Abstract Objectives The effects of dietary sage on the growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal mucosa morphology, and pulmonary hypertensive response were investigated in broiler chickens with pulmonary hypertension. Methods Chicks (Ross 308) were reared under cold stress for 35 days and treated with 0.05% vitamin C (positive control) and 0 (control), 0.1 or 0.2% sage extracts, then performance, oxidant and antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology were evaluated. Results The index of pulmonary hypertension (RV:TV) was decreased, and weight gain (days 22–35) was increased in all treatments (except for sage 0.1%) compared with control (P

Abstract Vascular nitric oxide (NO•) resistance, manifested by an impaired vasodilator function of NO• in both the macro- and microvessels, is a common state in type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated with developing cardiovascular events and death. Here, we summarize experimental and human evidence of vascular NO• resistance in T2D and discuss its underlying mechanisms. Human studies indicate a ~ 13-94% decrease in the endothelium (ET)-dependent vascular smooth muscle (VSM) relaxation and a 6-42% reduced response to NO• donors, i.e., sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), in patients with T2D. A decreased vascular NO• production, NO• inactivation, and impaired responsiveness of VSM to NO• [occurred due to quenching NO• activity, desensitization of its receptor soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and/or impairment of its downstream pathway, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG)] are the known mechanisms underlying the vascular NO• resistance in T2D. Hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and vascular insulin resistance are key players in this state. Therefore, upregulating vascular NO• availability, re-sensitizing or bypassing the non-responsive pathways to NO•, and targeting key vascular sources of ROS production may be clinically relevant pharmacological approaches to circumvent T2D-induced vascular NO• resistance.

Key Clinical Message Cavernous hemangiomas are rare and have various non‐specific clinical presentations, such as menorrhagia. It can mimic different diseases such as endometrial polyps. Pathologists and gynecologists should be aware of performing histopathological examinations of this neoplasm for accurate diagnosis and to avoid unwarranted therapeutic interventions. Abstract Internal genital tract hemangiomas are rare and can be divided into capillary and cavernous. We present a rare case of cavernous hemangioma (CH) of the corpus in a young, non‐pregnant woman. The patient was a 28‐year‐old woman who had complained of menorrhagia for 2.5 years. Sonography showed a hypoechoic intramural area measuring 35 × 23 mm. Histomorphology revealed neoplastic proliferation of dilated thin‐walled arteries of various sizes within the myometrium. Due to the variable clinical presentations of CH, histopathological examination should be performed for an accurate diagnosis. It is a rare entity and we recommend training pathologists and gynecologists on this neoplasm for accurate diagnosis and to avoid unwarranted therapeutic interventions.

Objective Salivary gland cancers (SGC) are rare cancers with currently no standard treatment for recurrent/metastatic disease. Based on checkpoint inhibitors benefit in a broad range of tumours, NIvolumab in Salivary gland CArcinoma of the Head and Neck (NISCAHN) evaluated nivolumab efficacy in SGC.Methods and analysis In this phase II single-stage Fleming design, patients with SGC with a progressive disease progression within 6 months prior to entering the study, were divided into ACC (adenoid cytic carcinoma) and non-ACC. All received nivolumab for a maximum of 12 months. The primary endpoint was the non-progression rate at 6 months (NPR6m) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), tumour growth rate, safety and quality of life (health-related quality of life).Results 46 patients with ACC and 52 patients without ACC were enrolled over 1 year. Median follow-up was respectively 29.2 months and 16.9 months for patients with ACC and non-ACC. In the ACC cohort, with 15/45 patients non-progressive at 6 months, the primary endpoint was met (33.3%; 95% CI 21.8 to NE). Nivolumab failed to demonstrate efficacy in the non-ACC cohort (NPR6m: 14.0%; 7/50 patients). ORR, PFS and OS were 8.7% (95% CI 2.4 to 20.8), 5.3 (95% CI 3.2 to 5.6) and 17.2 months (95% CI 12.5-NE) in the ACC cohort, and 3.8% (95% CI 0.5 to 13.2), 1.8 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.5) and 11.5 months (95% CI 7.5 to 14.8) in the non-ACC cohort. Nivolumab safety profile was consistent with previous reports.Conclusion Nivolumab has limited efficacy in SGC. Differential results were observed in the two cohorts. The primary endpoint was met in the ACC cohort and no new safety signals were identified.Trial registration number EudraCT number: 2016-001794-32/NCT03132038.

