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In this study, we suggested a novel approach for solving multi-functional integro-differential equations with mixed delays, by using orthogonal Jacobi polynomials. These equations include various classes of differential equations, integro-differential equations and delay differential equations. This new algorithm proposes solutions for each class of these equations and combinations of equation classes, such as Volterra integro-differential equation, Fredholm integro-differential equation, pantograph-delay differential equations. Since the present method is based on fundamental matrix relations and collocation points, numerical solutions can be obtained easily by means of symbolic computation programs. We developed an error estimation algorithm based on the present method for the verification of solutions. Application of the method is illustrated by four numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Five solvent extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water (70%), and water) of Gladiolus italicus Mill. from Turkey were evaluated for chemical and biological properties., Methods: Antioxidant activities, inhibitory properties against key enzymes involved in the etiology of chronic diseases were tested, as well as cytotoxic effects on different cell lines. Chemical characterization was also carried out to determine the most abundant compounds of each extract., Results: The highest total phenolic content (TPC) was observed in the water extract while highest TFC in ethanol/water extract. The most abundant compounds in the extracts were hyperoside (69041.06 mg kg -1 ), isoquercitrin (46239.49 mg kg -1 ), delphindin-3,5-diglucoside (42043.81 mg kg -1 ), myricetin (21486.61 mg kg -1 ), and kaempferol-3-glucoside (21199.76 mg kg -1 ). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations confirmed the structural stability and dynamic conformational integrity of these complexes over a period of 100 ns. In network pharmacology, A total of 657 unique target genes were screened: 52 associated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), 85 with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), and 130 with fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2), identifying crucial gene interactions for these proteins. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted, revealing significant interactions and pathways such as the advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptors (RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications and T- helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation, among others. This elucidation of complex networks involving key genes like AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1), MYC proto-oncogene (MYC), tumor protein 53 (TP53), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provides a promising foundation for the development of targeted therapies in the treatment of non-communicable diseases., Conclusion: These results show that G. italicus could be a natural source of potent antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors which need to be further explored for the development of biopharmaceuticals.

The present study was performed to determine the chemical constituents, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of the aerial parts of Glaucium acutidentatum Hausskn. and Bornm. (family Papaveraceae). Methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared by maceration, homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) and infusion. Results showed that the highest total phenolic and flavonoids contents were obtained from the methanol extracts obtained by HAE (53.22 ± 0.10 mg GAE/g) and maceration (30.28 ± 0.51 mg RE/g), respectively. The aporphine, beznyltetrahydroisoquinoline, and protopine types of Glaucium alkaloids have been tentatively identified. Among them, glaucine was identified in all extracts. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, organic acids and fatty acids were also detected. Methanolic extract obtained using the HAE method displayed the highest anti-DPPH (41.42 ± 0.62 mg TE/g), total antioxidant (1.20 ± 0.17 mmol TE/g), Cu 2+ (113.55 ± 6.44 mg TE/g), and Fe 3+ (74.52 ± 4.74 mg TE/g) reducing properties. The aqueous extracts obtained by infusion and HAE methods exerted the best anti-ABTS (103.59 ± 1.49 mg TE/g) and chelating (19.81 ± 0.05 mg EDTAE/g) activities, respectively. Methanolic extract from HAE recorded the highest acetylcholinesterase (2.55 ± 0.10 mg GALAE/g) and α-amylase (0.51 ± 0.02 mmol ACAE/g) inhibition activities, while that obtained by maceration showed the best butyrylcholinesterase (3.76 ± 0.31 mg GALAE/g) inhibition activity. Both extracts revealed the best tyrosinase inhibitory activity (25.15 ± 1.00 and 26.79 ± 2.36 mg KAE/g, p ≥ 0.05). G. acutidentatum maceration-derived aqueous extract showed selective anticancer activity against cells originating from human hypopharyngeal carcinoma. In conclusion, these findings indicated that G. acutidentatum is a promising source of alkaloids and phenolic compounds for variable pharmaceutical formulations.

Glasses are actively used in various fields, from industry to health. Especially, special doped glasses used in radiation areas may vary depending on the type and energy of the radiation. Glasses made of high-density and effective radiation-absorbing materials generally provide adequate protection against X and gamma rays. As an example, in this study, a 42.5P 2 O 5 -42.5B 2 O 3 -(15-x)Li 2 O-xV 2 O 5 (x = 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15) glass system was produced using the melt quenching technique. The obtained X-ray patterns indicated that lack of crystalline peaks, verifying the glassy nature of all synthesized glass series. The glass transition temperatures and the glass thermal stability were determined using a Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA). The glass transition temperature and thermal stability was found to deteriorate with increasing V 2 O 5 content. The radiation absorption properties of these glass system produced were investigated with 384 keV, 1173 keV and 1333 keV energized gamma using narrow beam transmission geometry. The NaI(Tl) detector system have been used to obtain γ-ray spectra. According to the obtained mass attenuation coefficients (μ m ) results, it has been determined that as the V 2 O 5 ratio in the glass increases, it provides more effective results in radiation shielding. When the experimental results are compared with the theoretical XCOM results, there are a good match between the values. Finally, the radiation shielding properties of this produced glass system are compared with previously studied standard glasses to refer to the superiority of the installed systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)