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The olive oil processing industry’s liquid effluents (OMW) have a polluting capacity for the ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical quality of OMW of two varieties of separated and combined olives cultivated in Khenchela Eastern Algeria, from the cold extraction of the olive oil extraction system. These was to determine their degree of pollution and biodegradability during one year of storage at ambient temperature to recommend the correct treatment for each storage time. Results of the measured parameters pH, EC,TSS percent, H2O percent, lipids, DM, OM, MM, VM, COT percent, NTK percent, C/N, BOD5, COD, BI, TOM, BOD5/COD show that wastewater from olive oil mills has an acid pH, and they are very loaded with organic matter evaluated in terms of COD and BOD5, quite filled with minerals. The storage of olive mill waste can reduce progressively the pollution caused by this waste. Whereas during one year, the reduction rate of COD, BOD5, TOM, BI, is respectively 29.4%, 54.8%, 39.16%, 54.2%, but C/N, BOD5/COD continue to increase as well as pH that continues to decrease during the storage. Accordingly, storing olive mill waste during a year reduces its pollution rate, so it is slowly biodegradable. When disposing of it, an adequate treatment procedure must be required to protect the environment.

Drought and salinity are the two major abiotic stresses limiting barley growth and productivity. In order to understand the physiological and biochemical traits associated with deficit irrigation using saline water in barley at heading stage, this study was performed under field conditions to treat two barley landraces, "Karkeni" (origin: irrigated) and "Bengardeni" (origin: rainfed in arid area), with three irrigation treatments as a function of cultural evapotranspiration ETc (T0: 100% ETc, T1: 75% ETc and T2: 50% ETc). In both barley landraces, deficit irrigation with saline water (T1 and T2 treatments) significantly decreased net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio and grain yield (GY); by contrast, DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacities as well as Na+ content were increased, concomitant with a landrace-dependent variation in phenolic compounds composition. Interestingly, under T1 and T2 treatments, "Karkeni" had the lowest A, E, gs and K+/Na+ ratio, and the highest Na+ content and GY. Overall, at heading stage, salt accumulation in deficit irrigated soils with saline water significantly reduces GY of barley by influencing gas exchange, phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities, in a landrace-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the main phenolic compounds, as well as phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in nine sun-dried fig cultivars with different skin color, originating from South-Eastern and Middle-Eastern Tunisia. For all evaluated parameters, a considerable variability with high significant differences was observed among the cultivars studied. Dark fruits exhibited a higher total polyphenol contents (201.77 mg GAE/100g DM in cultivar Saoudi Douiret) compared to green fruits (73.74 mg GAE/100g DM in cultivar Bayoudhi Douiret). Fatty acid methyl esters, identified by GC-MS, distinguished the presence of (C16: 0), (C18: 1), ((C18: 2) 9, 12), ((C18: 3) 9, 12, 15) and (C20: 0). Strong correlations between the amounts of total phenolics, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids and antioxidant capacity were found. A principal component analysis showed three groups of cultivars regarding their similarity level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]