Abstract Background The current prospective cohort study aimed to explore the potential associations between dietary sodium (Na), potassium (K), and sodium-to-potassium (Na-to-K) ratio with an incidence risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Iranian adults. Methods The participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (men and women aged 30–84 years, n = 2050), free of CVD at baseline (2006–2008) were included. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and incident CVD (i.e., coronary heart disease, stroke, and CVD mortality) were documented up to March 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) regarding the association between dietary Na, K, and Na-to-K ratio with CVD events. Results During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 10.14% of participants experienced CVD outcomes. A 41% increased risk of CVD in relation to each increase in 1000 mg/d of Na intake. In the fully-adjusted model, higher Na intake (> 4143 versus

Background and Objective: Sepsis is the third most common cause of death, and the umbilical cord is a significant source of sepsis in the first month of life. This study aimed to compare the effect of Eau de Dalibour and distilled water on umbilical cord separation time and infection in neonates at Kowsar Hospital of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 76 infants in two groups of 38 people, using Eau de Dalibour and distilled water as a placebo. In the Eau de Dalibour group, 2-3 ml of the drug was used on the umbilical stump from 3 hours after birth and once every 12 hours until 2 days after the separation of the umbilical cord. In the distilled water group, the same procedure was done with distilled water. Finally, the time of separation of the umbilical cord and signs of infection in both groups were investigated and compared. Findings: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gestational age, sex, or birth weight. Umbilical cord separation time was significantly shorter in the Eau de Dalibour group than in the placebo group (5.1±2.4 and 7.44±2.3 days respectively; p

Background and Objective: Jaundice is common in infants and occurs because of hyperbilirubinemia, which can lead to brain injury in neonates. Phototherapy, in addition to its serious side effects, does not seem to be enough in resolving jaundice. This clinical trial aims to compare the efficacy of orlistat and phototherapy combination therapy with that of phototherapy alone in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 120 term neonates with jaundice. Block randomization was used to allocate the infants to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received orlistat (4 mg/kg body weight) for three consecutive oral doses at the first, second and third day of hospitalization, along with phototherapy. The control group received a placebo and phototherapy. Total and direct plasma bilirubin levels were measured at baseline (before intervention) as well as 24 and 72 h after treatment. Findings: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of infant sex, weight, or age. The mean total and direct bilirubin levels in the experimental group did not change compared to those in the control group at the end of the trial (10.44±1.35 vs. 10.6±2.8 and 0.4±0.1 vs. 0.5±0.1, respectively). Conclusion: Orlistat appears to be ineffective in accelerating bilirubin reduction in neonates with jaundice, at least for the first three days of life.

Introduction: This study surveys the results obtained from a missing person (for 40 years) from the Iran-Iraq War in Majnoon Island. Case Report: Skeletal remains were examined by anthropometry. Parts of selected femur and tooth samples were sampled for genetic identification. DNA extraction from bone samples was performed using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit with a slight change. DNA was extracted using the Qiagen column, washing buffer, and bind-elute technology. Extracted DNA was quantitated by Quantifiler™ Trio DNA Quantification. According to DNA concentration, AmpFℓSTR Miniifiler PCR Amplification or AmpFℓSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification kits were used for genotyping. FTA cards were used to store and extract DNA samples from the person’s family. Genetic profiles were prepared using the AmpFℓSTR Identifiler Direct PCR Amplification Kit. The genetic matching of sex chromosomes was investigated with Yfiler™ PCR Amplification and Investigator Argus X-12 QS kits. Genetic matching and kinship calculations were done using Familias and NoorGIS applications. Results: The radiographic and genetic examinations ultimately confirmed that the dead body matched the relevant family. Despite the challenges with DNA-degraded samples, a good genetic profile was obtained for genetic identification. Conclusion: Anthropometric examination, especially post-mortem evidence (e.g. radiography) and genetic examination confirmed that the dead body matched the relevant family.

