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Objective: The aim of this study was to design and validate a parent-adolescent educational package based on the lived experiences of parents and adolescents. Methods and Materials: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. Participants included mothers and adolescent girls from lower secondary school in Tehran. Data were collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews. To validate the parent-adolescent educational package, the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were examined based on the opinions of ten experts. Findings: The findings indicated that the designed educational package could enhance positive communication between parents and adolescents, improve academic performance, and promote the mental health of adolescents. The package included various educational sessions, each specifically addressing topics such as conflict management, negotiation and effective communication, and the development of adolescent self-efficacy. The validity indices of the package all showed numbers higher than 0.75, indicating high validity. Conclusion: The results suggested that the parent-adolescent educational package could serve as an effective tool for improving and strengthening the relationship between parents and adolescents, helping them better manage the challenges of adolescence. These results underscore the need to integrate family education programs in schools and educational centers to strengthen family communication foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict the desire for remarriage based on self-differentiation and ego strength mediated by irrational beliefs in divorced youth. Methods and Materials: The research method was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in nature, and correlational in type. The population included all divorced youth in District 6 of Tehran during the years 2022-2023. In this study, 400 individuals were selected through convenience sampling using the Kramers method (2006). For data collection, the Desire for Marriage Questionnaire: Pouretemad et al. (2004), the Differentiation of Self Inventory by Skowron and Friedlander (1998), the Ego Strength Scale (ESS), and the Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire by Jones (1986) were used. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and regression analysis). Findings: The results indicated that based on self-differentiation, one can predict the desire for remarriage in divorced youth (p < .01). Similarly, based on ego strength, one can predict the desire for remarriage in divorced youth (p < .01). Additionally, based on irrational beliefs, one can predict the desire for remarriage in divorced youth (p < .01). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that excessive immutability and helplessness in the face of life's challenges among divorced youth can turn into a set of irrational beliefs, consequently reducing their inclination towards remarriage. Such that irrational beliefs about helplessness against change lead to a fear of marriage, preventing the individual from accepting the responsibility of such a commitment, thus impacting the desire for marriage in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Today, with the expansion of metropolises and the complexity of life, the problems of life are increasing day by day. Problems that require skill and ability to face. The major focus of of this research was on Compilation and validation of training package of improving personal skills for women living in marginalized areas. Methods: The training package was designed based on the Cognitive-behavioral Theory. The design of the package consisted of four stages of interviewing experts in the field and using nomial group method to identify the priority of life skills needs, based on the needs assessment, three skills of self-awareness, effective communication, and emotion regulation were selected, reviewing the literature, holding a brainstorming session and preparing the Package (This package included a teacher's guidebook and an audience workbook), determining the validity and modifying the initial draft of the package. The content validity of the package was measured using the expert opinion and was measured by the content validity index and the relative coefficient of content validity. Findings: The results showed that the designed educational package has a high validity level. Also, the relative content validity coefficient of the package was equal to 0.714 meaning that this package has relatively high content validity. Discussion: The educational package is suitable for training in the three skills of self-awareness, effective communication, and emotion regulation in order to provide a platform for entering and using these skills in the real life of young women living in marginalized areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this study was to assess and compare the impact of cognitive-social training and coaching interventions on the self-awareness levels of female high school students. The research employed a semi-experimental design featuring pretest, posttest, and a follow-up phase, with the inclusion of a control group. The study's target population encompassed all female high school students in District 2 of Tehran in 2022. The final sample comprised 45 participants, with 15 individuals assigned to each of the three groups: experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and the control group. The participants were selected through a convenience sampling method. In this research, the experimental groups 1 and 2 received distinct training interventions: experimental group 1 received coaching training based on Bazar gan's package (2018), while experimental group 2 underwent cognitive -social training following Vernon, and Doyle materials (2017). In contrast, the control group did not receive any form of training. Data collection involved administering the Cooper Self-awareness Questionnaire (1997). The hypotheses were subjected to examination using mixed -design analysis of variance, followed by the Bonferroni post -hoc test. The study's outcomes revealed a significant increase in self-awareness scores for both the cognitive-social training and coaching groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, this positive effect was sustained during the follow-up phase. Notably, cognitive-social education exhibited a higher level of effectiveness in enhancing self-awareness among the students when compared to coaching. These findings suggest that implementing cognitive-social and coaching educational approaches, particularly cognitive -social training, holds the potential to enhance self-awareness in high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy and cognitive-emotional therapy on the cognitive fusion of autoimmune patients. In this study, the research method was experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all autoimmune patients in Tehran who were referred to medical centers in Tehran in 2019, and 45 autoimmune patients(Multiple sclerosis (MS), Type 1 diabetes, and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using the purposive sampling method were selected. This number of samples was randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people in experimental group 1 and 15 people in experimental group 2) and a control group (15 people). The experimental groups were then trained in mindfulness-based therapy and cognitive-emotional therapy (for each therapy, seven weeks and sessions in two hours). But the control group did not receive any training. The instrument used was the revised Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Finally, the findings showed that the effectiveness of both mindfulness and cognitive-emotional therapies on cognitive fusion components are desirable, but according to the mean, cognitive-emotional therapy was more effective than mindfulness therapy on the component of cognitive fusion. In conclusion, these therapies will help to decrease cognitive fusion, and improve cognitive defusion in autoimmune patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]