Background: Women may experience different problems in every aspect of their sexual life throughout their lives; therefore, it is essential to check women's sexual health and try to improve it. The present research aims to assess core stability trainings on postpartum mothers' sexual desire. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted by random sampling on 72 mothers who referred to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan in 2019 in postpartum period. The samples were divided into experimental and control groups by random placement method (blocking). Core stability exercises were performed in the experimental group for 24 sessions. The demographic questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were filled out in two stages (before and one month after the intervention) by the samples, and the data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-square. Results: The result of this study showed that the average score of the sexual desire after intervention in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p = 0.03). The average score of the sexual desire after the intervention in the experimental group was significantly higher than that before the intervention (p < 0.001). The average scores of the sexual desire before and after the intervention in the control group were not significantly different (p = 0.40). Conclusions: Eight weeks of core stabilization exercises can improve endurance of the pelvic floor muscles and the central part of the body, subsequently promoting females' sexual desire. The findings of this study can be considered in the fields of education, health, clinical, and policy.

Background: Hypertension in the second trimester of pregnancy is accompanied by proteinuria that is called Preeclampsia Syndrome (PES). Body relaxation is a technique which makes harmony between mind and body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Body Relaxation Technique (BRT) on some symptoms of Preeclampsia Syndrome (PES). Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 96 high-risk pregnant women who were selected by random sampling method from among women referring to community health centers of Isfahan city. The samples were divided into intervention and control groups by even and odd numbers. The intervention group members received BRT during 16 sessions. Blood pressure and proteinuria were measured and recorded before and after the intervention in both groups at the beginning and in the 36th week of pregnancy. The collected data were analyzed. Result: According to the Chi-square test, the frequency of PES was 11.10% and 23.50% in the intervention and control groups, respectively (χ2 = 3.95, df = 1, p = 0.046). After the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria. Systolic blood pressure and stress were also significantly reduced in the intervention group. However, proteinuria was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Based on the results, the relaxation technique, as an easy technique, is recommended for pregnant women who are susceptible to pregnancy hypertension and preeclampsia. Moreover, as a clinical complementary method, it can be recommended for preventing the symptoms of PES.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Knowledge is a key factor and strategic resource for gaining assets and non-functional organizational capabilities. Knowledge Management is the knowledgeable process of creating, validating, presenting, distributing and using the knowledge in an organization. Successful organizations consider human resource development as a fundamental principle. Many organization find their knowledge management process to be ignored by the employees. Gamification is a way of enhancing knowledge management with game design elements to increase employee’s engagement, content creation and satisfaction.METHODS: The research method was descriptive-survey and based on variance-based structural equation modeling. The statistical population included 384 employees of the sports organization of selected metropolises. The statistical sample size was determined by stratified random sampling method, 384 employees who answered the research tools: questionnaires of gamification, performance improvement and knowledge management. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by 5 professors of sports management and their reliability was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and combined reliability in the dimensions of the questionnaires, higher than 0.696 and 0.757, respectively. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics tests and sobel test in SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 2.0.FINDINGS: The relationship between research constructs with their dimensions, gamification with performance improvement and knowledge management with performance improvement of positive and significant research model (T≥2.86) and research model fit (GOF = 0.589) was evaluated as strong. As a result, managers of metropolitan municipal sports organizations can play a mediating role in the relationship between gamification and performance improvement by implementing knowledge management in the organization.CONCLUSION: According to the research results, although gamification is an effective factor in improving employee performance, but knowledge management plays a crucial role. Therefore, it is suggested that municipal sports managers pay special attention to knowledge management and gamification to improve employee performance.

Abstract Background We aimed to assess potential associations of habitual dietary pattern scores in relation to the risk of pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or the chance of returning to normal glycemia. Methods This cohort study included 334 Pre-DM individuals (mean age of 49.4 years, and 51.5% men) who participated in the third phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008) and followed up for a median of 9 years. A validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline assessed usual intakes of the participants. Major dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The DASH score and Mediterranean diet score (MDS) were also calculated. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of developing T2DM and returning to normal glycemia in relation to dietary pattern scores. Results During the study follow-up, 39.8% progressed to T2DM, and 39.8% returned to normal glycemia. Three following major dietary patterns, including Western-style (with a higher load of red meats, hydrogenated fats, sodium, and total fat intakes), healthy pattern (with a higher load of whole grains, vegetables, and dairy products), and processed-foods pattern (with a higher load of processed-meats, fast-foods, salty snakes, and sweets and candies) were identified. The Western-style dietary pattern increased the risk of progressing to T2DM by 38% (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.89, P = 0.050). Other dietary pattern scores were not related to regression or progression from Pre-DM. Conclusion The Western-style dietary pattern (characterized by higher load of red meats, hydrogenated fats, sodium intake, and high-GI foods) may accelerate the progression of Pre-DM to T2DM.

In the current energy and environmental conditions, it is necessary to implement systems based on renewable energy sources in order to reduce energy consumption worldwide. Solar collectors have been studied for years, and many researchers have focused their attention on increasing their efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Solar collectors are implemented for heating domestic water, heating or industrial processes. A promising system that is not yet widely known is air heating by solar collectors, which can be an efficient way to use solar energy with lower investment costs, a system that can preheat the fresh air needed for heating, drying. In this research, the air was established between the absorbent space and its glass cover at speeds of 2, 4, and 6 m/s using a fan, and the effect of incoming air speed and weather conditions such as solar radiation intensity, wind speed, and ambient temperature on the outlet air temperature from the collector and the absorber rod temperature were checked. Based on the obtained results, the temperature of the air coming out of the collector and the temperature of the absorber decreases with the increase in the speed of the incoming air. The greatest impact of weather conditions on the temperature of the absorber rod is related to the intensity of the sun's radiation. The numerical analysis results were obtained with an error of 5% compared to the experimental results.

Template-free ZSM-5 zeolites with the SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 28, 50, and 80 were synthesized and compared with template preparation. The resulting zeolites were characterized by IR, XRD, XRF, SEM, and BET analyses. The template-free and SDA (synthetic directing agent, or with template) zeolites manifested similar physical and chemical characteristics. In addition, their catalytic performances were tested for methanol to hydrocarbon (MTH) as an industrial process in which methanol produced from any source can be converted to a wide range of hydrocarbons (from olefins to gasoline and aromatic hydrocarbons) in a fixed-bed reactor. The zeolites showed methanol conversions of 93.5 and 92.6% for the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 50 with the template HZ-50T and template-free HZ-50, respectively. Further, their product selectivity was also similar; nonetheless, eliminating the templates in the preparation of the zeolites had little effect on the conversion and selectivity of the products. The ratio of aromatic to aliphatic decreased with an increase in the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. Furthermore, raising the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (from 28 to 80) reduced the gaseous product from 54.1% to 52.1%.

Abstract Background The potential effects of dietary oxalate (Ox) intake on cardio-renal function have remained unestablished. We evaluated the effect of usual Ox intake and its interaction with dietary calcium (Ca) on incident hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Adult men and women, free of HTN and CKD at baseline (2006–2008), were recruited. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the outcomes were documented up to 2014–2017. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the development of HTN and CKD in relation to Ox intakes. Repeated-measures generalized estimating equation (GEE) linear regression models were used to assess possible effect of Ox-intake on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and blood pressure levels over eight years. Results Dietary Ox intakes were positively associated with incident CKD (HR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.46–4.64) and HTN (HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.05–3.04). Compared to high-Ca consumers, subjects who had lower Ca intakes ( 220 vs.

Background and Objective: Stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy have adverse effects on both mother and baby. Stress and anxiety have been reported as high-risk factors for preeclampsia. Relaxation exercises can reduce the adverse effects of high-risk pregnancies in mothers prone to preeclampsia and improve pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 100 high-risk pregnant women referring to healthcare centers in Isfahan, Iran. The samples were randomly divided into experimental (n=46) and control (n=50) groups. Relaxation in was performed the experimental group in 16 sessions. Mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression were measured and recorded using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by statistical tests in SPSS 16 software. Results: The mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression were obtained at 6.80, 4.49, and 5.98 in the experimental group, respectively, and 1.20, 0.94, and 1.03 in the control group, respectively. The results showed that the mean scores of stress and anxiety were significantly lower after the intervention in the test group than in the control group (P0.05). No Neonatal significant difference was observed between the two groups in the physiological indices, including mean 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, weight, height, and head circumference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, relaxation reduced the level of anxiety and stress among high-risk pregnant mothers. Therefore, the implementation of this technique during pregnancy is recommended for high-risk pregnant women prone to preeclampsia.

Introduction: The current survey investigated the alleviating effect of dietary clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (CEO) in comparison with vitamin C (VC), against the adverse effects of Pb on growth performance, serum oxidative indices, and lipid profile in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), following oral administration. Methods: 480 one-day-old quails were randomly segregated into 8 groups, which fed with the following diets, via 35 days: basal diet (negative control), basal diet + VC (500 mg/kg), basal diet + CEO (450 mg/kg), basal diet + CEO (100 mg/kg), basal diet + VC (500 mg/kg) + Pb (100 mg/l), basal diet + CEO (450 mg/kg) + Pb (100 mg/l), basal diet + CEO (100 mg/kg) + Pb (100 mg/l), and basal diet + Pb (100 mg/l) (positive control). The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s post hoc test. Results: Quails exposed to Pb and treated with CEO had reduced oxidative stress as evidenced by lower concentrations of TBARS and CP, higher activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT, and more improved lipid profile, compared to positive control. Moreover, the alleviating effects of CEO were dose-dependent. Conclusion: The CEO (450 mg/kg) was potentially as effective as or even more potent than VC (500 mg/kg) in alleviating the adverse effects of Pb.

Background: Respiratory masks can provide healthcare workers with protection from biological hazards when they have good performance. There is a direct relationship between the visual specifications of a mask and its efficacy; thus, the aim of this study was to develop tools for qualitative assessment of the performance of masks used by healthcare workers. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used to develop a qualitative assessment tool for medical face masks (MFM) and particle filtering half masks (PFHM). The development of domains and items was undertaken using observation and interviews, the opinions of an expert panel, and a review of texts and international standards. The second phase evaluated the psychometric properties of tools. Finally, the validated Mask Qualitative Assessment Tools (MQAT) were used to assess six samples from 10 brands of the two types of masks. Results: MQAT-MFM and MQAT-PHFM shared 42 items across seven domains: “cleanliness,” “design,” “marking, labeling and packaging,” “mask layers,” “mask strap,” “materials and construction,” and “nose clip.” MQAT-MFM included one additional item. MQAT-PHFM included another nine items associated with an eighth “Practical Performance” domain, and the valve version had another additional “Exhalation Valve” domain and six items. The evaluation indicated 80% compliance for MFM and 71% compliance for PFHM. “Marking, labeling and packaging” and “Layers” were associated with the least compliance in both types of masks and should be checked carefully for defining mask quality. Conclusion: MQAT can be used for immediate screening and initial assessment of MFM and PHFM through appearance, simple tools, and visual inspection.

Introduction: Natural products can alleviate oxidative stress induced by toxic metals. This study evaluated antioxidant properties of clove essential oil (CEO), compared to oxidative deterioration of Cd. It was carried out by measuring growth performance parameters (BW, FI, and FCR), oxidative indices (TBARS, CP, CAT, SOD, and GPx), lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C), and Cd bioaccumulation in quails. Materials and Methods: In this study, 480 Japanese quails were fed with diets for 35 days. The diets included basal diet, basal diet + VC (500 mg/kg), basal diet + CEO (450 mg/kg), basal diet + CEO (100 mg/kg), basal diet + VC (500 mg/kg) + Cd (40 mg/l), basal diet + CEO (450 mg/kg) + Cd (40 mg/l), basal diet + CEO (100 mg/kg) + Cd (40 mg/l), and basal diet + Cd (40 mg/l). Oxidative indices and Cd bioaccumulation (ICP-OES) were measured. Results: The major ingredients of CEO included Eugenol (77.63%) and β-Caryophyllene (9.55%). Quails exposed to Cd and treated with CEO had a reduced amount of oxidative stress as evidenced by lower concentrations of TBARS and CP, higher activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT, an improved lipid profile, and lower accumulation of Cd compared to the positive control. However, FI and FCR did not change. Conclusion: Antioxidant properties of CEO were dose-dependent. CEO (450 mg/kg) was potentially as effective as, or even more potent than VC (500 mg/kg) in reducing the adverse effects of Cd. However, further studies are required to determine the minimum concentration of COE.

The possible association of habitual physical activity (PA) and the risk of pre-diabetes (Pre-DM) progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) or the chance of returning to normoglycemia was investigated. This cohort study included 1167 Pre-DM individuals (mean age of 53.5 years, and 45.3% men) who participated in the third phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008) and followed up to a median of 9 years. PA, including leisure time and job activities, was measured using a reliable and validated Iranian version of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire and reported as metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes per week. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident T2D and returning to normoglycemia were estimated in relation to PA levels (i.e., per every 500 MET-minutes/week, or across categories of PA levels 1500 MET-minutes/week). During the study follow-up, 39.0 % progressed to T2D, and 37.8% returned to normoglycemia. Compared to subjects with a PA 1500 MET-minutes/week. We further noted that each 500 MET-min/week activity corresponded to an elevated chance of returning to normoglycemia by 5% (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.11). The study’s findings provided evidence that higher daily PA levels may facilitate Pre-DM regression to normoglycemia. The beneficial effect of PA in Pre-DM subjects needs to exceed the recommended levels (i.e., 600 MET-minutes/week).

Water pollution management, reduction, and elimination are critical challenges of the current era that threaten millions of lives. By spreading the coronavirus in December 2019, the use of antibiotics, such as azithromycin increased. This drug was not metabolized, and entered the surface waters. ZIF-8/Zeolit composite was made by the sonochemical method. Furthermore, the effect of pH, the regeneration of adsorbents, kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were attended. The adsorption capacity of zeolite, ZIF-8, and the composite ZIF-8/Zeolite were 22.37, 235.3, and 131 mg/g, respectively. The adsorbent reaches the equilibrium in 60 min, and at pH = 8. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic associated with increased entropy. The results of the experiment were analyzed using Langmuir isotherms and pseudo-second order kinetic models with a R2 of 0.99, and successfully removing the composite by 85% in 10 cycles. It indicated that the maximum amount of drug could be removed with a small amount of composite.

Introduction: Nutrition Clinical Trials (NCTs) are pivotal in establishing causal links between nutritional interventions and chronic diseases. This review comprehensively examines prevalent clinical trial designs, emphasizing their strengths and limitations. The goal is to provide insights into the selection and optimization of these designs for dietary intervention studies. Methods: Various study designs in NCTs are explored, including quasi-experimental designs, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials for nutrient/functional foods supplementation, community-based lifestyle interventions, pragmatic nutrition interventions, and field trial projects. The characteristics, advantages, and challenges of each design are discussed. Real examples are presented to illustrate how these designs can be tailored and optimized for dietary intervention studies. Results: Parallel randomized clinical trials are acknowledged as the gold standard, despite requiring substantial sample sizes and having inherent limitations. Cross-over NCTs emerge as valuable for assessing temporary treatment effects while mitigating potential confounders and interpatient variability. However, they may not be suitable for acute diseases and progressive disorders, and attrition rates can be higher. Multi-arm randomized designs offer increased study power with a lower sample size but necessitate more intricate design, analysis, and result reporting. Conclusion: In conclusion, each study design in NCTs comes with its set of strengths and limitations. The selection of an appropriate design should consider determinants and common considerations to provide robust evidence for establishing cause-and-effect associations or assessing the safety and efficacy of food products in nutrition research. This comprehensive understanding aids researchers in making informed choices when planning and conducting nutrition clinical trials.